Cited by 502Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentLiver Disease and TransplantationLiver Diseases and Immunity

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Simple Noninvasive Systems Predict Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Abstract

Background & aims Some patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develop liver-related complications and have higher mortality than other patients with NAFLD. We determined the accuracy of simple, noninvasive scoring systems in identification of patients at increased risk for liver-related complications or death.Methods We performed a retrospective, international, multicenter cohort study of 320 patients diagnosed with NAFLD, based on liver biopsy analysis through 2002 and followed through 2011. Patients were assigned to mild-, intermediate-, or high-risk groups based on cutoff values for 2 of the following: NAFLD fibrosis score, aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index, FIB-4 score, and BARD score. Outcomes included liver-related complications and death or liver transplantation. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to adjust for relevant variables and calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).Results During a median follow-up period of 104.8 months (range, 3-317 months), 14% of patients developed liver-related events and 13% died or underwent liver transplantation. The aHRs for liver-related events in the intermediate-risk and high-risk groups, compared with the low-risk group, were 7.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-42.7) and 34.2 (95% CI: 6.5-180.1), respectively, based on NAFLD fibrosis score; 8.8 (95% CI: 1.1-67.3) and 20.9 (95% CI: 2.6-165.3) based on the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index; and 6.2 (95% CI: 1.4-27.2) and 6.6 (95% CI: 1.4-31.1) based on the BARD score. The aHRs for death or liver transplantation in the intermediate-risk and high-risk groups compared with the low-risk group were 4.2 (95% CI: 1.3-13.8) and 9.8 (95% CI: 2.7-35.3), respectively, based on the NAFLD fibrosis scores. Based on aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index and FIB-4 score, only the high-risk group had a greater risk of death or liver transplantation (aHR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.1-8.4 and aHR = 6.6; 95% CI: 2.3-20.4, respectively).Conclusions Simple noninvasive scoring systems help identify patients with NAFLD who are at increased risk for liver-related complications or death. NAFLD fibrosis score appears to be the best indicator of patients at risk, based on HRs. The results of this study require external validation.

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  1. Gedaly, 2012, Rising incidence of nonalcoholic steatoheptitis among patients transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States, Hepatology, 56, 40A

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Metadata

Authors
Angulo, P., Bugianesi, E., Bjornsson, E. S., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Mills, P. R., Barrera, F., Haflidadottir, S., Day, C. P., & George, J.
Affiliations
  • University of Kentucky HealthCare (US)
  • University of Turin (IT)
  • National University Hospital of Iceland (IS)
  • Siriraj Hospital (TH)
  • Gartnavel General Hospital (GB)
  • Newcastle University (GB)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author
Angulo, Paul
Venue
Gastroenterology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-10
Volume
145
Issue
4
Pages
782-789.e4
ISSN
0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2129639561
Cited by
502
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 4
FWCI
32.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Hirsla (Landspítali University Hospital) (submittedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (R01 DK82426)
  • Seventh Framework Programme (HEALTH-F2-2009-241762)
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (1049857, 632630)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
Keywords
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB-4, BARD score, liver complications, mortality, liver transplantation, disease progression, prognosis, liver fibrosis, risk stratification, prognostic accuracy
MeSH terms
Adult, Fatty Liver, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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