The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Flaring vs. self-shadowed disks: The SEDs of Herbig Ae/Be stars
Open accessAbstract
Isolated Herbig Ae stars can be divided into two groups (Meeus et al. 2001): those with an almost flat spectral energy distribution in the mid-infrared (“group I”), and those with a strong decline towards the far-infrared (“group II”). In this paper we show that the group I vs. II distinction can be understood as arising from flaring vs. self-shadowed disks. We show that these two types of disks are natural solutions of the 2D radiation-hydrostatic structure equations. Disks with high optical depth turn out to be flaring and have a strong far-IR emission, while disks with an optical depth below a certain threshold drop into the shadow of their own puffed-up inner rim and are weak in the far-IR. In spite of not having a directly irradiated surface layer, self-shadowed disks still display dust features in emission, in agreement with observations of group II sources. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which a disk starts out with a flaring shape (group I source), and then goes through the process of grain growth, causing the optical depth of the disk to drop and the disk to become self-shadowed (group II source). We show that this scenario predicts that the (sub-)millimeter slope of the disk changes from steep (small grains) to Rayleigh-Jeans-like (large grains) in the early stages of evolution, so that all group II sources are expected to have Rayleigh-Jeans-like slopes, while some group I sources may still have steep (sub-)millimeter slopes.
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Citations
Cites
Optical properties of interstellar graphite and silicate grains
Draine, B. T., & Lee, H. M. (1984) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/162480 · Cited by 3,279
Spectral Energy Distributions of T Tauri Stars with Passive Circumstellar Disks
Chiang, E. I., & Goldreich, P. (1997) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/304869 · Cited by 1,683
A survey for circumstellar disks around young stellar objects
Beckwith, S. V. W., Sargent, A. I., Chini, R. S., & Guesten, R. (1990) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/115385 · Cited by 1,589
Passive Irradiated Circumstellar Disks with an Inner Hole
Dullemond, C. P., Dominik, C., & Natta, A. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/323057 · Cited by 797
Self-citationAccretion Disks around Young Objects. I. The Detailed Vertical Structure
D'Alessio, P., Canto, J., Calvet, N., & Lizano, S. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/305702 · Cited by 646
Meeus, G., Waters, L. B. F. M., Bouwman, J., van den Ancker, M. E., Waelkens, C., & Malfait, K. (2001) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000144 · Cited by 567
Accretion Disks around Young Objects. III. Grain Growth
D’Alessio, P., Calvet, N., & Hartmann, L. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/320655 · Cited by 544
Radiative Equilibrium and Temperature Correction in Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer
Bjorkman, J. E., & Wood, K. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/321336 · Cited by 368
Meeus, G., Waters, L. B. F. M., Bouwman, J., van den Ancker, M. E., Waelkens, C., & Malfait, K. (2001) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000144/pdf · Cited by 360
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Cited by
Protoplanetary disk structures in Ophiuchus
Andrews, S. M., Wilner, D. J., Hughes, A. M., Qi, C., & Dullemond, C. P. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1502 · Cited by 709
Self-citationA Spitzer Space Telescope Study of Disks in the Young σ Orionis Cluster
Hernandez, J., Hartmann, L., Megeath, T., Gutermuth, R., Muzerolle, J., Calvet, N., Vivas, A. K., Briceno, C., Allen, L., Stauffer, J., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/513735 · Cited by 512
Woitke, P., Kamp, I., & Thi, W.-F. (2009) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911821 · Cited by 399
Woitke, P., Min, M., Pinte, C., Thi, W.-F., Kamp, I., Rab, C., Anthonioz, F., Antonellini, S., Baldovin-Saavedra, C., Carmona, A., et al. (2016) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526538 · Cited by 380
Self-citationStar and protoplanetary disk properties in Orion's suburbs
Fang, M., van Boekel, R., Wang, W., Carmona, A., Sicilia-Aguilar, A., & Henning, T. (2009) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912468 · Cited by 278
Metadata
- Authors
- Dullemond, C. P., & Dominik, C.
- Venue
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 2004-03-16
- Volume
- 417
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-168
- ISSN
- 0004-6361 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0746
- OpenAlex
- W2025895995
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 18.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Dullemond, C. P., & Dominik, C. (2004). Flaring vs. self-shadowed disks: The SEDs of Herbig Ae/Be stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%3A20031768
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