Empty ethics: the problem with informed consent

“(Corrigan 2003; p. 787).”

“Informed consent as an ethical panacea counters autocratic and paternalistic healthcare practice and emphasises the patient’s right to be fully informed and to be able to freely choose between available therapeutic modalities [52].”

“The content and effect of the principle of informed consent in biomedicine have been widely debated since 1972 (see, i.e. Beauchamp 2011, Corrigan 2003, Hoeyer 2006, Manson and O’Neill 2007).”

“Critics of bioethics have argued that abstract ethical principles, such as ‘overall benefit’ are prescriptive, and are never straightforwardly reflected in the moral concerns and everyday decision-making of health professionals and patients (Corrigan, 2003; Hedgecoe, 2004, p. 124).”

“A core principle is that individuals should be free to make their own decisions according to their own judgements about whether to participate in research, this underpins the need to secure informed consent (Corrigan, 2003; O’Neill, 2003).”

“How informed consent can and should be is of course a long-running and ongoing debate that is unlikely to be much affected be the results of a single study (Boyd, 2015; Corrigan, 2003).”

“( Corrigan, 2003, p. 769) Atthesametime,consentinmedicalresearchisnotthesameasconsentinsocialscienceresearch(Hoeyeretal.,2005) andconsentformedicalproceduresisnotthesameasconsentineverydaylife.”

“Perhaps the historic document most frequently cited in this narrative is ‘The Nuremberg Code’ (1947), drafted in response to the violence of Nazi doctors against the bodies of primarily Jewish prisoners, in the name of ‘science’ (Chelouche 2005; Corrigan 2003).”

“Informed consent is often viewed central to research ethics (given prominence in review possibly above other ethical considerations) and has been described as functioning as an “ethical panacea” functioning to counteract potentially paternalistic and autocratic practices (Corrigan 2003, 769).”

“O resultado esperado à maior e mais efetiva implementação e às revisões do consentimento livre e esclarecido para uma proteção abrangente aos direitos e ao bem-estar dos indivíduos, oferecendo-lhes a oportunidade de fazer escolhas conscientes e informadas (20).”

“Even within the gold standard sphere of bioethics, consent has become abstracted from the social context sufficiently to allow it to be considered ethically ‘empty’ [3].”

“…(2001–2005) education requirements summarized (interview data years) Institutional Review Board practices, and in professional bioethics (e.g., Corrigan, 2003; Halpern, 2004; De Vries, 2004; Evans, 2002), this paper contributes an important but largely missing perspective of how scientists…”

“769).(37) We are not arguing that consent should be dispensed with but that regulatory processes permit a reasonable debate about consent in context.”

“The need to collect informed consent from the subjects participating in therapeutic research is a good example, the subject of a vast literature on its concrete manifestations (Corrigan 2003).”

“As the limitations of this thin, the procedural version of informed consent becomes clearer, and proposals for a more robust, shared decision-making model are gaining traction (Corrigan 2003; Pope 2017).”

“Based on frictions in the implementation of this official campaign frame in the two key groups’ everyday experiences, we also discuss the thematic of understanding vaccine information and competence to make an informed choice (cf. Coonagh, 2003; Petherick et al., 2016).”

“Of course, the complexities and limitations of informed consent are well noted (Corrigan, 2003; Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2002; O’Neill, 2003).”

“Such research also highlights the importance of a clear understanding among potentially eligible participants of the concept of clinical equipoise, of threats to recruitment because of patient preferences(66,67) and of tensions in the process of informed consent.(68) As part of testing the trial procedures in the ligh…”

“More recently, various authors have illustrated how foundational bioethical concepts like “autonomy” and “informed consent” are used in ways that exploit vulnerable populations, such as the poor and disabled.(4) These sources show that we bioethicists, rather than looking for new issues, would do better to look at our…”

“Given the limitations to consent being informed prior to participation in clinical trials, patients may not be aware of the risks and benefits of this broad and open consent ( Corrigan 2003 ).”

“The categories used in ethical debate merely reflect those that exist in the ethical theory that is being applied – but these are not necessarily reflective of how those categories are perceived by the subjects, as Corrigan’s [21] work on the nature of informed consent in clinical drug trials demonstrated.”

“Legislative mandates to document the provision of information in this fashion encourages “empty ethics” (Corrigan, 2003), over-emphasizing documentation rather than the social process of decision-making.”

“Empirical research has widely and continuously been shown to add rich additions and insights into theoretical bioethical debates in the clinical realm ( Corrigan 2003 ; Ehrich et al.”

“However, some steps were taken to strengthen Severina’s and her husband Rosivaldo’s process of decision-making (Miller and Brody 2003; Corrigan 2003).”

“This being the case, choice provision risks becoming ‘empty ethics’ (Corrigan, 2003).”

“Until recently, ethical discussions on such issues focused on the breadth of interpretation that the notion of “informed consent” could embrace without the procedure being emptied of meaning and dismissed from its protective role [5], [13].”

“With some important exceptions (Brosnan, et al., 2013; Corrigan, 2003; Cribb et al., 2008), sociology has in the main continued to occupy a ‘handmaiden’ role to bioethics in debates about the significance of bio-related developments.”

“…established doctor/patient relationship, which suggests that patients assume that the doctor is acting exclusively in the patient’s best interests (Corrigan 2003): I’ve got a lot of trust in health professionals, I would say, particularly in my more or less limited experience, sexual health…”

“As research has been subject to greater regulation, scholars (Wiles et al., 2005; Tinker & Coomber, 2004; Corrigan, 2003) have pressed for a relativist approach to ethical guidance that reflects the social complexity of these encounters: the prior experience of participants seems worthy of further…”

“This study upholds strict ethical standards, including informed consent, confidentiality, and the right to withdraw at any time(Corrigan, 2003).”

“The common perception is that RECs, at times, have a paternalistic attitude towards research participants, with the risk of depriving them of individual agency and restricting rather than enabling their opportunity for participation [49, 55].”

“As anthropological and sociological theories point out (Corrigan 2003; Edozien 2015; Felt 2009; Mol 2008), the main purpose of informed consent – a procedure introduced in Italy in the early 2000s – is the implementation of the right to choose.”

“…powerfully that informed consent, and the principle of autonomy which underscores it, has become the most fetishized ethical rule (Hammersley 2015) and even an ‘ethical panacea’ (Corrigan 2003) within social science research in the sense that it is esteemed above and beyond all other guidelines.”

“It is important to consider power relations in research because most social research on volunteering in clinical trials has been limited to research on volunteers, specifically patient groups (Corrigan, 2003; Evans, 2004; Slevin et al., 1995).”

“Denne tænkning begrænses af, at kommunikative aspekter, som beror på forskeres og forsøgspersoners agens, nedtones (Manson & O’Neill 2007: 48–49, 68–69), og at det i vid udstrækning ignoreres, at samtykke må forstås i relation til den sociokulturelle kontekst, hvori det afgives (Corrigan 2003).”

“evaluation [ 8-10 ]. Ethical issues in population-based surveys include informed safety, informed consent, confidentiality, and reporting findings of testing.”

“In 1964, the World Medical Association (WMA), comprised of 100 delegates from 32 national medical associations, met in Helsinki, Finland, to draft more comprehensive human research guidelines and distinguish between therapeutic and nontherapeutic research (Corrigan, 2003).”

“Yet while informed consent promotes individual, autonomous choice, it also “ignores the cultural context within which the process of consent takes place” (Corrigan, 2003, p. 770).”

“Others are often considered “social,” “ethical” or “legal,” notably how one ensures that adequate informed consent to data use, maintains public trust in data systems or meets legal and regulatory requirements (Corrigan, 2003; Carter et al., 2015; Aitken et al., 2016).”

“…controversies about decisions regarding which patients should receive life-prolonging care when demand exceeds resources (Campbell et al., 2020; Sayburn, 2020) or about what counts as informed consent (Corrigan, 2003) in respect of new types of vaccinations under emergency use authorization.”

“7 Estratto dall’intervista realizzata il 20 febbraio 2015. spiegare in maniera approfondita i trattamenti proposti, e le conseguenze che ne derivano, è comunque poco (Corrigan 2003).”

“…(Brives, 2012 ; Whyte, 2009), les conditions matérielles, éthiques, relationnelles de réalisation des études cliniques (Bonnet, 2003 ; Chippaux, 2004 ; Corrigan, 2003 ; Hyder et Wali, 2006 ; Leach et al., 1999), les représentations que les acteurs (personnes participant aux études et…”