The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Co‐ordination of Legionella pneumophila virulence with entry into stationary phase by ppGpp
Open accessAbstract
Legionella pneumophila survives in aquatic environments, but replicates within amoebae or the alveolar macrophages of immunocompromised individuals. Here, the signal transduction pathway that co‐ordinates L. pneumophila virulence expression in response to amino acid depletion was investigated. To facilitate kinetic and genetic studies, a phenotypic reporter of virulence was engineered by fusing flaA promoter sequences to a gene encoding green fluorescent protein. When subjected to amino acid depletion, L. pneumophila accumulated ppGpp and converted from a replicative to a virulent state, as judged by motility and sodium sensitivity. ppGpp appeared to initiate this response, as L. pneumophila induced to express the Escherichia coli RelA ppGpp synthetase independently of nutrient depletion accumulated ppGpp, exited the exponential growth phase and expressed flaAgfp, motility, sodium sensitivity, cytotoxicity and infectivity, five traits correlated with virulence. Although coincident with the stationary phase, L. pneumophila virulence expression appeared to require an additional factor: mutant Lp120 accumulated ppGpp and acquired two stationary phase traits but none of six virulence phenotypes analysed. We propose that, when nutrients are limiting, ppGpp acts as an alarmone, triggering the expression of multiple traits that enable L. pneumophila to escape its spent host, to survive and disperse in the environment and to re‐establish a protected intracellular replication niche.
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Self-citationThe molecular ecology of legionellae
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Luo, Z.-Q., & Isberg, R. R. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0304916101 · Cited by 477
The stringent response and physiological roles of (pp)pGpp in bacteria.
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NLRs at the intersection of cell death and immunity
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Regulation of Bacterial Virulence by Csr (Rsm) Systems
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hammer, B. K., & Swanson, M. S.
- Venue
- Molecular Microbiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 721-731
- ISSN
- 0950-382X (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2958
- OpenAlex
- W2110276933
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 6.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Hammer, B. K., & Swanson, M. S. (1999). Co‐ordination of Legionella pneumophila virulence with entry into stationary phase by ppGpp. Molecular Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01519.x
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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