The DOI matches its Crossref record; 218 of the 228 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer
Open accessAbstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hypermutable phenotype caused by the loss of DNA mismatch repair activity. MSI is detected in about 15% of all colorectal cancers; 3% are of these are associated with Lynch syndrome and the other 12% are caused by sporadic, acquired hypermethylation of the promoter of the MLH1 gene, which occurs in tumors with the CpG island methylator phenotype. Colorectal tumors with MSI have distinctive features, including a tendency to arise in the proximal colon, lymphocytic infiltrate, and a poorly differentiated, mucinous or signet ring appearance. They have a slightly better prognosis than colorectal tumors without MSI and do not have the same response to chemotherapeutics. Discovery of MSI in colorectal tumors has increased awareness of the diversity of colorectal cancers and implications for specialized management of patients.
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“however, are commonly identified through separate MSI analysis and/or additional immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair enzymes in pathology diagnostics2,3,51.”
From Self-supervised learning reveals clinically relevant histomorphological patterns for therapeutic strategies in colon cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
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“MSI-high tumors have been linked to a favorable prognosis2,51, characterized by lower differentiation grade, increased T-cell infiltration, and reduced susceptibility to invasiveness and KRAS mutation51”
From Self-supervised learning reveals clinically relevant histomorphological patterns for therapeutic strategies in colon cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
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“Microsatellite instability (MSI) caused by dysfunctional mismatch repair (dMMR) is detected in approximately 15% of all CRC and in nearly all cases with Lynch syndrome [126].”
From Resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: underlying mechanisms and reversal strategies (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
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Items 201–218 of 218
Clinical Uses of Microsatellite Instability Testing in Colorectal Cancer: An Ongoing Challenge
Boland, C. R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.09.4607 · Cited by 46
Self-citationMolecular Testing in Colorectal Cancer
Shi, C., & Washington, K. M. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1309/ajcpi83dinulujni · Cited by 43
Stepwise Deletions of PolyA Sequences in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancers
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with germline mutation of STK11
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Identification of frame-shift intermediate mutant cells
Gasché, C., Chang, C. L., Natarajan, L., Goel, A., Rhees, J., Young, D. J., Arnold, C., & Boland, C. R. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0437965100 · Cited by 31
Self-citationPromoter Methylation in the Genesis of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Boland, C. R., Shin, S. K., & Goel, A. (2009) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2009.50.3.309 · Cited by 30
Self-citationAlam, N. A., Gorman, P., Jaeger, E. E. M., Kelsell, D. P., Leigh, I. M., Ratnavel, R. C., Murdoch, M. E., Houlston, R. S., Aaltonen, L. A., Roylance, R. R., et al. (2003) · Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00196-1 · Cited by 29
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Biological Significance of Microsatellite Instability-Low (MSI-L) Status in Colorectal Tumors
Jass, J. R., Young, J. P., Leggett, B., Hawkins, N. J., Tomlinson, I. P. M., & Ward, R. L. (2001) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64020-5 · Cited by 28
Steady-state regulation of the human DNA mismatch repair system.
Chang, D. K., Ricciardiello, L., Goel, A., Chang, C. L., & Boland, C. R. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)61311-6 · Cited by 28
Self-citationLynch Syndrome: Form, Function, Proteins, and Basketball
Boland, C. R., & Fishel, R. A. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.05.067 · Cited by 26
Self-citationPractical genetics of colorectal cancer.
Lynch, H. T., & Shaw, T. G. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2304-3865.2013.03.04 · Cited by 22
Lynch Syndrome: Form, Function, Proteins, and Basketball
Boland, C. R., & Fishel, R. A. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.gastro.2005.05.067 · Cited by 22
Self-citationFamilial adenomatous polyposis: clinical presentation, detection and surveillance.
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Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
Initiative, A. P. C. G., Alexandrov, L. B., ICGC Breast Cancer Consortium, ICGC MMML-Seq Consortium, PedBrain, I., Nik-Zainal, S., Wedge, D. C., Aparicio, S. A. J. R., Behjati, S., Biankin, A. V., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12477 · Cited by 9,660
PD-1 Blockade in Tumors with Mismatch-Repair Deficiency
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Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in The Cancer Genome Atlas
Sanchez-Vega, F., Mina, M., Armenia, J., Chatila, W. K., Luna, A., La, K. C., Dimitriadoy, S., Liu, D. L., Kantheti, H. S., Saghafinia, S., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.035 · Cited by 3,201
Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies
Galon, J., & Bruni, D. (2019) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-018-0007-y · Cited by 3,520
Pembrolizumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Advanced Colorectal Cancer
André, T., Shiu, K.-K., Kim, T. W., Jensen, B. V., Jensen, L. H., Punt, C., Smith, D., Garcia-Carbonero, R., Benavides, M., Gibbs, P., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2017699 · Cited by 3,099
Metadata
- Authors
- Boland, C. R., & Goel, A.
- Affiliations
- Baylor University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boland, C. Richard
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2073-2087.e3
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3037515
- OpenAlex
- W2094390470
- Cited by
- 2,456
- References
- 228
- Citations by year
- 2026: 140 · 2025: 201 · 2024: 202 · 2023: 191 · 2022: 257 · 2021: 211 · 2020: 194 · 2019: 160 · 2018: 140 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 111 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 94
- FWCI
- 11.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 CA129286, R01 CA72851)
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
- Keywords
- microsatellite instability, colorectal cancer, DNA mismatch repair, Lynch syndrome, MLH1 promoter methylation, CpG island methylator phenotype, proximal colon tumors, lymphocyte infiltration, mucinous tumors, signet ring cell carcinoma, prognosis, chemotherapy response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, Humans, Mutation, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Colorectal Neoplasms, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Treatment Outcome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Microsatellite Instability, DNA Mismatch Repair
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