The DOI matches its Crossref record; 220 of the 222 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plant resistance towards insect herbivores: a dynamic interaction
Abstract
Summary: Plant defences against insect herbivores can be divided into ‘static’ or constitutive defences, and ‘active’ or induced defences, although the insecticidal compounds or proteins involved are often the same. Induced defences have aspects common to all plants, whereas the accumulation of constitutive defences is species‐specific. Insect herbivores activate induced defences both locally and systemically by signalling pathways involving systemin, jasmonate, oligogalacturonic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Plants also respond to insect attack by producing volatiles, which can be used to deter herbivores, to communicate between parts of the plant, or between plants, to induce defence responses. Plant volatiles are also an important component in indirect defence. Herbivorous insects have adapted to tolerate plant defences, and such adaptations can also be constitutive or induced. Insects whose plant host range is limited are more likely to show constitutive adaptation to the insecticidal compounds they will encounter, whereas insects which feed on a wide range of plant species often use induced adaptations to overcome plant defences. Both plant defence and insect adaptation involve a metabolic cost, and in a natural system most plant–insect interactions involving herbivory reach a ‘stand‐off’ where both host and herbivore survive but develop suboptimally. Contents Summary 145 I. Introduction 146 II. Accumulation of defensive compounds and induced resistance 146 III. Signalling pathways in wound‐induced resistance 147 IV. Insect modulation of the wounding response 155 V. Insects which evade the wounding response 156 VI. Insect‐induced emission of volatiles and tritrophic interactions 157 VII. Insect adaptation to plant defences 160 Conclusions 163 Acknowlegements 163 References 163
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Alternatively, when the herbivore is the initial agent, plants frequently activate metabolic pathways that produce jasmonic acid that, in turn, cascade many metabolic signals involved in disease resistance (1,20,23,24).”
Citations
Cites
BUTTERFLIES AND PLANTS: A STUDY IN COEVOLUTION
Ehrlich, P. R., & Raven, P. H. (1964) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1964.tb01674.x · Cited by 4,501
THE OXIDATIVE BURST IN PLANT DISEASE RESISTANCE
Lamb, C. J., & Dixon, R. A. (1997) · Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.251 · Cited by 3,219
Defensive Function of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatile Emissions in Nature
Keßler, A., & Baldwin, I. T. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5511.2141 · Cited by 2,191
Secondary metabolites in plant defence mechanisms
BENNETT, R. N., & WALLSGROVE, R. M. (1994) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02968.x · Cited by 1,654
Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry
(1993) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-03518-1 · Cited by 1,507
Sticher, L., Mauch‐Mani, B., & Métraux, A. J. (1997) · Annual Review of Phytopathology · doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.35.1.235 · Cited by 1,436
The Myriad Plant Responses to Herbivores
Walling, L. L. (2000) · Journal of Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s003440000026 · Cited by 1,405
Coordinated plant defense responses in Arabidopsis revealed by microarray analysis
Schenk, P. M., Kazan, K., Wilson, I. W., Anderson, J. P., Richmond, T., Somerville, S. C., & Manners, J. M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.21.11655 · Cited by 1,370
Farmer, E. E., & Ryan, C. A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.19.7713 · Cited by 1,362
Herbivore-infested plants selectively attract parasitoids
Moraes, C. Μ. D., LEWIS, W. J., Paré, P. W., Alborn, H. T., & Tumlinson, J. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31219 · Cited by 1,320
Differential Gene Expression in Response to Mechanical Wounding and Insect Feeding in Arabidopsis
Reymond, P., Weber, H. H., Damond, M., & Farmer, E. E. (2000) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.12.5.707 · Cited by 1,229
Plant Volatiles as a Defense against Insect Herbivores
Paré, P. W., & Tumlinson, J. H. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.121.2.325 · Cited by 1,217
The formation and function of plant volatiles: perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense
Pichersky, E., & Gershenzon, J. (2002) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00251-0 · Cited by 1,193
Álvarez, M. E., Pennell, R. I., Meijer, P., Ishikawa, A., Dixon, R. A., & Lamb, C. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81405-1 · Cited by 1,150
Feyereisen, R. (1999) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.507 · Cited by 1,070
Natural protein proteinase inhibitors and their interaction with proteinases
Bode, W., & Huber, R. (1992) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16654.x · Cited by 1,044
Caterpillar-induced nocturnal plant volatiles repel conspecific females
Moraes, C. Μ. D., Mescher, M. C., & Tumlinson, J. H. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35069058 · Cited by 1,018
An Elicitor of Plant Volatiles from Beet Armyworm Oral Secretion
Alborn, H. T., Turlings, T. C. J., Jones, T. H., Stenhagen, G., Loughrin, J. H., & Tumlinson, J. H. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5314.945 · Cited by 998
A novel mechanism of insect resistance engineered into tobacco
Hilder, V. A., Gatehouse, A. M. R., Sheerman, S. E., Barker, R. F., & Boulter, D. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/330160a0 · Cited by 927
Orozco-Cárdenas, M. L., Narváez-Vásquez, J., & Ryan, C. A. (2001) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.13.1.179 · Cited by 889
Orozco-Cárdenas, M. L., & Ryan, C. A. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6553 · Cited by 837
Stintzi, A., & Browse, J. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.190264497 · Cited by 834
Jasmonate is essential for insect defense in Arabidopsis
McConn, M. M., Creelman, R. A., Bell, E., Mullet, J. E., & Browse, J. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5473 · Cited by 810
Milligan, S. B., Bodeau, J. P., Yaghoobi, J., Kaloshian, I., Zabel, P., & Williamson, V. M. (1998) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.10.8.1307 · Cited by 804
Sympatric Speciation in Phytophagous Insects: Moving Beyond Controversy?
Berlocher, S. H., & Feder, J. L. (2002) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145312 · Cited by 792
Jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase: A key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses
Seo, H. S., Song, J. T., Cheong, J., Lee, Y., Lee, Y., Hwang, I., Lee, J. S., & Choi, Y. D. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.081557298 · Cited by 774
MAPK cascades in plant defense signaling
Zhang, S., & Klessig, D. F. (2001) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02103-3 · Cited by 773
León, J., Rojo, E., & Sánchez‐Serrano, J. J. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.354.1 · Cited by 773
Herbivory-induced volatiles elicit defence genes in lima bean leaves
Arimura, G., Ozawa, R., Shimoda, T., Nishioka, T., Boland, W., & Takabayashi, J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35020072 · Cited by 763
The nematode resistance gene Mi of tomato confers resistance against the potato aphid
Rossi, M., Goggin, F. L., Milligan, S. B., Kaloshian, I., Ullman, D. E., & Williamson, V. M. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.9750 · Cited by 759
How caterpillar-damaged plants protect themselves by attracting parasitic wasps.
Turlings, T. C. J., Loughrin, J. H., McCall, P. J., Röse, U. S. R., LEWIS, W. J., & Tumlinson, J. H. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.10.4169 · Cited by 757
The myrosinase‐glucosinolate system, its organisation and biochemistry
Bones, A. M., & Rossiter, J. T. (1996) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00497.x · Cited by 752
Ethylene as a Signal Mediating the Wound Response of Tomato Plants
O'Donnell, P. J. M., Calvert, C. M., Atzorn, R., Wasternack, C. H., Leyser, O., & Bowles, D. J. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5294.1914 · Cited by 744
Jasmonate-induced responses are costly but benefit plants under attack in native populations
Baldwin, I. T. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8113 · Cited by 743
Plant defense in the absence of jasmonic acid: The role of cyclopentenones
Stintzi, A., Weber, H. H., Reymond, P., Browse, J., & Farmer, E. E. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.211311098 · Cited by 698
Fitness costs of induced resistance: emerging experimental support for a slippery concept
Heil, M. (2002) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02186-0 · Cited by 612
Glucosinolate research in the Arabidopsis era
Wittstock, U., & Halkier, B. A. (2002) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02273-2 · Cited by 611
Molecular Responses to Aphid Feeding in Arabidopsis in Relation to Plant Defense Pathways
Moran, P. J., & Thompson, G. A. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.125.2.1074 · Cited by 595
Constitutive plant toxins and their role in defense against herbivores and pathogens
Wittstock, U., & Gershenzon, J. (2002) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00264-9 · Cited by 588
The systemin signaling pathway: differential activation of plant defensive genes
Ryan, C. A. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00269-1 · Cited by 563
Oligosaccharide signalling for defence responses in plant
Shibuya, N., & Minami, E. (2001) · Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0364 · Cited by 536
The adaptation of insects to plant protease inhibitors
Jongsma, M. A., & Bolter, C. J. (1997) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(97)00040-1 · Cited by 533
Halitschke, R., Schittko, U., Pohnert, G., Boland, W., & Baldwin, I. T. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.125.2.711 · Cited by 513
Caterpillar saliva beats plant defences
Musser, R. O., Hum‐Musser, S. M., Eichenseer, H., Peiffer, M. L., Ervin, G. N., Murphy, J. B., & Felton, G. W. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416599a · Cited by 510
Oligogalacturonides and chitosan activate plant defensive genes through the octadecanoid pathway.
Doares, S. H., Syrovets, T., Weiler, E. W., & Ryan, C. A. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.10.4095 · Cited by 481
De Novo Biosynthesis of Volatiles Induced by Insect Herbivory in Cotton Plants
Paré, P. W., & Tumlinson, J. H. (1997) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.114.4.1161 · Cited by 480
Fatty acid-derived signals in plants
Weber, H. H. (2002) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02250-1 · Cited by 470
Howe, G. A., Lightner, J. E., Browse, J., & Ryan, C. A. (1996) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.8.11.2067 · Cited by 456
Jongsma, M. A., Bakker, P. L., Peters, J., Bosch, D., & Stiekema, W. J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.17.8041 · Cited by 454
New roles for cis -jasmone as an insect semiochemical and in plant defense
Birkett, M. A., Campbell, C. A. M., Chamberlain, K., Guerrieri, E., Hick, A. J., Martin, J. L., Matthes, M. C., Napier, J. A., Pettersson, J., Pickett, J. A., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.160241697 · Cited by 454
Structure, Expression, and Antisense Inhibition of the Systemin Precursor Gene
McGurl, B., Pearce, G., Orozco-Cárdenas, M. L., & Ryan, C. A. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1549783 · Cited by 446
C6‐volatiles derived from the lipoxygenase pathway induce a subset of defense‐related genes
Bate, N. J., & Rothstein, S. J. (1998) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00324.x · Cited by 422
Distinct roles for jasmonate synthesis and action in the systemic wound response of tomato
Li, L., Li, C., Lee, G. I., & Howe, G. A. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.072072599 · Cited by 401
Wu, G., Shortt, B. J., Lawrence, E. B., Levine, E. B., Fitzsimmons, K. C., & Shah, D. M. (1995) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.7.9.1357 · Cited by 391
Bi, J. L., & Felton, G. W. (1995) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf02035149 · Cited by 376
Lee, S., Choi, H., Suh, S., Doo, I.-S., Oh, K.-Y., Choi, E. J., Taylor, A., Low, P. S., & Lee, Y. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.121.1.147 · Cited by 362
Cost of Resistance to Natural Enemies in Field Populations of the Annual Plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Mauricio, R. (1998) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/286099 · Cited by 360
Costamagna, A. C., & Landis, D. A. (2006) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1619:petcos]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 358
Poecke, R. M. P. V., Posthumus, M. A., & Dicke, M. (2001) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1012213116515 · Cited by 358
Bown, D. P., Wilkinson, H. S., & Gatehouse, J. A. (1997) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(97)00043-x · Cited by 352
Self-citationConstabel, C. P., Bergey, D. R., & Ryan, C. A. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.2.407 · Cited by 351
The tomato Mi-1 gene confers resistance to both root-knot nematodes and potato aphids
Vos, P., Simons, G., Jesse, T., Wijbrandi, J., Heinen, L., Hogers, R. C. J., Frijters, A. C. J., Groenendijk, J., Diergaarde, P. J., Reijans, M., et al. (1998) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/4350 · Cited by 350
Kahl, J., Siemens, D. H., Aerts, R. J., Gäbler, R., Kühnemann, F., Preston, C. A., & Baldwin, I. T. (2000) · Planta · doi:10.1007/pl00008142 · Cited by 345
Experimental evidence that plants under caterpillar attack may benefit from attracting parasitoids
Hoballah, M. E., & Turlings, T. C. J. (2001) · Evolutionary ecology research · Cited by 340
Peña‐Cortés, H., Fisahn, J., & Willmitzer, L. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.10.4106 · Cited by 337
Allene oxide synthase: a major control point in Arabidopsis thaliana octadecanoid signalling
Laudert, D., & Weiler, E. W. (1998) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00245.x · Cited by 329
Enzymes of the biosynthesis of octadecanoid‐derived signalling molecules
Schaller, F. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.354.11 · Cited by 326
Advances In Insect Control: The Role Of Transgenic Plants
Carozzi, N. B., & Koziel, M. G. (2007) · Cited by 314
Jasmonate‐mediated induced plant resistance affects a community of herbivores
Thaler, J. S., Stout, M. J., Karban, R., & Duffey, S. S. (2001) · Ecological Entomology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00324.x · Cited by 311
Resistance to an Herbivore Through Engineered Cyanogenic Glucoside Synthesis
Tattersall, D. B., Bak, S., Jones, P. R., Olsen, C. E., Nielsen, J. K., Hansen, M. L., Høj, P. B., & Møller, B. L. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062249 · Cited by 310
Hermsmeier, D., Schittko, U., & Baldwin, I. T. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.125.2.683 · Cited by 308
Felton, G. W., Donato, K. K., Broadway, R. M., & Duffey, S. S. (1992) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/0022-1910(92)90128-z · Cited by 299
Röse, U. S. R., Manukian, A., Heath, R. R., & Tumlinson, J. H. (1996) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.111.2.487 · Cited by 291
Hydrogen peroxide and lignification
Olson, P., & Varner, J. E. (1993) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.04050887.x · Cited by 290
An herbivore elicitor activates the gene for indole emission in maize
Frey, M., Stettner, C., Paré, P. W., Schmelz, E. A., Tumlinson, J. H., & Gierl, A. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.260499897 · Cited by 289
Production of multiple plant hormones from a single polyprotein precursor
Pearce, G., de Moura, D. S., Stratmann, J. W., & Ryan, C. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35081107 · Cited by 283
Hydroperoxide lyase depletion in transgenic potato plants leads to an increase in aphid performance
Vancanneyt, G., Sanz, C., Farmaki, T., Paneque, M., Ortego, F., Castañera, P., & Sánchez‐Serrano, J. J. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.141079498 · Cited by 277
McCLOUD, E. S., & Baldwin, I. T. (1997) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250050210 · Cited by 275
Activation of Host Defense Mechanisms by Elevated Production of H2O2 in Transgenic Plants
Wu, G., Shortt, B. J., Lawrence, E. B., León, J., Fitzsimmons, K. C., Levine, E. B., Raskin, I., & Shah, D. M. (1997) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.115.2.427 · Cited by 274
Introduction to ecological biochemistry:
Bell, E. A. (1989) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)97958-5 · Cited by 273
Inverse relationship between systemic resistance of plants to microorganisms and to insect herbivory
Felton, G. W., Korth, K. L., Bi, J. L., Wesley, S. V., Huhman, D. V., Mathews, M. C., Murphy, J. B., Lamb, C. J., & Dixon, R. A. (1999) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80140-7 · Cited by 271
Ontogeny Constrains Systemic Protease Inhibitor Response in Nicotiana attenuata
van Dam, N. M., Horn, M., Mareš, M., & Baldwin, I. T. (2001) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1010341022761 · Cited by 267
Seo, S., Sano, H., & Ohashi, Y. (1999) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.11.2.289 · Cited by 264
Stotz, H. U., Pittendrigh, B. R., Kroymann, J., Weniger, K., Fritsche, J., Bauke, A., & Mitchell‐Olds, T. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.124.3.1007 · Cited by 264
Heitz, T., Bergey, D. R., & Ryan, C. A. (1997) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.114.3.1085 · Cited by 262
Legendre, L., Rueter, S. M., Heinstein, P. F., & Low, P. S. (1993) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.102.1.233 · Cited by 262
Are insects resistant to plant proteinase inhibitors?
Broadway, R. M. (1995) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/0022-1910(94)00101-l · Cited by 255
Herbivore‐induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis
Bernasconi, M. L., Turlings, T. C. J., Ambrosetti, L., Bassetti, P., & Dorn, S. (1998) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00315.x · Cited by 252
Howe, G. A., Lee, G. I., Itoh, A., Li, L., & DeRocher, A. E. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.123.2.711 · Cited by 246
Noriyuki Doke, A., Miura, Y., Sanchez, L. M., Park, H. J., Noritake, T., Yoshioka, H., & Kawakita, K. (1996) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00423-4 · Cited by 243
An Ecologically Motivated Analysis of Plant-Herbivore Interactions in Native Tobacco
Baldwin, I. T. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.010762 · Cited by 238
Ecophysiological comparison of direct and indirect defenses in Nicotiana attenuata
Halitschke, R., Keßler, A., Kahl, J., Lorenz, A., & Baldwin, I. T. (2000) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s004420000389 · Cited by 233
Molecular Cloning of Allene Oxide Cyclase
Ziegler, J., Stenzel, I., Hause, B., Maucher, H. P., Hámberg, M., Grimm, R., Ganal, M. W., & Wasternack, C. H. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m002133200 · Cited by 232
Herbivore‐induced volatiles induce the emission of ethylene in neighboring lima bean plants
Arimura, G., Ozawa, R., Nishioka, T., Boland, W., Koch, T., Kühnemann, F., & Takabayashi, J. (2002) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01198.x · Cited by 229
SYSTEMIN: A Polypeptide Signal for Plant Defensive Genes
Ryan, C. A., & Pearce, G. (1998) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.14.1.1 · Cited by 228
Ryan, C. A., Pearce, G., Scheer, J., & Moura, D. S. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.125.1.65 · Cited by 228
Maqbool, S. B., Riazuddin, S. A., Loc, N. T., Gatehouse, A. M. R., Gatehouse, J. A., & Christou, P. (2001) · Molecular Breeding · doi:10.1023/a:1009644712157 · Cited by 227
Self-citationMcGurl, B., Orozco-Cárdenas, M. L., Pearce, G., & Ryan, C. A. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.9799 · Cited by 227
Summers, C. B., & Felton, G. W. (1994) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0965-1748(94)90023-x · Cited by 225
Specificity of induced resistance in the tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum
Stout, M. J., Workman, K. V., Bostock, R. M., & Duffey, S. S. (1997) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s004420050355 · Cited by 223
Powell, W., Pennacchio, F., Poppy, G. M., & Tremblay, E. (1998) · Biological Control · doi:10.1006/bcon.1997.0584 · Cited by 222
Fidantsef, A. L., Stout, M. J., Thaler, J. S., Duffey, S. S., & Bostock, R. M. (1999) · Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1006/pmpp.1998.0192 · Cited by 219
A survey of wound- and methyl jasmonate-induced leaf polyphenol oxidase in crop plants
Constabel, C. P., & Ryan, C. A. (1998) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00539-6 · Cited by 219
Monoterpene Synthases from Grand Fir (Abies grandis)
Bohlmann, J., Steele, C. L., & Croteau, R. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.35.21784 · Cited by 219
Orozco-Cárdenas, M. L., McGurl, B., & Ryan, C. A. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.8273 · Cited by 218
Hause, B., Stenzel, I., Miersch, O., Maucher, H. P., Kramell, R., Ziegler, J., & Wasternack, C. H. (2000) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00861.x · Cited by 217
Induction of Plant Synomones by Oviposition of a Phytophagous Insect
Meiners, T., & Hilker, M. (2000) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1005453830961 · Cited by 216
Parasitoid‐plant mutualism: parasitoid attack of herbivore increases plant reproduction
van Loon, J. J. A., de Boer, J. G., & Dicke, M. (2000) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00733.x · Cited by 216
Kauss, H., Jeblick, W., & Domard, A. (1989) · Planta · doi:10.1007/bf00391866 · Cited by 212
Korth, K. L., & Dixon, R. A. (1997) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.115.4.1299 · Cited by 211
Du, Y., Poppy, G. M., & Powell, W. (1996) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf02272400 · Cited by 210
Expression of Allene Oxide Synthase Determines Defense Gene Activation in Tomato
Sivasankar, S., Bay, S., & Rothstein, S. J. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.122.4.1335 · Cited by 205
Merging molecular and ecological approaches in plant–insect interactions
Baldwin, I. T., Halitschke, R., Keßler, A., & Schittko, U. (2001) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00184-9 · Cited by 202
Bolter, C. J., & Jongsma, M. A. (1995) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/0022-1910(95)00073-4 · Cited by 202
OPTIMAL DEFENSE THEORY PREDICTS THE ONTOGENY OF AN INDUCED NICOTINE DEFENSE
Ohnmeiss, T. E., & Baldwin, I. T. (2000) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1765:odtpto]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 201
Systemic wound induction of potato (Solanum tuberosum) polyphenol oxidase
Thipyapong, P., Hunt, M. D., & Steffens, J. C. (1995) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00359-f · Cited by 196
Bohlmann, J., Crock, J. E., Jetter, R., & Croteau, R. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6756 · Cited by 193
EXOGENOUS METHYL JASMONATE INDUCES VOLATILE EMISSIONS IN COTTON PLANTS
Rodriguez‐Saona, C., Crafts‐Brandner, S. J., Paré, P. W., & Henneberry, T. J. (2001) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1010393700918 · Cited by 188
Baldwin, I. T., & Zhang, Z. (1997) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250050211 · Cited by 185
Litvak, M. E., & Monson, R. K. (1998) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s004420050477 · Cited by 184
Bishop, P. D., Pearce, G., Bryant, J., & Ryan, C. A. (1984) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90673-3 · Cited by 181
Enzymes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis
Mueller, M. J. (1997) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb03072.x · Cited by 179
Salivary glucose oxidase: Multifunctional roles forHelicoverpa zea?
Eichenseer, H., Mathews, M. C., Bi, J. L., Murphy, J. B., & Felton, G. W. (1999) · Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(199909)42:1 · Cited by 178
Long-Distance Phloem Transport of Glucosinolates in Arabidopsis
Chen, S., Petersen, B. L., Olsen, C. E., Schulz, A., & Halkier, B. A. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.127.1.194 · Cited by 176
Insect Glutathione S-Transferases
Yu, S. J. (1996) · Cited by 176
Zhang, S., & Liu, Y. (2001) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.010044 · Cited by 172
Royo, J., León, J., Vancanneyt, G., Albar, J. P., Rosahl, S., Ortego, F., Castañera, P., & Sánchez‐Serrano, J. J. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.3.1146 · Cited by 167
Harsulkar, A., Giri, A. P., Patankar, A. G., Gupta, V. S., Sainani, M. N., Ranjekar, P. K., & DESHPANDE, V. V. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.121.2.497 · Cited by 166
A wound- and systemin-inducible polygalacturonase in tomato leaves
Bergey, D. R., Orozco-Cárdenas, M. L., de Moura, D. S., & Ryan, C. A. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1756 · Cited by 165
Dhondt‐Cordelier, S., Geoffroy, P., Stelmach, B. A., Legrand, M., & Heitz, T. (2000) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00802.x · Cited by 162
Concerted biosynthesis of an insect elicitor of plant volatiles
Paré, P. W., Alborn, H. T., & Tumlinson, J. H. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13971 · Cited by 161
Stotz, H. U., Kroymann, J., & Mitchell‐Olds, T. (1999) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(99)80048-x · Cited by 158
Geervliet, J. B. F., Vet, L. E. M., & Dicke, M. (1994) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb01866.x · Cited by 154
Schaller, F., & Weiler, E. W. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.44.28066 · Cited by 153
Genetics Of Resistance To Insects In Crop Plants
Khush, G. S., & Brar, D. S. (1991) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60042-5 · Cited by 151
Site fidelity in habitats with contrasting levels of nest predation and brood parasitism
Schmidt, K. A. (2001) · Evolutionary ecology research · Cited by 149
Systemin induces rapid ion fluxes and ethylene biosynthesis in Lycopersicon peruvianum cells
Felix, G., & Boller, T. (1995) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1995.7030381.x · Cited by 146
Rojo, E., Titarenko, E., León, J., Berger, S., Vancanneyt, G., & Sánchez‐Serrano, J. J. (1998) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00020.x · Cited by 146
Spiteller, D., Dettner, K., & Boland, W. (2000) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2000.096 · Cited by 145
A 160-kD Systemin Receptor on the Surface of Lycopersicon peruvianum Suspension-Cultured Cells
Scheer, J. M., & Ryan, C. A. (1999) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.11.8.1525 · Cited by 144
Differential induction of tomato foliar proteins by arthropod herbivores
Stout, M. J., Workman, J., & Duffey, S. S. (1994) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf02036193 · Cited by 141
Gene Responses in Bean Leaves Induced by Herbivory and by Herbivore-Induced Volatiles
Arimura, G., Tashiro, K., Kuhara, S., Nishioka, T., Ozawa, R., & Takabayashi, J. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3672 · Cited by 140
Degenhardt, J., & Gershenzon, J. (2000) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250050684 · Cited by 138
Signal Interactions in Induced Resistance to Pathogens and Insect Herbivores
Bostock, R. M., Karban, R., Thaler, J. S., Weyman, P. D., & Gilchrist, D. G. (2001) · European Journal of Plant Pathology · doi:10.1023/a:1008703904253 · Cited by 137
Induced plant defenses breached? Phytochemical induction protects an herbivore from disease
Hunter, M. D., & Schultz, J. C. (1993) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00341317 · Cited by 134
Structure and regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana allene oxide synthase gene
Kubigsteltig, I. I., Laudert, D., & Weiler, E. W. (1999) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250050583 · Cited by 134
Havill, N. P., & Raffa, K. F. (2000) · Ecological Entomology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2000.00247.x · Cited by 133
Applications of Tagging and Mapping Insect Resistance Loci in Plants
Yencho, G. C., Cohen, M. B., & Byrne, P. F. (2000) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.393 · Cited by 132
Zhang, S. (2001) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.13.8.1877 · Cited by 132
Bouwmeester, H. J., Verstappen, F. W. A., Posthumus, M. A., & Dicke, M. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.121.1.173 · Cited by 122
A Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Systemically Induced upon Wounding in Tomato Plants
Chico, J. M. (2002) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.128.1.256 · Cited by 121
Meindl, T., Boller, T., & Felix, G. (1998) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.10.9.1561 · Cited by 121
Wound Signaling in Tomato Plants1
Birkenmeier, G. F., & Ryan, C. A. (1998) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.117.2.687 · Cited by 117
León, J., Rojo, E., Titarenko, E., & Sánchez‐Serrano, J. J. (1998) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/s004380050749 · Cited by 116
Cell signalling by oligosaccharides
John, M., Röhrig, H., Schmidt, J., Walden, R. M., & Schell, J. (1997) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(97)01005-4 · Cited by 115
Li, X., Berenbaum, M. R., & Schuler, M. A. (2000) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(99)00102-2 · Cited by 113
Effects of some leaf-emitted volatile compounds on aphid population increase
Hildebrand, D. F., Brown, G. C., Jackson, D. M., & Hamilton–Kemp, T. R. (1993) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf00983793 · Cited by 112
A Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Systemically Induced upon Wounding in Tomato Plants
Chico, J. M., Raı́ces, M., Téllez-Iñón, M. T., et al. (2002) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.010649 · Cited by 112
Shen, B., Zheng, Z., & Dooner, H. K. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.240284097 · Cited by 111
Goggin, F. L., Williamson, V. M., & Ullman, D. E. (2001) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1603/0046-225x-30.1.101 · Cited by 110
Bartlet, E., Kiddle, G. A., Williams, I. H., & Wallsgrove, R. M. (1999) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00479.x · Cited by 107
Antioxidant defenses in caterpillars: role of the ascorbate-recycling system in the midgut lumen
Barbehenn, R. V., Bumgarner, S. L., Roosen, E. F., & Martin, M. M. (2001) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(00)00125-6 · Cited by 107
Dammann, C., Rojo, E., & Sánchez‐Serrano, J. J. (1997) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.11040773.x · Cited by 107
Baydoun, E., & Fry, S. C. (1985) · Planta · doi:10.1007/bf00395050 · Cited by 107
TACHINID PARASITOIDS AFFECT HOST PLANT CHOICE BY CATERPILLARS TO INCREASE CATERPILLAR SURVIVAL
Karban, R., & English‐Loeb, G. M. (1997) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[0603:tpahpc]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 106
Baldwin, I. T. (1996) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00921.x · Cited by 105
Plant Secondary Compounds and Grasshoppers: Beyond Plant Defenses
Bernays, E. A., & Chapman, R. F. (2000) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1005578804865 · Cited by 103
Schittko, U., Preston, C. A., & Baldwin, I. T. (2000) · Planta · doi:10.1007/pl00008143 · Cited by 103
Evolutionary aspects of defense by recycled plant compounds in herbivorous insects
Dobler, S. (2001) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1078/1439-1791-00032 · Cited by 103
Jander, G., Cui, J., Nhan, B., Pierce, N. E., & Ausubel, F. M. (2001) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.126.2.890 · Cited by 102
A novel tomato gene that rapidly responds to wound‐ and pathogen‐related signals
O'Donnell, P. J. M., Truesdale, M. R., Calvert, C. M., Dorans, A., ROBERTS, M. R., & Bowles, D. J. (1998) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00110.x · Cited by 98
Jacinto, T., McGurl, B., Franceschi, V. R., Delano-Freier, J., & Ryan, C. A. (1997) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250050207 · Cited by 97
H2O2 activates a MAP kinase-like enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures
Desikan, R., Clarke, A., Hancock, J. T., & Neill, S. J. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/50.341.1863 · Cited by 94
R ESISTANCE OF D ROSOPHILA TO T OXINS
Wilson, T. G. (2001) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.545 · Cited by 92
Johnson, K. S., & Felton, G. W. (2001) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1013691802028 · Cited by 90
Costs of Inducible Defense: Protein Limitation, Growth, and Detoxification in Parsnip Webworms
Berenbaum, M. R., & Zangerl, A. R. (1994) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1940886 · Cited by 87
Characterization of 12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Reductase in Corn
Vick, B. A., & Zimmerman, D. C. (1986) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.80.1.202 · Cited by 87
Molecular biology of jasmonic acid biosynthesis in plants
León, J., & Sánchez‐Serrano, J. J. (1999) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0981-9428(99)80043-6 · Cited by 86
Enzymatic decomposition of elicitors of plant volatiles in Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea
Mori, N., Alborn, H. T., Teal, P. E. A., & Tumlinson, J. H. (2001) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(00)00171-2 · Cited by 83
de Moura, D. S., Bergey, D. R., & Ryan, C. A. (2001) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250000380 · Cited by 82
The ecology and evolution of host-plant resistance to insects
Simms, E. L., & Fritz, R. S. (1990) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(90)90094-t · Cited by 76
Inbar, M., Doostdar, H., Gerling, D., & Mayer, R. T. (2001) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00802.x · Cited by 76
Fernandes, G. W. (1998) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1093/ee/27.2.260 · Cited by 75
Waetzig, G. H., Sobczak, M., & Grundler, F. M. W. (1999) · Nematology · doi:10.1163/156854199508702 · Cited by 74
Pe�a-Cort�s, H., Prat, S., Atzorn, R., Wasternack, C. H., & Willmitzer, L. (1996) · Planta · doi:10.1007/bf00620062 · Cited by 73
Insect-Induced Synthesis of Phytoecdysteroids in Spinach, Spinacia oleracea
Schmelz, E. A., Grebenok, R. J., Galbraith, D. W., & Bowers, W. S. (1999) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/a:1020969413567 · Cited by 72
Methyl jasmonate is blowing in the wind, but can it act as a plant–plant airborne signal?
Preston, C. A., Laue, G., & Baldwin, I. T. (2001) · Biochemical Systematics and Ecology · doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(01)00047-3 · Cited by 72
Foissac, X., Edwards, M. G., Du, J., Gatehouse, A. M. R., & Gatehouse, J. A. (2002) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00033-4 · Cited by 72
Self-citationMetabolic fate of the allelochemical nicotine in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta
Snyder, M. J., Walding, J. K., & Feyereisen, R. (1994) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0965-1748(94)90112-0 · Cited by 71
Systemin Potentiates the Oxidative Burst in Cultured Tomato Cells1
Stennis, M. J., Chandra, S. S., Ryan, C. A., & Low, P. S. (1998) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.117.3.1031 · Cited by 70
Induction of cytochrome P-450 activities by nicotine in the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta
Snyder, M. J., Hsu, E. L., & Feyereisen, R. (1993) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf00980591 · Cited by 69
Nielsen, J. K., Hansen, M. L., Agerbirk, N., Petersen, B. L., & Halkier, B. A. (2001) · Chemoecology · doi:10.1007/pl00001835 · Cited by 67
Danielson, P. B., Foster, J. L. M., McMahill, M. M., Smith, M., & Fogleman, J. C. (1998) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/s004380050788 · Cited by 67
Chemical information transfer between wounded and unwounded plants: backing up the future
de Bruin, J. P. C., & Dicke, M. (2001) · Biochemical Systematics and Ecology · doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(01)00053-9 · Cited by 62
Does Salicylic Acid Act as a Signal in Cotton for Induced Resistance to Helicoverpa zea?
Bi, J. L., Murphy, J. B., & Felton, G. W. (1997) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1023/b:joec.0000006452.81324.b8 · Cited by 59
Depolarization of tomato leaf cells by oligogalacturonide elicitors
Thain, J. F., Gubb, I. R., & Wildon, D. C. (1995) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00355.x · Cited by 58
Gijzen, M., Lewinsohn, E., & Croteau, R. (1991) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(91)90471-t · Cited by 57
Milligan, S. B., Bodeau, J. P., Yaghoobi, J., Kaloshian, I., Zabel, P., & Williamson, V. M. (1998) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.2307/3870642 · Cited by 57
Wang, C., Avdiushko, S. A., & Hildebrand, D. F. (1999) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1023/a:1006253927431 · Cited by 55
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Garcia‐Olmedo F, 1987, Plant proteinaceous inhibitors of proteinases and α‐amylases, Oxford Surveys of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, 4, 275
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Plant Immunity to Insect Herbivores
Howe, G. A., & Jander, G. (2007) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092825 · Cited by 2,493
Plant Defense Against Herbivores: Chemical Aspects
Mithöfer, A., & Boland, W. (2012) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103854 · Cited by 1,669
Mao, Y.-B., Cai, W.-J., Wang, J.-W., Hong, G.-J., Tao, X.-Y., Wang, L.-J., Huang, Y.-P., & Chen, X.-Y. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1352 · Cited by 1,358
Bacterial Volatiles Induce Systemic Resistance in Arabidopsis
Ryu, C.-M., Farag, M. A., Hu, C.-H., Reddy, M. S., Kloepper, J. W., & Paré, P. W. (2004) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.103.026583 · Cited by 1,308
Plant Defense against Insect Herbivores
Fürstenberg-Hägg, J., Zagrobelny, M., & Bak, S. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms140510242 · Cited by 933
Metadata
- Authors
- Gatehouse, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Durham University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gatehouse, John A.
- ORCID
- Gatehouse, John A.
- Venue
- New Phytologist
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-10-21
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145-169
- ISSN
- 0028-646X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8137
- OpenAlex
- W2160819466
- Cited by
- 704
- References
- 222
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New Phytologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- plant-insect interactions, phytophagous insects, induced plant defense, systemin, jasmonates, oligogalacturonides, hydrogen peroxide, plant volatiles, indirect defense, tritrophic interactions, insecticidal compounds
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review