Cultural and noncultural predictors of health outcomes in Korean daughter and daughter-in-law caregivers
Abstract
In Western cultures, adverse health effects resulting from providing care for impaired elders is well documented for family caregivers, but little is known about the health of Korean caregivers. This study examined the level of depression and physical health of 120 daughter and daughter-in-law caregivers who cared for cognitively or functionally impaired elderly in Korea. It was hypothesized that cultural factors would have a greater effect on caregivers' health outcomes than noncultural factors, but, contrary to this expectation, the effects of noncultural factors were found to outweigh those of cultural factors. Moreover, the caregivers in this study reported a relatively high level of depression, and more caregivers rated their own health as "poor" than did Western caregivers in previous studies. Family caregiving for the impaired elderly is stressful and negatively affects Korean caregivers' health outcomes regardless of societal values such as filial piety and familism regarding parent care in Korea. Culturally acceptable and sensible support programs may be useful in sustaining long-term care at home by Korean daughter and daughter-in-law caregivers. Further family caregiving studies in the Korean sociocultural context are recommended.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Under the constraints of this cultural norm, forms of socialized care beyond the family have often been devalued or negatively perceived.
“Under the constraints of this cultural norm, forms of socialized care beyond the family have often been devalued or negatively perceived (72).”
From Caring alone: older adult care burdens, practices, and structural imbalances among China's one-child generation (2025) · cites this paper as [72]
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).
Sitgreaves, R. (1979) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/018882 · Cited by 14,384 · see citing works
The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory
Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E. H., & Covi, L. (1974) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/bs.3830190102 · Cited by 4,604 · see citing works
Spousal caregivers of dementia victims: longitudinal changes in immunity and health.
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Dura, J. R., Speicher, C. E., Trask, O. J., & Glaser, R. (1991) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199107000-00001 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Ory, M. G., Hoffman, R. R., Yee, J. L., Tennstedt, S., & Schulz, R. (1999) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/39.2.177 · Cited by 991 · see citing works
A Research and Service Oriented Multilevel Assessment Instrument
Lawton, M. P., Moss, M. S., Fulcomer, M. C., & Kleban, M. H. (1982) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/37.1.91 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Fillenbaum, G. G. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Natural support systems and coping with major life changes
Hirsch, B. J., & Hirsch, B. J. (1980) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00912658 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Differences in Dementia Caregiving: Review and Analysis
Connell, C. M., & Gibson, G. D. (1997) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/37.3.355 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Social network interactions: A buffer or a stress
Fiore, J., Becker, J., & Coppel, D. B. (1983) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00894057 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Lerner, R. M. (1991) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.27 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Youn, G., Knight, B. G., Jeong, H., & Benton, D. M. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.14.3.355 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Foundations of Dialectical Psychology
(1979) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-11367-0 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life
Hughes, S. L., Giobbie‐Hurder, A., Weaver, F. M., Kubal, J. D., & Henderson, W. G. (1999) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/39.5.534 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Impact of Family Conflict on Adult Child Caregivers
Strawbridge, W. J., & Wallhagen, M. I. (1991) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/31.6.770 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bédard, M., Pedlar, D., Martin, N. J., Malott, O. W., & Stones, M. J. (2000) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610200006426 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Horowitz, A., & Shindelman, L. W. (1983) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v05n03_02 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Noh, S., Avison, W. R., & Kaspar, V. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.84 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Filial Responsibility Expectations and Morale Among Aged Parents
Seelbach, W. C., & Sauer, W. J. (1977) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/17.6.492 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Multigenerational Caregiving and Well-Being:
Loomis, L. S., & BOOTH, A. R. (1995) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/019251395016002001 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Caregiving for Parents and Parents-in-Law: Is Gender Important?
Ingersoll‐Dayton, B., Starrels, M. E., & Dowler, D. W. (1996) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/36.4.483 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Dimensions of Social Support and Social Conflict as Predictors of Caregiver Depression
MaloneBeach, E. E., & Zarit, S. H. (1995) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610295001827 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Cultural Influences on Caregiving Burden: Cases of Koreans and Americans
Lee, Y.-R., & Sung, K. (1998) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/pm2c-v93r-ne8h-jwgv · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Choi, H. (1993) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/33.1.8 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Family and Ageing in Korea: A New Concern and Challenge
Choi, S.-J. (1996) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x00003111 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Dautzenberg, M. G. H., Diederiks, J. P. M., Philipsen, H., & Tan, F. E. S. (1999) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v29n04_04 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
LEARNING FROM OTHER LANDS CARING FOR ELDERLY DEMENTED KOREANS
Lee, H., Kim, S., & You, K. M. (1997) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19970901-08 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Choi, I. S., & Lee, M. S. (2008) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000116994 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Caregiver burden—a critical discussion
Bastawrous, M. (2013) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.10.005 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Filial Piety, Caregiving Appraisal, and Caregiving Burden
Lai, D. W. L. (2010) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027509351475 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Clarke, C. L., & Rhynas, S. J. (2019) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301217753775 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Development and evaluation of the Arabic filial piety scale.
Khalaila, R. (2010) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731510369495 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Xiang, S., Xiang, H., Ren, Q., & Deng, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1694636 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Under the constraints of this cultural norm, forms of socialized care beyond the family have often been devalued or negatively perceived (72).”
- Authors
- Kim, J., & Lee, E.
- Affiliations
- Chosun University (KR)
- Ajou University (KR)
- Venue
- Public Health Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-02-21
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 111-119
- ISSN
- 0737-1209 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1446
- OpenAlex
- W1974487178
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Public Health Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- AJOU Open Repository (Ajou University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Chosun University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Keywords
- family caregivers, caregiver health, depression, physical health, filial piety, familism, cultural factors, cognitive impairment, functional disability, elderly care, caregiver support programs, home care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cultural Characteristics, Depression, Family Relations, Female, Forecasting, Persons with Disabilities, Health Services Research, Home Nursing, Humans, Korea, Male, Middle Aged, Intergenerational Relations, Caregivers, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Adult Children
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
