Cited by 124Telomeres, Telomerase, and SenescenceGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsCancer-related Molecular Pathways

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The illusion of cell immortality

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Hayflick, L·2000·British Journal of Cancer

DOI 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1296PMC PMC2374692

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Abstract

Normal cultured cell populations are mortal but cells that are immortal are abnormal and most have properties of cancer cells. Nevertheless, this distinction becomes blurred because the terms 'mortality' and 'immortality' are subject to enormous variations in understanding. Forty years ago we showed that cell mortality and immortality are inextricably linked to longevity determination, ageing and cancer. We suggested that a counting mechanism existed in normal cells and that has now been identified as telomere attrition. This replicometer, in combination with the discovery of the enzyme telomerase, has gone very far in explaining why most normal somatic cells have a finite capacity to replicate both in vivo and in vitro and how immortal cancer cells circumvent this inevitability. It is suggested that telomere attrition may be better understood as a direct measure of longevity determination and to only have an indirect association with age changes.

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Authors: Hayflick, L.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Hayflick, L
ORCID: Hayflick, L
Venue: British Journal of Cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2000-10
Volume: 83
Issue: 7
Pages: 841-846
ISSN: 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
1532-1827
DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1296
PMC: PMC2374692
OpenAlex: W1510708869
Cited by: 124
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 0.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
Locations: British Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
Keywords: cell immortalization, cell death, telomere shortening, telomerase, replicative capacity, cellular aging, cancer cells
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Neoplasms, Telomere, Cellular Senescence, Cell Death

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