The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hip Fracture and the Use of Estrogens in Postmenopausal Women
Abstract
To assess the effect of postmenopausal use of estrogens on the subsequent risk of hip fracture, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 2873 women in the Framingham Heart Study. Information obtained at routine biennial examinations about the use of estrogens, body weight, age at menopause, smoking, and alcohol consumption was used to evaluate the risk of hip fracture among postmenopausal women who received estrogens. Hip fractures occurred in 179 postmenopausal women, at a rate that increased exponentially after the age of 50. The risk of fracture was inversely related to weight at all ages. The relative risk of hip fracture in subjects who had taken estrogens at any time was 0.65 after adjustment for age and weight (95 percent confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.98). The adjusted relative risk in women who had taken estrogens within the previous two years was further reduced, to 0.34 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.98). Taking estrogens within four years of menopause also protected against fracture. The number of women in each age group who took estrogens was insufficient for a definitive evaluation of risk, but recent use of estrogens appeared to be protective in women under the age of 65 (no fractures among those who took estrogens) and those 65 to 74. We cannot exclude some degree of selection bias among the women who received estrogen-replacement therapy. Nevertheless, this large cohort study supports the hypothesis that postmenopausal use of estrogens protects against subsequent hip fracture in women.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Epidemiological approaches to heart disease: the Framingham study
Dawber, T. R., Meadors, G. F., & Moore, F. E. (1951) · American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.41.3.279 · Cited by 2,148
ESTIMABILITY AND ESTIMATION IN CASE-REFERENT STUDIES
MIETTINEN, O. (1976) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220 · Cited by 1,321
Increased Risk of Endometrial Carcinoma among Users of Conjugated Estrogens
Ziel, H. K., & Finkle, W. D. (1975) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197512042932303 · Cited by 1,008
Association of Exogenous Estrogen and Endometrial Carcinoma
Smith, D. C., Prentice, R., Thompson, D. J., & Herrmann, W. L. (1975) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197512042932302 · Cited by 960
Source of Estrogen Production in Postmenopausal Women1
GRODIN, J. M., SIITERI, P. K., & MACDONALD, P. C. (1973) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-36-2-207 · Cited by 959
LONG-TERM PREVENTION OF POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS BY ŒSTROGEN
Lindsay, R., Aitken, J. M., Anderson, L. B., Hart, D. M., Macdonald, E. B., & Clarke, A. C. (1976) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92217-0 · Cited by 952
Decreased Risk of Fractures of the Hip and Lower Forearm with Postmenopausal Use of Estrogen
Weiss, N. S., Ure, C. L., Ballard, J. H., Williams, A. R., & Daling, J. R. (1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198011203032102 · Cited by 775
Long-Term Estrogen Replacement Therapy Prevents Bone Loss and Fractures
ETTINGER, B., GENANT, H. K., & CANN, C. E. (1985) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-102-3-319 · Cited by 774
Prevention of spinal osteoporosis in oophorectomised women
Lindsay, R., Hart, D. M., Forrest, C., & Baird, C. (1980) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92592-1 · Cited by 706
Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects.
Bell, N. H., Epstein, S., Greene, A., Shary, J., Oexmann, M. J., & Shaw, S. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111971 · Cited by 685
Cited by
Black, D. M., Cummings, S. R., Karpf, D. B., Cauley, J. A., Thompson, D. E., Nevitt, M. C., Bauer, D. C., Genant, H. K., Haskell, W. L., Marcus, R., et al. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07088-2 · Cited by 3,846
Effect of Risedronate on the Risk of Hip Fracture in Elderly Women
McClung, M. R., Geusens, P., Miller, P. D., Zippel, H., Bensen, W. G., Roux, C., Adami, S., Fogelman, I., Diamond, T., Eastell, R., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200102013440503 · Cited by 1,918
Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: A meta-analysis
De Laet, C., Kanis, J. A., Odén, A., Johanson, H., Johnell, O., Delmas, P., Eisman, J. A., Kroger, H., Fujiwara, S., Garnero, P., et al. (2005) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1863-y · Cited by 1,622
Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinaemia: Mechanisms, Clinical Features and Management
Haddad, P. M., & Wieck, A. (2004) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200464200-00003 · Cited by 634
Homocysteine as a Predictive Factor for Hip Fracture in Older Persons
McLean, R. R., Jacques, P. F., Selhub, J., Tucker, K. L., Samelson, E. J., Broe, K. E., Hannan, M. T., Cupples, L. A., & Kiel, D. P. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa032739 · Cited by 589
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kiel, D. P., Felson, D. T., Anderson, J. J., Wilson, P. W. F., & Moskowitz, M. A.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1987-11-05
- Volume
- 317
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1169-1174
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2341127235
- Cited by
- 632
- References
- 37
- FWCI
- 20.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Hip Fracture and the Use of Estrogens in Postmenopausal Women. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejm198711053171901
- The paper
- Kiel, D. P., Felson, D. T., Anderson, J. J., Wilson, P. W. F., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1987). Hip Fracture and the Use of Estrogens in Postmenopausal Women. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198711053171901
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
