The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Smoking: A Risk Factor for Spontaneous Abortion
Abstract
We compared cigarette smoking during pregnancy among 574 women who aborted spontaneously (cases) and 320 women with delivery after at least 28 weeks' gestation (controls). Log-linear analysis was used to test the hypothesis that smoking is associated with spontaneous abortion. Several potentially confounding variables--namely, age at last menstrual period and the number of previous pregnancies ending in spontaneous abortion, in induced abortion and in live birth--were controlled in the analysis. Women who had aborted spontaneously reported smoking during pregnancy more often than those with delivery after 28 weeks' gestation: 41% of cases and 28% of controls smoked. The odds ratio for the highly significant association with smoking was 1.8. The association did not vary with age or previous obstetric events. We conclude that smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Behavioral and Neural Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine
ERNST, M., MOOLCHAN, E. T., & ROBINSON, M. L. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200106000-00007 · Cited by 590
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence
Fergusson, D. M., Woodward, L. J., & Horwood, L. J. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.8.721 · Cited by 396
Pineles, B. L., Park, E., & Samet, J. M. (2014) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwt334 · Cited by 387
ALCOHOL, SMOKING, AND INCIDENCE OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS IN THE FIRST AND SECOND TRIMESTER
Harlap, S., & Shiono, P. H. (1980) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90061-6 · Cited by 367
A Study of Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic Drugs and Fetal Loss in Nurses
Selevan, S. G., Lindbohm, M.-L., Hornung, R. W., & Hemminki, K. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198511073131901 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Kline, J., Stein, Z. A., Susser, M., & Warburton, D.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1977-10-13
- Volume
- 297
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 793-796
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W1983667127
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Smoking: A Risk Factor for Spontaneous Abortion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejm197710132971501
- The paper
- Kline, J., Stein, Z. A., Susser, M., & Warburton, D. (1977). Smoking: A Risk Factor for Spontaneous Abortion. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm197710132971501
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
