The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Diagnosis of Coliform Infection in Acutely Dysuric Women
Abstract
We reevaluated conventional criteria for diagnosing coliform infection of the lower urinary tract in symptomatic women by obtaining cultures of the urethra, vagina, midstream urine, and bladder urine. The traditional diagnostic criterion, greater than or equal to 10(5) bacteria per milliliter of midstream urine, identified only 51 per cent of women whose bladder urine contained coliformis. We found the best diagnostic criterion to be greater than or equal to 10(2) bacteria per milliliter (sensitivity, 0.95; specificity, 0.85). Although isolation of less than 10(5) coliforms per milliliter of midstream urine has had a low predictive value of previous studies of asymptomatic women, the predictive value of the criterion of greater than or equal to 10(2) per milliliter was high (0.88) among symptomatic women the prevalence of coliform infection exceeded 50 per cent. In view of these findings, clinicians and microbiologists should alter their approach to the diagnosis and treatment of women with acute symptomatic coliform infection of the lower urinary tract.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Urine cultures with less than 105CFU/mL may indicate urinary tract infection in symptomatic women.19-22”
From Performance of the dipstick screening test as a predictor of negative urine culture (2017) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
Identification of Enterobacteriaceae.
Edwards, P. R., & Ewing, W. H. (1972) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 2,019
KASS, E. H. (1957) · A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1957.00260110025004 · Cited by 678
Causes of the Acute Urethral Syndrome in Women
Stamm, W. E., Wagner, K. F., Amsel, R., Alexander, E. R., Turck, M., Counts, G. W., & Holmes, K. K. (1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198008213030801 · Cited by 481
Self-citationChemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs in the management of infections of the urinary tract
Kass, E. H. (1955) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(55)90190-x · Cited by 380
The Role of Vaginal Colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Recurrent Urinary Infections
Stamey, T. A., & Sexton, C. C. (1975) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)59447-1 · Cited by 246
Acute Infections of the Urinary Tract and the Urethral Syndrome in General Practice
Gallagher, D. J. A., Montgomerie, J. Z., & North, J. D. K. (1965) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5435.622 · Cited by 237
PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF URINARY-TRACT INFECTIONS IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Mond, N. C., Percival, A., Williams, J. D., & Brumfitt, W. (1965) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)92020-9 · Cited by 173
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Stamm, W. E., COUNTS, G. W., WAGNER, K. F., MARTIN, D., GREGORY, D., McKEVITT, M., TURCK, M., & HOLMES, K. K. (1980) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-770 · Cited by 164
Self-citationA Controlled Study of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis of Recurrent Urinary Infection in Women
Harding, G. K. M., & Ronald, A. (1974) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197409192911203 · Cited by 141
Microtest procedure for isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis
Yoder, B. L., Stamm, W. E., Koester, C. M., & Alexander, E. R. (1981) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.13.6.1036-1039.1981 · Cited by 123
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Kass, 1956, Trans Assoc Am Physicians, 69, 56
- Griner, 1981, Ann Intern Med, 94, 553
- Stamey, 1971, Calif Med, 115, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 758
Comparison of Norfloxacin Versus Nalidixic Acid in Therapy of Acute Urinary Tract Infections
Selin, L. K., Harding, G. K. M., Thomson, M., Kennedy, J. K., Urias, B., & Ronald, A. (1990) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/1990/482960 · Cited by 2
Automated instrument approaches to clinical microbiology
Pfaller, M. A. (1985) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/0732-8893(85)90049-5 · Cited by 2
Significance of low-count bacteriuria
Pezzlo, M. T. (1990) · Clinical Microbiology Newsletter · doi:10.1016/0196-4399(90)90009-z · Cited by 2
Bacterial Cultures for Cystitis
Washington, J. A. (1990) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-112-5-387 · Cited by 2
Discussion of R. A. Janknegt's presentation
Grabe, M. J. (1992) · Infection · doi:10.1007/bf01704382 · Cited by 2
Infections nosocomiales en chirurgie
Butreau-Lemaire, M. (2003) · Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses · doi:10.1016/s0399-077x(03)00156-2 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of the FiltraCheck-UTI for detection of bacteriuria
Stager, C. E., & Davis, J. R. (1990) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/0732-8893(90)90019-r · Cited by 2
Rapid Detection of Insignificant Bacteriuria by Concomitant Use of Lumac® System and Gram’s Stain
Park, C. H., Hixon, D. L., McClintock, C. C., Ferguson, C. B., Lawless, C. C., Risheim, C. C., & Cook, C. B. (1984) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/82.5.593 · Cited by 2
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY
Carson, C. C. (1993) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0094-0143(21)00506-1 · Cited by 2
CAN KASSTIGATION BEAT THE TRUTH OUT OF THE URETHRAL SYNDROME?
(1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90717-6 · Cited by 2
Ceylan, A. N., Toprak, A., Doymaz, M. Z., & Sümbül, B. (2024) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116192 · Cited by 1
Standing on the shoulders of Edward H. Kass
Joseph, A. (2025) · CMI Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cmicom.2025.105098 · Cited by 1
The epidemiology of bacteriuria in pregnancy
Zinner, S. H. (1990) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/bf00376602 · Cited by 1
History of Genitourinary Disease
Greenberg, A. (1990) · Cited by 1
Mohan, M. B., Jeevitha, S., Balajee, G., & Srinivasan, V. (2017) · Community Acquired Infection · doi:10.4103/cai.cai_22_16 · Cited by 1
Kanwar, S., Oberoi, L., Singh, K., & Devi, B. (2018) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20185372 · Cited by 1
PEDIATRIC URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Tarin, T. V., Shinghal, R., & Shortliffe, L. M. D. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3204-5.00013-x · Cited by 1
Norrby, S. R. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4064-1.00054-3 · Cited by 1
Sester, U. (2012) · Der Nephrologe · doi:10.1007/s11560-011-0632-5 · Cited by 1
Pagan, M., Racher, M. L., Phillips, A. M., Manning, N., Whittington, J. R., Thomas, S., & Magann, E. F. (2022) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0000000000000993 · Cited by 1
Diagnosis of Coliform Infection in Acutely Dysuric Women
(1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198302243080823 · Cited by 1
Non-Discussed Poster Presentations
(2009) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-009-0982-y · Cited by 1
Ayaz, M., Khan, S. A., Khalil, M. D., Khan, S. A., Shah, S. J., & Ullah, N. (2022) · Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences · doi:10.53350/pjmhs221610698 · Cited by 1
Non-Microbiological Tests for the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection
Nócua-Báez, L. C., & Cortés, J. A. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.110279 · Cited by 1
Saeki, M., Ichihara, K., Yasuda, M., Nirasawa, S., & Takahashi, S. (2023) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2023.04.012 · Cited by 1
Khan, A. (2023) · Pure and Applied Biology · doi:10.19045/bspab.2023.120131 · Cited by 1
UJJWALA, V., Kareemulla, S., CHELSIYA, K. B. H., ZEENTY, B., REDDY, A. V. S., & REDDY, R. M. (2023) · International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2023v15i5.3063 · Cited by 1
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Urinary Tract Infections in the Emergency Department
Redwood, R., & Claeys, K. C. (2024) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2024.01.001 · Cited by 2
Urinary Tract Infection in the Adult Female
Heisler, C. A., & Gebhart, J. B. (2008) · Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/spv.0b013e3181644aa6 · Cited by 1
Prise en charge des cystites chez la femme
Lobel, B. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-287-48617-3_5 · Cited by 1
Dysuria, Frequency, and Urgency
Wrenn, K. (1990) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1
Examen cytobactériologique des urines (ECBU)
Bonacorsi, S. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-09668-6.00018-4 · Cited by 1
Dewasy, B., Singh, R. K., Parajuli, S. B., Kafle, T. K., & Mishra, A. (2020) · Birat Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.3126/bjhs.v5i2.31373 · Cited by 1
Urine Sampling and Culture in the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection: A Review Article
Ali, I. M., & Wesonga, B. O. (2021) · EAS Journal of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.36349/easjms.2021.v03i04.001
Detection of Urinary Tract Infection in the Catheterized ICU Patient
Tambyah, P. A., & Maki, D. G. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0245-6_9 · Cited by 1
Rapid detection of bacteriuria by laser nephelometry
Richet, H., Bayardelle, P., & Lemarie, J. C. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.19.2.240-244.1984 · Cited by 1
Appropriate use of the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of infectious diseases
Bartels, J. H., & Weinstein, M. P. (1987) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/0196-6553(87)90094-0 · Cited by 1
Cost and usefulness of clinical microbiology services
Bartlett, R. C. (1985) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/bf02148685 · Cited by 1
Diagnosing urinary tract infections
Paris, P. M. (1984) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(84)80389-3 · Cited by 1
Bacterial Cultures for Cystitis
Johnson, J. R., & Stamm, W. E. (1990) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-112-12-966_1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationIs screening for bacteriuria in pregnancy worth while?
Smith, G. W. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6595.445-c · Cited by 1
Infectious Disease Problems in Adolescents
D’Angelo, L. J. (1986) · Journal of Adolescent Health Care · doi:10.1016/s0197-0070(20)30007-3 · Cited by 1
Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Disease
Savoia, M. C. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7216-0435-0.50020-1 · Cited by 1
Infección urinaria gestacional
Morán, A. L., Cardona, M. L., & Angarita, J. S. (1994) · Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología · doi:10.18597/rcog.795 · Cited by 1
Prevalence and resistance of the commensal flora in non‐hospitalized patients
den Heijer, C. D. J. (2013) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20130424ch · Cited by 1
Clinical evaluation of three rapid methods for the detection of significant bacteriuria
(1986) · Clinical Microbiology Newsletter · doi:10.1016/0196-4399(86)90045-0 · Cited by 1
Time to de-implement urine dipsticks in older adults
Leis, J. A., & Piggott, K. L. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.p2660 · Cited by 1
Laboratory Tests Used To Guide Antimicrobial Therapy
Rosenblatt, J. E. (1983) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(25)18708-9 · Cited by 1
Unspezifische Infektionen des Urogenitaltraktes
Meares, E. M. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76107-2_13 · Cited by 1
Urinary tract infection after vaginal repair surgery
Schi�tz, H. A. (1992) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/bf00454998 · Cited by 1
Hörner, R., Kocourek, G. E. D., Domingues, V. O., Rigatti, F., Bertoncheli, C. D. M., & Paraginski, G. L. (2008) · Americanae (AECID Library) · doi:10.5902/223658346491
Management of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Multiresistant Organisms
Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T. (2004) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-738-3_10
Outpatient Urinary Tract Infections in Young Women
Gleckman, R. A. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0780-6_10
İdrar Yolları Enfeksiyonlarının Konservatif Analiz ve Tedavisi
Yılmaz, A. T., Tanboğa, H., Ordulu, U., & Gül, S. (1986) · Turkiye Klinikleri Tip Bilimleri Dergisi
Conservation Of The Intracellular Bacterial Community Pathogenic Pathway In Urinary Tract Infection
Rosen, D. (2010) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7xk8cj7
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Consequences of Bacteriuria in Women with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Meiland, R. (2006) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Genitourinary Tract Infections
Haller, B. L. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815455.ch16
Microbiology of the Female Urethra and Adjacent Areas
Richmond, S. J. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-1392-8_10
Ferreira, A. M. (2011) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Diversity of Urine Bacteriology Practice in Ontario: An External Quality Assessment
Richardson, H., Fleming, C. A., & Mackenzie, A. M. R. (1996) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/1996/619596
The necessity of quantitative wound cultures
Woolfrey, B. F. (1984) · Clinical Microbiology Newsletter · doi:10.1016/s0196-4399(84)80096-3
Editorials: Single-dose Treatment of Acute Urinary Tract Infections?
Sander, J. (1987) · Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.3109/02813438709013979
Asymptomatic significant bacteriuria in the elderly
Oreopoulos, D. G., & Lam, D. T. Y. (1991) · Geriatric Nephrology and Urology · doi:10.1007/bf00451863
Discussion of C. M. Kunin's presentation
Stamm, W. E. (1994) · Infection · doi:10.1007/bf01716041
Self-citationProblem Areas in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections
Shalom, R. (1987) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.1987.9939010
The interaction of urinary tract infection and sexual intercourse in women
Melman, A. (1983) · Sexuality and Disability · doi:10.1007/bf01101556
Évaluation des réactifs Screen Gel® Uri et PRoxi's® pour le dépistage rapide des urines d'infection
Jg, B., Scheftel, J. M., Contant, G., Beaupère, F., Noël, M., & Vincent, M. C. (1998) · Revue Française des Laboratoires · doi:10.1016/s0338-9898(98)80092-9
Finegold, S. M. (1983) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(83)90085-2
Frequency of Multiple Isolates in Voided Versus Catheterized Urine
Flournoy, D. J. (1994) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb04983.x
Host‐Bacteria Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Urinary Tract Infections
Winberg, J., Bollgren, I., Jacobson, S. H., Källenius, G., Möllby, R., Roberts, J. A., Svenson, S. B., & Tullus, K. (1986) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.1986.tb00709.x
The necessity of quantitative wound cultures—A reply
Minshew, B. H. (1984) · Clinical Microbiology Newsletter · doi:10.1016/s0196-4399(84)80097-5
Interpretation of urine cultures
Bartlett, R. C. (1983) · Clinical Microbiology Newsletter · doi:10.1016/s0196-4399(83)80056-7
Kriterien der Infektdiagnostik beim Blasenverweilkatheter
Kramer, M. H., & Brühl, P. (1999) · Der Urologe B · doi:10.1007/s001310050253
Urine sampling in ambulatory women
Walter, F. G. (1990) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/0736-4679(90)90470-g
Managing acute cystitis in women—are we mistreating?
Bærheim, A. (2003) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmg429
Revista Saúde Vol 34, Santa Maria, 2008
Ufsm, R. S. (2013) · Saúde (Santa Maria) · doi:10.5902/2236583410241
«Einfache» Harnwegsinfektionen: Diagnostik, Therapie und Prophylaxe
Gerber, A. (2003) · Swiss Medical Forum ‒ Schweizerisches Medizin-Forum · doi:10.4414/smf.2003.04815
Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections in pregnancy – a review of the literature
Venyo, A.-G. (2013) · Hamdan Medical Journal · doi:10.7707/hmj.v6i2.209
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING FOR ACUTE DYSURIA IN ADULT WOMEN: THE CURRENT STATE
Hurlbut, T. A., & Pribor, H. C. (1990)
Mahadeva, A., Tănăsescu, R., & Gran, B. (2014)
Urinary Tract Infections: Managing Acute, Chronic and Difficult Cases
LaSala, C. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-167-9_12
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: To Treat or Not to Treat
Drekonja, D. M. (2009)
Renalka in UTI in Traumatic Paraplegia Patients
Khare, R., & Kulkarni, K. S. (2002)
Urinary Tract Infections in the Non-pregnant Woman
Satkunaratnam, A., & Drutz, H. P. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-84628-238-1_16
Araújo, A., & LINHARES, F. M. (2007)
Isolation andAntibiotic Susceptibility Patternof Bacteria Associated with Blood Stream Infections
PeterOgunlowo, O., Arimah, B. D., & Olajubutu, J. J. (2014)
DIAGNÓSTICO DE INFECÇÃO BACTERIANA DO TRATO URINÁRIO INFERIOR PELO EXAME A FRESCO DE URINA
Hey, S., de Medicina, E. P., & Mulinari, R. A. (1994)
Latham, R. H. (1985) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(20)30910-x
Quantitative Definition of Bacteriuria
II-Al-T, R. (1983)
Dos Nuevas Técnicas Manuales Rápidas para Antibiogramas Urinarios en 6 a 18 horas
de Danies, M. O. S. (1994) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Original, I., Cortés, J. A., Perdomo, D. A. C., Morales, R., Álvarez, C., Cuervo, S. I., Leal, A. L., Gómez-Rincón, J. C., Reyes, P., Pinilla, A. E., et al. (2015)
Comparison of Test Characteristics of Urine
Lammers, R. L., Gibson, S. C., Kovacs, D., Sears, W., & Strachan, G. (2001)
Sadeghi, E., Payandeh, M., Raeisi, D., Shahriari, A., Sadeghi, M., & Aeinfar, M. (2015) · Research Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.3923/jm.2015.447.451
Asymptomatic significant baeteriuria in the elderly
Oreopoulos, D. G., & Lain, D. T. Y. (1991)
Fallacies and misconceptions in diagnosing urinary tract infection
Swamy, S., Gorny, M., & Malone‐Lee, J. (2014) · doi:10.2217/fmeb2013.13.276 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Stamm, W. E., Counts, G. W., Running, K. R., Fihn, S., Turck, M., & Holmes, K. K.
- ORCID
- Holmes, King K.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1982-08-19
- Volume
- 307
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 463-468
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2323054812
- Cited by
- 760
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 34.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
- Keywords
- lower urinary tract infection, dysuria, women, diagnostic criteria, midstream urine culture, urethral culture, vaginal culture, sensitivity and specificity, asymptomatic women
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Female, Humans, Specimen Handling, Urinary Tract Infections, Urination Disorders, Urine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review