Migration Resistant, Blood‐Compatible Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride for [Medical and Related Applications
Abstract
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), although not a blood‐compatible polymer, is the material of choice for the manufacture of blood bags and hemodialysis tubing throughout the world. PVC is usually plasticized with di‐(2‐ethylhexyl phthalate) (DEHP) to impart flexibility and low temperature properties to the final product. DEHP belongs to a class of agents called hypolipidemic hepatocarcinogens, and it migrates in small quantities into the storage medium such as blood, plasma, or serum, resulting in a number of toxic effects. It has been shown that the migration resistance and blood compatibility of flexible PVC could be significantly improved by grafting polyethylene glycol (PEG), the most blood‐compatible polymer known today, onto the surface of flexible PVC by the classical Williamson ether synthesis reaction. The technique is simple and versatile enough to produce blood‐compatible, migration resistant PVC surfaces for many medical applications. The method may also find use for preventing plasticizer migration from PVC cling films and polyvinylidene chloride films used extensively in food packaging.
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PEG grafting extended whole blood clotting time from 20 minutes to more than 70 minutes in fresh rabbit blood.
“The PEG grafting also extended the whole blood clotting time from 20 min to more than 70 min as determined by the hemolysis assay.”
From Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO) (2016) · cites this paper as [46]
Lakshmi et al. grafted PEG 4000 onto medical-grade PVC sheets and found more platelet adhesion on bare PVC than on PEG-grafted PVC by SEM.
“Lakshmi et al.46 were among the first to graft PEG 4000 onto medical grade PVC sheets and conducted thrombogenicity studies to evaluate platelet adhesion using platelet rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood clotting time with fresh rabbit blood. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images clearly indicated more platelet adhesion to the bare PVC sheet than the PEG-grafted ones.”
From Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO) (2016) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Lakshmi, & Jayakrishnan
- Affiliations
- Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Jayakrishnan
- Venue
- Artificial Organs
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-03
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 222-229
- ISSN
- 0160-564X (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1594
- OpenAlex
- W2096271550
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Artificial Organs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Science and PVC
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Keywords
- plasticized polyvinyl chloride, DEHP, plasticizer migration, hemocompatibility, poly(ethylene glycol) grafting, Williamson ether synthesis, blood bags, medical device materials
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anticoagulants, Biocompatible Materials, Blood Platelets, Carcinogens, Diethylhexyl Phthalate, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Plasticizers, Platelet Adhesiveness, Polyethylene Glycols, Polyvinyl Chloride, Rabbits, Thrombosis
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