The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Feeding behaviour of cod (Gadus morhua) in relation to spawning
Open accessAbstract
The food consumption and egg production of 26 adult (13 female and 13 male) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were monitored during prespawning, spawning and postspawning periods. Females spawned from late January to mid-April. Feeding activity occurred from December to early January and ceased for females, on average, 36 days (15–54 days) before the onset of spawning. The duration of spawning by females was, on average, 42 days (10–61 days) and feeding was suppressed by both sexes during the first three-quarters of each female’s spawning period. Mature females went, on average, 70 days or 19% of the year without eating. An abrupt increase in feeding activity, particularly by females, occurred during the last quarter of spawning or shortly after the release of the last egg batch (on average, feeding started again after 91% of a female’s eggs had been released or 82% of egg batches). Females consumed greater quantities of food than males during both winter and postspawning feeding periods. During spawning, females lost, on average, 29% of their body weight and males 14%. Fecundity ranged from 0.75 to 3.97 million eggs per female. The volume of eggs produced by four individual females (range = 1285–5995 ml in four to 11 batches) ranged from 99 to 195% (mean 150%) of a female’s postspawning body volume. Six immature cod fed throughout the experimental period and gained, on average, 8% of initial body weight. Laboratory results were supported by stomach fullness index values of Georges Bank cod exhibiting different maturity states.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These results indicated that lionfish increased feeding in the months between likely periods of reproduction, which may have allowed energy reserves to be replenished (Fordham and Trippel, 1999).”
From Reproductive biology of invasive lionfish (Pterois spp.) (2015) · cites this paper as Fordham and Trippel, 1999
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- W[S[^Randall\ D[J[^Donaldson\ E[M[ "Eds#\ 0872] Fish physi! ology\ Vol[ 8[ Reproduction\ Part A\ Endocrine tissues and hormones[ Academic Press\ New York[ Jobling\ M[\ 0871] Food and growth relationships of the cod Gadus morhua L[\ with special references to Balsfjorden\ north Norway[ J[ Fish Biol[ 10\ 246Ð260[ Kjesbu\ O[S[\ 0878] The spawning activity of cod\ Gadus morhua L[ J[ Fish Biol[ 23\ 084Ð195[ Kjesbu\ O[S[^Klungso Âyr\ J[^Kryvi\ H[^Wittames\ P[R[^Greer Walker\ M[\ 0880] Fecundity\ atresia\ and egg size of captive Atlantic cod "Gadus morhua# in relation to proximate body consumption[ Can J[ Fish[ Aquat[ Sci[ 37\ 1222Ð1232
- address] [ A[ Trippel\ Fisheries and Oceans Canada\ Bio! logical Station\ St[ Andrews\ New Brunswick\ Canada\ E9G 1X9 14390426, 1999, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1439-0426.1999.00098.x by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [30/08/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–119 of 119
Ghosh, S. (2023) · Journal of Coastal Research · doi:10.2112/jcoastres-d-23-00003.1 · Cited by 1
“Also, batch spawning is a necessity for highly fecund species, where physical limitation occurs when the hydration phase of eggs takes place (Fordham and Trippel, 1999).”
BackgroundMaklad, E., Mehrim, A. I., & Mohamed, M. Z. A. (2016) · International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology · doi:10.20546/ijcrbp.2016.309.004 · Cited by 1
“Thus, there is likely to be more space available for food within a male compared to a female’s body (Fordham and Trippel, 1999).”
BackgroundStewart, J. E., Cossette, S. N., & Somers, C. M. (2024) · Fisheries Research · doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107227 · Cited by 1
Study of Reproduction Biology of Lionfish Pterois Miles (Scorpaenidae) in Syrian Marine Waters
Fandi, A., Hammoud, V., Zeini, A., & Arraj, T. (2023) · Scientific Journal of King Faisal University Basic and Applied Sciences · doi:10.37575/b/sci/220048
Studies on the biological traits of exploited demersal fishes
Yoneda, M. (2006) · NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI · doi:10.2331/suisan.72.823 · Cited by 1
Kopiejewska, W., & Kozłowski, J. (2010) · Polish Journal of Natural Science · doi:10.2478/v10020-010-0015-9
“Batch spawning, according to BURT et al. (1988), FORDHAM and TRIPPEL (1999) is linked to small body size and relatively small size of the ovaries.”
MethodVitale, F. (2008) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Krumsick, K. J. (2014) · Memorial University Research Repository (Memorial University)
Genetic management of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) hatchery populations.
Herlin, M. (2007) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)
Alacağın temliki ve borcun nakli
Esat, A. (1954) · doi:10.1501/0001399
Cowan, M. E. (2011) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)
Lloret, J., Shulman, G., & Love, R. M. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118752777.refs
Study of Mouth Depth for Some Local Cyprinidae
Ghazwan, M. I. (2023) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012131
Feeding habits of splendid alfonsino Beryx splendens in the vicinity of Kuroshio, the south of Japan
Kodama, T., Ishii, K., Horii, S., Gonda, N., Yonezawa, J., Ando, K., & Takahashi, K. (2024) · Fisheries Oceanography · doi:10.1111/fog.12703
Stewart, J., & Somers, C. M. (2025) · Fisheries Management and Ecology · doi:10.1111/fme.70012
Lorillard, G. F., Durif, C. M. F., Cresci, A., Skiftesvik, A. B., Browman, H. I., Bjelland, R. M., Thorsen, A., Zhang, G., Sivle, L. D., & Perrichon, P. (2025) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107811
Kim, D. J., Jo, H. J., Yoon, J. K., Kim, G. B., Ahn, J. M., & Baeck, G. W. (2025) · Journal of Ichthyology · doi:10.1134/s0032945225600909
“Most fish species actively accumulate nutrients before spawning to support gonadal development, during which larger prey items are preferred over smaller ones (Bond, 1979; Fordham and Trippel, 1999).”
Selezņova, M., Kruze, E., Cīrulis, A., Baranova, T., Mateusa, M., Šics, I., Heimrāts, K., Gruduls, J., Briekmane, L., & Deksne, G. (2025) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes11010020
“Still, in the wild, males establish spawning areas, are more stationary than females, and participate in spawning for longer periods than female cod, which also means going for extended periods without food [58].”
Ageeva, T. N., Joensen, S., Martinsen, G., Tobiassen, T. I., & Esaiassen, M. (2026) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103681
Metadata
- Authors
- Fordham, B. S. E., & Trippel, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Ichthyology
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0175-8659 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-0426
- OpenAlex
- W2116779796
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Ichthyology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fordham University
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Marine and fisheries research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
- Keywords
- Gadus morhua, feeding behaviour, spawning, dietary intake, egg production, fecundity, weight loss, sex differences, maturity, stomach fullness index, Georges Bank
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
