Smallest possible electromagnetic mode volume in a dielectric cavity
Abstract
In photonic crystals, electromagnetic waves can be confined in all three dimensions – leading to very small mode volumes. A computational search has been made for the smallest electromagnetic mode volume which occurs in two-dimensional, dielectric photonic crystals slabs. The smallest mode volume found was V ≈ 2(λ/2n)3, where n is the refractive index. This small mode volume can lead to significant enhancement of spontaneous emission rates in semiconductor nano-cavities due to the Purcell effect.
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In conventional dielectric cavities, the effective volume cannot fall below the order of ∼(λc/2n)^3; in planar microcavities, the effective volume can be approximated by the effective cavity length.
“Since the effective volume (Veff ) depends on the electric field distribution (E ( → r ) ) and the relative permittivity of the medium ( ε ( → r ) ), in conventional dielectric cavities, it cannot fall below the order ∼ ( λ c /2 n ) 3 . However, the effective volume can be approximated by the effective cavity length (Leff ) in the case of a planar configuration of the microcavities [280-282]:”
From Metal Oxide Thin Films for Advanced Photonic Applications (2026) · cites this paper as [280]
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Modified Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method for Triangular Lattice Photonic Crystals
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Strong light confinement in rod-connected diamond photonic crystals
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Ultrasmall modal volume and high Q factor optimization of a photonic crystal slab cavity
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FDTD Simulation of Inverse 3-D Face-Centered Cubic Photonic Crystal Cavities
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- Authors
- Coccioli, R., Boroditsky, M., Yablonovitch, E., Rahmat-Samii, Y., & Kim, K. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Yablonovitch, E.
- Venue
- IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics
- Published
- 1998-12-01
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 391-397
- ISSN
- 1350-2433 (ISSN-L)
- 1359-7078
- OpenAlex
- W2158715320
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photonic Crystals and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
- Keywords
- mode volume, dielectric photonic crystals, two-dimensional photonic crystal slab, electromagnetic wave confinement, spontaneous emission enhancement, Purcell effect, refractive index
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