Cited by 744Stress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and DisordersHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

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Functional Cross‐Talk Between the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal and ‐Adrenal Axes

Viau, V.·2002·Journal of Neuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00798.x

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Abstract

Under normal conditions, the adrenal glucocorticoids, the endproduct of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, provide a frontline of defence against threats to homeostasis (i.e. stress). On the other hand, chronic HPA drive and glucocorticoid hypersecretion have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of systemic, neurodegenerative and affective disorders. The HPA axis is subject to gonadal influence, indicated by sex differences in basal and stress HPA function and neuropathologies associated with HPA dysfunction. Functional cross‐talk between the gonadal and adrenal axes is due in large part to the interactive effects of sex steroids and glucocorticoids, explaining perhaps why several disease states linked to stress are sex‐dependent. Realizing the interactive nature by which the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal and HPA systems operate, however, has made it difficult to model how these hormones act in the brain. Manipulation of one endocrine system is not without effects on the other. Simultaneous manipulation and assessment of both endocrine systems can overcome this problem. This dual approach in the male rat reveals that testosterone can act and interact on different aspects of basal and stress HPA function. Basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release is regulated by testosterone‐dependent effects on arginine vasopressin synthesis, and corticosterone‐dependent effects on corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) synthesis in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. In contrast, testosterone and corticosterone interact on stress‐induced ACTH release and drive to the PVN motor neurones. Candidate structures mediating this interaction include several testosterone‐sensitive afferents to the HPA axis, including the medial preoptic area, central and medial amygdala and bed nuclei of the stria terminalis. All of these relay homeostatic information and integrate reproductive and social behaviour. Because these modalities are affected by stress in humans, a dual systems approach holds great promise in establishing further links between the neuroendocrinology of stress and the central bases of sex‐dependent disorders, including psychiatric, cardiovascular and metabolic disease.

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Authors: Viau, V.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Viau, V.
ORCID: Viau, V.
Venue: Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2002-05-29
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Pages: 506-513
ISSN: 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
1365-2826
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00798.x
OpenAlex: W2161277545
Cited by: 744
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 46
FWCI: 1.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords: hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, testosterone, corticosterone, sex steroids, glucocorticoids, stress, ACTH, vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing factor, paraventricular nucleus, medial preoptic area, central amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, sex differences
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Gonads, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Testosterone

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Functional Cross‐Talk Between the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal and ‐Adrenal Axes

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