The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evaluation of qualitative research
Abstract
Summary: • It is necessary to subject published research to critical scrutiny, in order to evaluate the robustness of the findings. • The criteria used in evaluation require to be appropriate for the research paradigm, i.e. quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative conceptualizations of reliability and validity are unsuitable for evaluation of qualitative research as they were not devised for this purpose. • The use of quantitative criteria to evaluate qualitative research may create the impression that the latter is not academically rigorous. • Evaluation criteria which are specific to qualitative research require identification and application, in order to provide a formalized and rigorous approach to critical appraisal. • A formalized framework for evaluation will help to ensure that the contribution of qualitative studies, with specific reference to health services research, receives optimum recognition. • The work of a number of writers is used in this paper to examine the features which distinguish qualitative research and the following are discussed: • the need for researcher reflexivity; • the use of the ‘first person’ in academic work; • the context in which research takes place; • the selection of research participants; • the interpretation of participants' accounts; • the active acknowledgement of ‘lay’ knowledge; • researcher flexibility within the research process; • the generalizability of findings. • It is concluded that academically rigorous criteria, which are appropriate for evaluation of qualitative research, exist and are available for use by practitioners and researchers.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Moreover, for evaluating qualitative research, quantitative conceptualizations of reliability and validity are proven to be incompatible (Horsburgh, 2003).”
From Criteria for Good Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as Horsburgh, 2003
Citations
Cites
Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques.
Ellis, C., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074814 · Cited by 29,296
Handbook of Qualitative Research
Crozier, G., Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3121684 · Cited by 26,666
Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques
Long, D. R., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1993) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/328955 · Cited by 17,625
Handbook of Qualitative Research.
Fine, G. A., Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1995) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2076550 · Cited by 7,800
Ethnography: Principles and Practice
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (1983) · Cited by 7,730
(2014) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446294406.n148 · Cited by 7,272
Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide To Qualitative Observation And Analysis
Lofland, J., & , J. (1971) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College) · Cited by 5,625
Ethnography and Qualitative Design in Educational Research
LeCompte, M. D., Preissle, J., & Tesch, R. (1984) · Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec government) · Cited by 4,262
Delmont, S., & Mason, J. (1997) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/591613 · Cited by 4,245
Ethnography: Principles in Practice.
Gibbons, J. A., Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (1986) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2070079 · Cited by 1,619
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Glaser B.G., 1978, Theoretical Sensitivity
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–460 of 460
Unwin, K. L. (2019) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Osakwe, G. N. (2020) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Chauke, T. (2020) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa)
Broadening Perspectives: Using Multiple Teaching Approaches to Meet the Needs of Language Students
Taylor, K. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/86e4-2224
Cavanagh, M. E. (2020) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.206173
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP SUCCESSION PLANNING: STUDY ON A MALAYSIAN GLC
Shukor, S. A., & Hussain, S. (2019) · Journal of Governance and Integrity · doi:10.15282/jgi.3.1.2019.5420
Le, A. T. H. (2017) · Acquire (CQUniversity) · doi:10.25946/13437176
Defining Health and Health-Related Behaviors Following a Near-Death Experience
Robertson PhD, S. C. (2006) · Digital USD (University of San Diego) · doi:10.22371/07.2006.012
The early specialization in hockey of professional NHL players from winnipeg
Poplawski, B. (2017) · Mspace (University of Manitoba)
Russell, S. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.227143
Safarnejad, A. (2017) · doi:10.26481/dis.20171123as
&NA; (2006) · Journal of Infusion Nursing · doi:10.1097/00129804-200601001-00023
Leadership for instructional improvement
Garceau, M. (2012) · doi:10.17760/d20002867
Ein Mixed-Method-Ansatz zur Zufriedenheitsmessung
Gelbrich, K., Wünschmann, S., & Leuteritz, A. (2007) · Gabler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-9258-1_54
Motherhood as a protean career for educated mothers in Australia
Isaac, M. F. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.212505
Becoming the new normal the second time around
Bergson, L. (2016) · doi:10.17760/d20204831
Baron, Y. J., Hatton, A. L., McKeon, P. O., Rome, K., Martin, D., & Dixon, J. (2019) · doi:10.21203/rs.2.10505/v1
Supporting evidence-based service delivery and organisation
Satherley, P., Allen, D. A., & Lyne, P. A. (2007) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/01258363-200712000-00009
The Politics of Arab Pop: Arab Pop Music, Popular Culture, and Gender Norms in Lebanon
Saleh, L. (2021) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2021-14490
Fighting for our lives: First Nations suicide interventions.
akii, B. O. A. N. D. H. W. K. T. (2008) · doi:10.24124/2008/bpgub522
(2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80117-478-720220010
When in doubt, it's not out! leg-before-wicket (LBW) decision-making of elite-level cricket umpires
Adie, J. M. (2022) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.232519
Kuhnke, J. L., & Jack-Malik, S. (2022) · LEARNing Landscapes · doi:10.36510/learnland.v15i1.1071 · Cited by 1
Khati, A., Wickersham, J. A., Rosen, A. O., Luces, J. R., Copenhaver, N., Jeri‐Wahrhaftig, A., Halim, M. A. A., Azwa, I., Gautam, K., Ooi, K. H., et al. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.42939
Daigou: Transnational Flows, Relatedness, and the Reproduction of the Chinese Family
Sandal, M. J. (2023) · doi:10.7146/aulsps-e.475 · Cited by 1
5-6-vuotiaiden lasten pelot sairaalassa
Talka, V. L. (2009) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)
Mapukata, N. O. (2022) · Gender questions · doi:10.25159/2412-8457/11223
Practices, J. O. S. F. (2014) · Journal of solution-focused brief therapy · doi:10.59874/001c.75131
Hegemony and Decolonising Research Praxis: A Researcher’s Journey in the Peripheries of Pakistan
Bano, A. (2023) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110780567-011
Altiok, R. (2024) · M/C Journal · doi:10.5204/mcj.3067
Abo‐Zena, M. M., & Rana, M. (2024) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel15111344 · Cited by 1
A Comparative Study of the Clinical Risk Management of Public and Private Hospitals in Ghana
AsewehAbor, P. (2025) · Journal of Health Management · doi:10.1177/09720634241305064
Evidence-based mental health nursing practice
Callaghan, P., & Crawford, P. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780192864048.003.0003
Exploring Metaverse in Future from Experts Perspective
Ge, B., & Noor, N. H. M. (2023) · Forum Komunikasi · doi:10.24191/fk.v18i1.2023_09
Establishing the Methodological Tree
Brown, K. G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-98952-0_2
Sekano, L., & Semelane, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5472869
de Davila, S. A. (2014) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Polikliinisen hoitotyön autonomia ja sitä edistävät tekijät
Virtanen, T. (2010) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)
Organizational Involvement in Carbon Mitigation: The New Zealand Public Sector
Birchall, S. J. (2013) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/5290
Akinwande, T., & Hui, E. C. M. (2025) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.70583
Supervising interpretive research in doctoral social work education
Leichtentritt, R. D. (2026) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/14733250261449577
Sampson-Chappell, L. (2026) · Creativity, education and the arts. · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05412-8_12
What makes good digital time? Finding the balance between productivity and control
Schoetensack, C., Černohorská, V., Goncikowska, K., Chappuis, S., Klegr, T., Giner-Domínguez, G., Witowska, J., Papastamatelou, J., Wittmann, M., Valenzuela, R., et al. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101219
Wang, C. J. (2026) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mnag048
Salami, B. O., Akingbade, O., Olukotun, M., Amodu, O. C., Johnson, N. A., Oluwasina, F., Lehman, J., Olanlesi-Aliu, A., Kemei, J., Onabadejo, J., et al. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/94318
Heavy metal media: Music, representation and the Lebanese discourse
Mitri, T. F., & Issa, D. (2026) · Metal Music Studies · doi:10.1386/mms_00217_1
Alao, A., Sarivaara, E. K., Uusiautti, S., & Javaid, S. F. (2026) · Nordic Journal of Art and Research · doi:10.7577/ar.6517
Brazilian And Nigerian International Students? Conceptions Of Learning
Ashong, C. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/6485648
Yeats, R. M. (2013) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Understanding organizational identity in UK charities
Ward, M. D. (2013) · ChesterRep (University of Chester)
Metadata
- Authors
- Horsburgh, D.
- Affiliations
- Edinburgh Napier University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Horsburgh, Dorothy
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 307-312
- ISSN
- 0962-1067 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2702
- OpenAlex
- W2147457178
- Cited by
- 459
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 40.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Keywords
- critical appraisal, evaluation criteria, researcher reflexivity, first person, lay knowledge, generalizability, research participant selection, health services research, research rigor
- MeSH terms
- Evaluation Studies as Topic, Research Design, Reproducibility of Results, Nursing Research, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review