Cited by 209Health Education and ValidationPsychometric Methodologies and TestingMenstrual Health and Disorders

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Translation of questionnaires and issues of equivalence

Chang, Anne M., Chau, Janita P.C., Holroyd, Eleanor·1999·Journal of Advanced Nursing

DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00891.x

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Abstract

Translation of questionnaires and issues of equivalence¶ The validity of studies using translated instruments may be questioned when there is a lack of attention to and/or minimal explanation of the procedures used for determining the equivalence between the primary and secondary language tool. Ensuring equivalence of a translated Chinese version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire is an important prerequisite for identifying culturally specific expressions of concepts under investigation and for cross‐cultural comparisons. This paper examines the principles and procedures for determining equivalence of translated tools and their application to the development of an equivalent Chinese version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. Translation and back‐translation were used to develop a Chinese version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. Bilingual university students completed both versions of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. Most of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire items had an acceptable Kappa openface> 0·4. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated moderate to high levels of equivalence for total scores and all scales. Improvement in the translation of some items is needed to further enhance the equivalence of the Chinese version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire.

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“The validity of the translated measure is always questionable because some concepts may have different meanings in two different languages, that is, the original and the translated languages (Chang et al., 1999).”
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“…arose – as in the Chinese version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire – the traditional comparative bilingual approach did not offer effective ways to improve the poorly adapted items or mediate disagreement between experts (Chang et al., 1999), and the causes of score differences is unknown.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
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“For example, scale translation across languages is not only impacted by the literal conversion of concepts from one language to another, but also the cultural and societal norms of the target population (Cha et al., 2007; Chang et al., 1999; Yu et al., 2004).”
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“If misconducted, it can compromise both the validity and reliability of the translated instrument [57].”

Authors: Chang, A. M., Chau, J. P. C., & Holroyd, E.
Affiliations: Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
ORCID: Chau, Janita P.C.
Holroyd, Eleanor
Venue: Journal of Advanced Nursing
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1999-02
Volume: 29
Issue: 2
Pages: 316-322
ISSN: 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
1365-2648
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00891.x
OpenAlex: W2059004711
Cited by: 209
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 14.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1058 d)
Locations: Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
Keywords: Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, questionnaire translation, cross-cultural equivalence, Chinese translation, back-translation, menstrual distress, psychometric validation, kappa agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient
MeSH terms: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Hong Kong, Humans, Premenstrual Syndrome, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Translating, Reproducibility of Results, Cross-Over Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric

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