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Advances in Diagnostic Imaging and Overestimations of Disease Prevalence and the Benefits of Therapy
Open accessAbstract
Over the past two decades a vast new armamentarium of diagnostic techniques has revolutionized the practice of medicine. The entire human body can now be imaged in exquisite anatomical detail. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography routinely “section” patients into slices less than a centimeter thick. Abnormalities can be detected well before they produce any clinical signs or symptoms. Undoubtedly, these technological advances have enhanced the physician's potential for understanding disease and treating patients. Unfortunately, these technological advances also create confusion that may ultimately be harmful to patients. Consider the case of prostate cancer. Although the prevalence . . .
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“The prevalence of any disease increases with the observer’s ability to detect the abnormalities associated with the disease (32).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Black, W. C., & Welch, H. G.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1993-04-29
- Volume
- 328
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1237-1243
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2327648646
- Cited by
- 547
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 22.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiology practices and education
- Keywords
- diagnostic imaging, disease prevalence, prostate cancer, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, incidental finding
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Decision Making, Diagnostic Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Thyroid Neoplasms, Bias, Prevalence, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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