The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Consumer-Choice Health Plan for the 1990s
Abstract
America's health care economy is a paradox of excess and deprivation. We spend more than 11 percent of the gross national product on health care, yet roughly 35 million Americans have no financial protection from medical expenses. To an increasing degree, the present financing system is inflationary, unfair, and wasteful. In its place we need a strategy that addresses the whole system, offers financial protection from health care expenses to all, and promotes the development of economical financing and delivery arrangements. Such a strategy must be designed to be broadly acceptable in our society. To remedy the deprivation, we propose that everyone not covered by Medicare, Medicaid, or some other public program be enabled to buy affordable coverage, either through their employers or through a "public sponsor." To attack the excess, we propose a strategy of managed competition in which collective agents, called sponsors, such as the Health Care Financing Administration and large employers, contract with competing health plans and manage a process of informed cost-conscious consumer choice that rewards providers who deliver high-quality care economically.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Dealing With Medical Practice Variations: A Proposal for Action
Wennberg, J. E. (1984) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.3.2.6 · Cited by 712
(1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806093182327 · Cited by 696
Ellwood, P. M. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806093182329 · Cited by 589
A Controlled Trial of the Effect of a Prepaid Group Practice on Use of Services
Manning, W. G., Leibowitz, A., Goldberg, G. A., Rogers, W. H., & Newhouse, J. P. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198406073102305 · Cited by 572
Variations in Physician Practice: The Role of Uncertainty
Eddy, D. M. (1984) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.3.2.74 · Cited by 569
The Appropriateness of Carotid Endarterectomy
Winslow, C. M., Solomon, D. H., Chassin, M. R., Kosecoff, J., Merrick, N. J., & Brook, R. H. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198803243181201 · Cited by 488
Poor Support: Poverty in the American Family.
Hutchens, R., & Ellwood, D. T. (1990) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2524142 · Cited by 401
Enthoven, A. C. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197803232981204 · Cited by 346
Self-citationInappropriate Use of Hospitals in a Randomized Trial of Health Insurance Plans
Siu, A. L., Sonnenberg, F. A., Manning, W. G., Goldberg, G. A., Bloomfield, E. S., Newhouse, J. P., & Brook, R. H. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198611133152005 · Cited by 286
Risk Adjusting Health Care Outcomes: A Methodologic Review
Blumberg, M. S. (1986) · Medical Care Review · doi:10.1177/107755878604300205 · Cited by 127
Cited by
Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation
Jamison, D. T., Summers, L. H., Alleyne, G., Arrow, K. J., Berkley, S., Binagwaho, A., Bustreo, F., Evans, D., Feachem, R. G. A., Frenk, J., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62105-4 · Cited by 1,220
Think Tanks, Public Policy, and the Politics of Expertise
Rich, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511509889 · Cited by 499
The Effect on Test Ordering of Informing Physicians of the Charges for Outpatient Diagnostic Tests
Tierney, W. M., Miller, M. E., & McDonald, C. J. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199005243222105 · Cited by 405
The concept of stewardship in health policy.
Saltman, R. B., & Ferroussier‐Davis, O. (2000) · PubMed · doi:10.1590/s0042-96862000000600005 · Cited by 294
Metadata
- Authors
- Enthoven, A., & Kronick, R.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1989-01-05
- Volume
- 320
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-37
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2032336205
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 179.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Consumer-Choice Health Plan for the 1990s. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejm198901053200106
- The paper
- Enthoven, A., & Kronick, R. (1989). A Consumer-Choice Health Plan for the 1990s. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198901053200106
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
