The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effectiveness of problem‐based learning curricula: theory, practice and paper darts
Abstract
In a recent review article, Colliver concluded that there was no convincing evidence that problem‐based learning was more effective than conventional methods. He then went on to lay part of the blame on cognitive psychology, claiming that ‘the theory is weak, its theoretical concepts are imprecise... the basic research is contrived and ad hoc ’. This paper challenges these claims and presents evidence that (a) cognitive research is not contrived and irrelevant, (b) curriculum level interventions are doomed to fail and (c) education needs more theory‐based research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.12.1181 · Cited by 2,033
Perceptual recognition as a function of meaningfulness of stimulus material
Reicher, G. M. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027768 · Cited by 1,252
Problems in the “Evidence” of “Evidence-Based Medicine”
Feinstein, A. R., & Horwitz, R. I. (1997) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00244-1 · Cited by 653
Maudsley, G. (1999) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199902000-00016 · Cited by 367
Cited by
Does Active Learning Work? A Review of the Research
Prince, M. (2004) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2004.tb00809.x · Cited by 7,334
Koh, G. C.-H., Khoo, H. E., Wong, M. L., & Koh, D. (2008) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.070565 · Cited by 659
Van Melle, E., Frank, J. R., Holmboe, E. S., Dagnone, D., Stockley, D., & Sherbino, J. (2019) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000002743 · Cited by 451
Şendağ, S., & Ferhan Odabaşı, H. (2009) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.008 · Cited by 441
Anatomical dissection as a teaching method in medical school: a review of the evidence
Winkelmann, A. (2007) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02625.x · Cited by 411
Metadata
- Authors
- Norman, G. R., & Schmidt, H. G.
- Venue
- Medical Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 721-728
- ISSN
- 0308-0110 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2923
- OpenAlex
- W2139499599
- Cited by
- 713
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 117.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effectiveness of problem‐based learning curricula: theory, practice and paper darts. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00749.x
- The paper
- Norman, G. R., & Schmidt, H. G. (2000). Effectiveness of problem‐based learning curricula: theory, practice and paper darts. Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00749.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.