The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anticancer Cytokines: Biology and Clinical Effects of Interferon-α2, Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, IL-21, and IL-12
Open accessAbstract
Efforts over nearly four decades have focused on ways to use cytokines to manipulate the host immune response towards cancer cell recognition and eradication. Significant advances were achieved with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-α (IFN-α), primarily in the treatment of patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. However, the utility of other cytokines showing promise in the preclinical setting has not been established largely because of toxicity, the complex functionality of each cytokine and the difficulty mimicking in preclinical models the human environment. In this paper we will review the basic biology and the clinical experiences with IFN-α, IL-2, IL-15, IL-21 and IL-12. We will also review ongoing clinical trials and discuss future directions including potential use of cytokines in combination with other effective immunotherapy approaches which have come of age in recent years.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Nature of the Principal Type 1 Interferon-Producing Cells in Human Blood
Siegal, F. P., Kadowaki, N., Shodell, M., Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. A., Shah, K., Ho, S., Antonenko, S., & Liu, Y.-J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5421.1835 · Cited by 2,293
A Critical Role for IL-21 in Regulating Immunoglobulin Production
Ozaki, K., Spolski, R., Feng, C. G., Qi, C.-F., Cheng, J., Sher, A., Morse, H. C., Liu, C., Schwartzberg, P. L., & Leonard, W. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1077002 · Cited by 978
Cited by
Lei, X., Lei, Y., Li, J.-K., Du, W.-X., Li, R.-G., Yang, J., Li, J., Li, F., & Tan, H.-B. (2020) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.009 · Cited by 1,470
NK cells and cancer: you can teach innate cells new tricks
Morvan, M. G., & Lanier, L. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2015.5 · Cited by 1,162
Cancer immunotherapy: Opportunities and challenges in the rapidly evolving clinical landscape
Emens, L. A., Ascierto, P. A., Darcy, P. K., Demaria, S., Eggermont, A. M. M., Redmond, W. L., Seliger, B., & Marincola, F. M. (2017) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2017.01.035 · Cited by 566
Cytokines in the Treatment of Cancer
Conlon, K. C., Miljkovic, M. D., & Waldmann, T. A. (2019) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2018.0019 · Cited by 518
Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Natural Killer Cells: Current Progress and New Opportunities
Hu, W., Wang, G., Huang, D., Sui, M., & Xu, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01205 · Cited by 398
Metadata
- Authors
- Floros, T., & Tarhini, A. A.
- Venue
- Seminars in Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 539-548
- ISSN
- 0093-7754 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1904332237
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 7.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Anticancer Cytokines: Biology and Clinical Effects of Interferon-α2, Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, IL-21, and IL-12. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.05.015
- The paper
- Floros, T., & Tarhini, A. A. (2015). Anticancer Cytokines: Biology and Clinical Effects of Interferon-α2, Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, IL-21, and IL-12. Seminars in Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.05.015
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
