Cost-effectiveness of type 2 diabetes screening: results from recently published studies
Open accessAbstract
Type 2 diabetes screening is recommended by various international diabetes associations. We conducted a literature research to identify and describe systematically recently published cost effectiveness analyses (CEA) for type 2 diabetes screening. Three analyses were included. One of them was conducted in Germany, based on the data of the KORA survey S4 (1999/2001). Two studies came from the US. The German as well as one of the US studies evaluated cost per detected diabetic case as main outcome. In contrast to the US study, the German study considered incomplete participation in the screening programs as baseline case. HbA1 c testing combined with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was more expensive than OGTT or fasting glucose testing, but also most effective in detecting cases, due to high participation in this screening strategy. The second US study investigated the lifetime cost effectiveness of type 2 diabetes screening, based on a Markov model to calculate cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Effectiveness data were derived from two large intervention studies in clinically diagnosed (not identified by screening) diabetic subjects. The authors conclude that type 2 diabetes screening is cost effective, in particular targeted screening in elderly hypertensive subjects. Diabetes screening may be cost effective. However, the effectiveness of early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes has not yet been shown, and data regarding the course of early detected diabetes are lacking so far. In the future, the most important question is whether type 2 diabetes screening and early treatment is effective with respect to clinical outcomes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The published literature lacks consensus as to which screening procedure (FPG, OGTT, and/or HbA1c) is the most appropriate.
“In addition, the published literature lacks consensus as to which screening procedure (FPG, OGTT, and/ or HbA 1c ) is the most appropriate (20,(28)(29)(30).”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,320 · see citing works
KORA - A Research Platform for Population Based Health Research
Holle, R., Happich, M., Löwel, H., & Wichmann, H. ‐. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858235 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Self-citationRathmann, W., Haastert, B., Icks, A., Löwel, H., Meisinger, C., Holle, R., & Giani, G. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-002-1025-0 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Self-citationKORA-gen - Resource for Population Genetics, Controls and a Broad Spectrum of Disease Phenotypes
Wichmann, H. ‐., Gieger, C., & Illig, T. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858226 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Prevalence and Determinants of Glucose Intolerance in a Dutch Caucasian Population: The Hoorn Study
Mooy, J. M., Grootenhuis, P. A., de Vries, H., Valkenburg, H. A., Bouter, L. M., Kostense, P. J., & Heine, R. J. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.9.1270 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
GRuttenfor the ADDITION Study Group, Lauritzen, T., Griffin, S. J., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Wareham, N., & Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801420 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The cost-effectiveness of screening for type 2 diabetes
The CDC Diabetes Cost-Effectiveness Study Group (1998) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.280.20.1757 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The MONICA Augsburg surveys—basis for prospective cohort studies.
Löwel, H., Döring, A., Schneider, A., Heier, M., Thorand, B., & Meisinger, C. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858234 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationShould we screen for type 2 diabetes? Evaluation against National Screening Committee criteria
Wareham, N. J., & Griffin, S. J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7292.986 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Löwel, H., Meisinger, C., Heier, M., & Hörmann, A. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858241 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationScreening for diabetes in general practice: cross sectional population study
Lawrence, J. M., Bennett, P., Young, A., & Robinson, A. M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7312.548 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes: Results from KORA Augsburg
Herder, C., Illig, T., Rathmann, W., Martin, S., Haastert, B., Müller-Scholze, S., Holle, R., Thorand, B., Koenig, W., Wichmann, H., et al. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858252 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationMacrovascular Risk and Diagnostic Criteria for Type 2 Diabetes
Jesudason, D. R., Dunstan, K., Leong, D., & Wittert, G. A. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2.485 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Chen, T. H.-H., Yen, M., & Tung, T. (2001) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00307-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Economics of Screening and Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Raikou, M., & McGuire, A. J. (2003) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-200321080-00002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Augsburg - an Epidemiological Overview
Meisinger, C., Döring, A., Heier, M., Thorand, B., & Löwel, H. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858251 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationRathmann, W., Haastert, B., Icks, A., Herder, C., Kolb, H., Holle, R., Mielck, A., Meisinger, C., Wichmann, H. ‐., & Giani, G. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858227 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetics of Type 2 Diabetes: Impact of Interleukin-6 Gene Variants
Illig, T., Bongardt, F., Schöpfer-Wendels, A., Huth, C., Heid, I. M., Rathmann, W., Martin, S., Vollmert, C., Holle, R., Thorand, B., et al. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858396 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth Inequalities among Persons with Type 2 Diabetes: The Example of Intermittent Claudication
Mielck, A., Reisig, V., & Rathmann, W. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858230 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationDisease-Management-Programme in Deutschland: Erste Reaktionen der Diabetiker
Eller, M., Satzinger, W., Holle, R., Meisinger, C., & Thorand, B. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858255 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationEconomic Evaluation of Alternative Indicators for Screening for Diabetes Mellitus
Shirasaya, K., Miyakawa, M., Yoshida, K., Takahashi, E., Shimada, N., & Kondo, T. (1999) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1999.0506 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
NHS Economic Evaluation Database(NHS EED)
(2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5614-7_2318 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Type 2 Diabetes
(2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-9-200405040-00002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [5]5. Streets P. Undiagnosed diabetes must be detected. BMJ 2001; 323: 453 -454
- [6]6. Harris MI, Eastman RC. Early detection of undiagnosed diabetes melli- tus: a US perspective. Diabetes and Metabolism Research and Reviews 2000; 16: 230 -236
- [11]11. Engelgau M, Venkat Narayan K, Thomson T et al. The cost-effective- ness of screening for type 2 diabetes. JAMA 1998; 280: 1757 -1763
- [14]14. Lee DS, Remington P, Madagame J et al. A cost analysis of community screening for diabetes in the Central Wisconsin Medicare population. Wisconsin Medical Journal 2000; 99: 39 -44 16
- [16]16. Zhang P, Engelgau M, Valdez R et al. Cost of screening for pre-diabetes among US adults. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 2536 -2542
- [19]19. Drummond MF, O'Brien BJ, Stoddart GL et al. Methods fort he econom- ic evaluation of health care programs. 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997 21 BMJ. Checklist for Health Economic Papers. www.bmj.com
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Kirkman, M. S., Lernmark, A., Metzger, B. E., & Nathan, D. M. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.161596 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
KORA - A Research Platform for Population Based Health Research
Holle, R., Happich, M., Löwel, H., & Wichmann, H. ‐. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858235 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Self-citationSacks, D. B., Arnold, M., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Kirkman, M. S., Lernmark, A., Metzger, B. E., & Nathan, D. M. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-9998 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Lernmark, Å., Metzger, B. E., Nathan, D. M., & Kirkman, M. S. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci23-0036 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M. A., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Lernmark, Å., Metzger, B. E., Nathan, D. M., & Kirkman, M. S. (2023) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvad080 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes: Results from KORA Augsburg
Herder, C., Illig, T., Rathmann, W., Martin, S., Haastert, B., Müller-Scholze, S., Holle, R., Thorand, B., Koenig, W., Wichmann, H., et al. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858252 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationvon Lengerke, T., Happich, M., Reitmeir, P., & John, J. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858510 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationRathmann, W., Haastert, B., Icks, A., Herder, C., Kolb, H., Holle, R., Mielck, A., Meisinger, C., Wichmann, H. ‐., & Giani, G. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858227 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationLonardo, A., Carulli, N., & Loria, P. (2007) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2007.05.005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes: Impact of Interleukin-6 Gene Variants
Illig, T., Bongardt, F., Schöpfer-Wendels, A., Huth, C., Heid, I. M., Rathmann, W., Martin, S., Vollmert, C., Holle, R., Thorand, B., et al. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858396 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationWerner, A., Reitmeir, P., & John, J. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858261 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth Inequalities among Persons with Type 2 Diabetes: The Example of Intermittent Claudication
Mielck, A., Reisig, V., & Rathmann, W. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858230 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationDisease-Management-Programme in Deutschland: Erste Reaktionen der Diabetiker
Eller, M., Satzinger, W., Holle, R., Meisinger, C., & Thorand, B. (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858255 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationMayige, M. T. (2014) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bevan, G., Poli, C. D., Keng, M. J., & Raine, R. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033483 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Amini, M., Timori, A., & Aminorroaya, A. (2008) · The Review of Diabetic Studies · doi:10.1900/rds.2008.5.52 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“However, the effectiveness of early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes has not yet been demonstrated, and the course of diabetes that is detected early has received little emphasis [5].”
BackgroundStollenwerk, B., Gandjour, A., Lüngen, M., & Siebert, U. (2012) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-012-0454-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In medicine, there are several fields in which screening methods are used [1–12].”
MethodCost‐Effectiveness of Interventions for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes
Li, R., & Zhang, P. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470682807.ch27 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M. A., Metzger, B. E., & Nathan, D. M. (2012) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Egidi, G. (2014) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-013-1119-y
Gesamtverzeichnis der Publikationen aus MONICA/KORA Augsburg 1984 bis Anfang 2005
KORA-Studiengruppe, M., & ] (2005) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-2005-858402
Herbal remedies for digestive health
Shaik, A. R., Tatineni, P. R., Alaparthi, B., Nelluri, K. D. D., & Veganti, S. H. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44295-7.00004-5
- Authors
- Icks, A., Rathmann, W., Haastert, B., John, J., Löwel, H., Holle, R., & Giani, G.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. (DE)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Venue
- Das Gesundheitswesen
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2005-07-20
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- S 01
- Pages
- 167-171
- ISSN
- 0941-3790 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-4421
- OpenAlex
- W2002045144
- Semantic Scholar
- 1dc345737097620e3cb547721848b352398b8cd0
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Das Gesundheitswesen (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes screening, cost-effectiveness, HbA1c testing, oral glucose tolerance test, cost per quality-adjusted life year, early detection of diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Registries, United States, Health Care Costs, Models, Economic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
