Breathing retraining and exercise conditioning in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a physiological approach
Open accessAbstract
In this review we shall consider the commonest techniques to reduce dyspnea that are being applied to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjected to a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP). Pursed lip breathing (PLB) and diaphragmatic breathing (DB) are breathing retraining strategies employed by COPD patients in order to relieve and control dyspnea. However, the effectiveness of PLB in reducing dyspnoea is controversial. Moreover, DB may be associated with asynchronous and paradoxical breathing movements, reflecting a decrease in the efficiency ofthe diaphragm. Exercise training (EXT) is a mandatory component of PRP.EXT has been shown to improve exercise performances and peripheral muscle strength. Recent studies have focused on the effect of EXT on breathlessness. However, concerns persist as to whether the decreased sensation of dyspnea for a given exercise stimulus is principally due to psychological benefits of rehabilitation or to improved physiological ability to perform exercise. The effect of EXT on breathlessness may be reinforced by inhaling oxygen. However, two studies have recently shown that breathing supplemental oxygen during training has either a marginal effect or no advantage over training. In a comprehensive PRP, strength training (ST) and arm endurance training (AET) could have a role in decreasing peripheral muscle weakness and metabolic and ventilatory requirements for AET. The role of unloading the respiratory muscles during E…
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Respiratory rehabilitation prevents the lungs from collapsing.
“It may improve oxygen exchange, prevents the lungs from collapsing, reduce psychological stress and the need for artificial ventilation [10–12].”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Respiratory rehabilitation may reduce the need for artificial ventilation.
“It may improve oxygen exchange, prevents the lungs from collapsing, reduce psychological stress and the need for artificial ventilation [10–12].”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Respiratory rehabilitation may improve oxygen exchange.
“It may improve oxygen exchange, prevents the lungs from collapsing, reduce psychological stress and the need for artificial ventilation [10–12].”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Respiratory rehabilitation may reduce psychological stress.
“It may improve oxygen exchange, prevents the lungs from collapsing, reduce psychological stress and the need for artificial ventilation [10–12].”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Respiratory rehabilitation improves the physical and psychological symptoms of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
“Respiratory rehabilitation improves the physical and psychological symptoms of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [11].”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Breathing exercise improves respiratory muscle function, ribcage flexibility, and gas exchange, and may decrease blood pressure, respiratory rate, and stress.
“The physiological rationale behind the progress might be that breathing exercise improves respiratory muscle function, ribcage flexibility, gas exchange, and may decrease blood pressure, respiratory rate, and stress [11, 12, 28, 29]; consequently, helping patients with COVID-19 to manage their respiratory symptoms.”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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Kader, M., Hossain, M. A., Reddy, V., Perera, N. K. P., & Rashid, M. (2022) · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-022-00451-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Gigliotti F, Romagnoli I, Scano G. Breathing retraining and exercise conditioning in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a physiological approach.”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- GIGLIOTTI, F., ROMAGNOLI, I., & SCANO, G.
- ORCID
- GIGLIOTTI, F
- Venue
- Respiratory Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 197-204
- ISSN
- 0954-6111 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081161422
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Respiratory Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pursed-lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, breathing retraining, dyspnea, pulmonary rehabilitation, exercise training, supplemental oxygen, resistance training, peripheral muscle weakness, respiratory muscle unloading
- MeSH terms
- Breathing Exercises, Diaphragm, Humans, Oxygen, Posture, Respiratory Muscles, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
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