Cited by 264Sleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disordersSports Performance and Training

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Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations

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Vitale, Kenneth C., Owens, Roberts, Hopkins, Susan R., Malhotra, Atul·2019·International Journal of Sports Medicine

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Abstract

For elite athletes who exercise at a high level, sleep is critical to overall health. Many studies have documented the effects of sleep deprivation in the general population, but few studies exist regarding specific effects in the athlete. This review summarizes the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep extension on athletic performance, including reaction time, accuracy, strength and endurance, and cognitive function. There are clear negative effects of sleep deprivation on performance, including reaction time, accuracy, vigor, submaximal strength, and endurance. Cognitive functions such as judgment and decision-making also suffer. Sleep extension can positively affect reaction times, mood, sprint times, tennis serve accuracy, swim turns, kick stroke efficiency, and increased free throw and 3-point accuracy. Banking sleep (sleep extension prior to night of intentional sleep deprivation before sporting event) is a new concept that may also improve performance. For sports medicine providers, the negative effects of sleep deprivation cannot be overstated to athletes. To battle sleep deprivation, athletes may seek supplements with potentially serious side effects; improving sleep quality however is simple and effective, benefiting not only athlete health but also athletic performance.

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“…knowledge in primary care (Papp et al. 2002; Rosen et al. 2001; Wirz-Justice 2010), which contributes to the fact that several disorders are underestimated and often left untreated (Meissner et al. 1998; Reeve et al. 2019; Rosen et al. 2001; Simon 2016; Vitale et al. 2019; Youngren et al. 2019).”

Authors: Vitale, K. C., Owens, R., Hopkins, S. R., & Malhotra, A.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Vitale, Kenneth C.
ORCID: Vitale, Kenneth C.
Hopkins, Susan R.
Malhotra, Atul
Venue: International Journal of Sports Medicine
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 2019-07-09
Volume: 40
Issue: 08
Pages: 535-543
ISSN: 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
1439-3964
DOI: 10.1055/a-0905-3103
PMC: PMC6988893
OpenAlex: W2961604456
Cited by: 264
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 49 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 13
FWCI: 23.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL134632, R01HL085188, K24HL132105)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: sleep hygiene, sleep deprivation, sleep extension, athletic performance, recovery, reaction time, cognitive function, endurance, strength, sleep quality, supplements, elite athletes
MeSH terms: Sleep Hygiene, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Humans, Reaction Time, Sleep Deprivation, Jet Lag Syndrome, Muscle Strength, Athletic Performance

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Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations

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