Chemical modification of poly(vinyl chloride) resin using poly(ethylene glycol) to improve blood compatibility
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was aminated by treating the resin with a concentrated aqueous solution of ethylenediamine. The aminated PVC was then reacted with hexamethylene diisocyanate to incorporate the isocyanate group onto the polymer backbone. The isocyanated PVC was further reacted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weight 600 Da. The modified polymer was characterized using infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal analysis. Infrared and XPS spectra showed the incorporation of PEG onto PVC. The thermal stability of the modified polymer was found to be lowered by the incorporation of PEG. Contact angle measurements on the surface of polymer films cast from a tetrahydrofuran solution of the polymer demonstrated that the modified polymer gave rise to a significantly hydrophilic surface compared to unmodified PVC. The solid/water interfacial free energy of the modified surface was 3.9 ergs/cm(2) as opposed to 18.4 ergs/cm(2) for bare PVC surface. Static platelet adhesion studies using platelet-rich plasma showed significantly reduced platelet adhesion on the surface of the modified polymer compared to control PVC. The surface hydrophilicity of the films was remarkably retained even in the presence of up to 30 wt% concentration of the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl phthalate). The study showed that bulk modification of PVC with PEG using appropriate chemistry can give rise to a polymer that possesses the anti-fouling property of PEG and such bulk modifications are less cumbersome compared to surface modifications on the finished product to impart anti-fouling properties to the PVC surface.
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Balakrishnan et al. showed that bulk modification of PVC resin with PEG 600 greatly reduced solid/water interfacial free energy and platelet adhesion in in vitro PRP studies.
“Balakrishnan et al.47 later demonstrated success using bulk modification of PVC resin with PEG 600 that yielded greatly reduced solid/water interfacial free energy and platelet adhesion in in vitro PRP studies.”
From Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO) (2016) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Balakrishnan, B., Kumar, D. S., Yoshida, Y., & Jayakrishnan, A.
- Affiliations
- Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (IN)
- Toyo University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Jayakrishnan, A.
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 3495-3502
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026294008
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Science and PVC
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Keywords
- polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene glycol, hemocompatibility, amination, hexamethylene diisocyanate, surface modification, hydrophilicity, platelet adhesion, antifouling, DEHP, plasticizers, contact angle
- MeSH terms
- Biocompatible Materials, Blood, Blood Platelets, Cells, Cultured, Composite Resins, Humans, Materials Testing, Molecular Weight, Platelet Adhesiveness, Polyethylene Glycols, Polyvinyl Chloride, Surface Properties, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
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