Outcome after traumatic brain injury: Pathway analysis of contributions from premorbid, injury severity, and recovery variables
Abstract
Objective To examine the relationship of premorbid variables, injury severity, and cognitive and functional status to outcome 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to assess the feasibility of multivariate path analysis as a way to discover those relationships. Design Prospective, longitudinal. Settings Level I trauma center, acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Patients One hundred seven subjects (87 men, 20 women; mean age, 33.91 +/- 14.2 yr) who had experienced severe TBI, typically from motor vehicle crashes. Interventions Acute medical and rehabilitation care. Main outcome measures Disability Rating Scale, Community Integration Questionnaire, and return to employment. Evaluated in acute rehabilitation, and at 6 and 12 months' postinjury. Results Path analyses revealed that premorbid factors had significant relationships with injury severity, functional skills, cognitive status, and outcome; injury severity affected cognitive and functional skills; and cognitive status influenced outcome. No significant relationships were found between injury severity and emotional status, injury severity and outcome, emotional status and outcome, and functional skills and outcome. Conclusions Multivariate analysis is important to understanding outcome after TBI. Injury severity, as measured in this study, is less important to 12-month outcome than the premorbid status of the person and the difficulties (particularly cognitive deficits) exhibited at follow-up 6 months after th…
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Differences among injury groups can be affected by other factors such as time since injury and premorbid functional level.
“However, differences among injury groups (e.g., those with complicated mild, moderate, and severe injuries) can be affected by other factors (e.g., time since injury and premorbid functional level (Novack, Bush, Meythaler, & Canupp, 2001)).”
From Using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in individuals with traumatic brain injury. (2017) · cites this paper as Novack, Bush, Meythaler, & Canupp, 2001
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Using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in individuals with traumatic brain injury.
Tulsky, D. S., Carlozzi, N. E., Holdnack, J., Heaton, R. K., Wong, A., Goldsmith, A., & Heinemann, A. W. (2017) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000174 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Assessment of the King-Devick® (KD) test for screening acute mTBI/concussion in warfighters
Walsh, D. V., Capó-Aponte, J. E., Beltran, T., Cole, W. R., Ballard, A., & Dumayas, J. Y. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.014 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Novack, T. A., Bush, B. A., Meythaler, J. M., & Canupp, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 300-305
- ISSN
- 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2024717180
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-07420)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, injury severity, cognitive impairment, functional status, long-term outcomes, return to work, social reintegration, disability, path analysis, traffic accidents
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Injuries, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Trauma Severity Indices, Multivariate Analysis, Treatment Outcome
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