The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bacterial Pneumonia in Persons Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk for bacterial pneumonia in addition to opportunistic infection. However, the risk factors for bacterial pneumonia and its incidence in this population are not well defined. METHODS: In a multicenter, prospective, observational study, we monitored 1130 HIV-positive and 167 HIV-negative participating adults for up to 64 months for pulmonary disease. The HIV-positive group comprised 814 homosexual or bisexual men, 261 injection-drug users, and 55 female partners of HIV-infected men. RESULTS: There were 237 episodes of bacterial pneumonia among the HIV-positive participants (rate, 5.5 per 100 person-years), as compared with 6 episodes among the HIV-negative participants (rate, 0.9 per 100 person-years; P < 0.001). The rate of bacterial pneumonia increased with decreasing CD4 lymphocyte counts (2.3, 6.8, and 10.8 episodes per 100 person-years in the strata with more than 500, 200 to 500, and fewer than 200 cells per cubic millimeter, respectively; P < or = 0.022 for each comparison). Injection-drug users had a higher rate of bacterial pneumonia than did homosexual or bisexual men or female partners. In the stratum with the fewest CD4 lymphocytes, cigarette smoking was associated with an increased rate of pneumonia. Mortality was almost four times higher among participants with an episode of pneumonia than among the others. Prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with a 67 percent reduction in confirmed episodes of bacterial pneumonia (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial pneumonia is more frequent in HIV-positive persons than in seronegative controls, and the risk is highest among those with CD4 lymphocyte counts below 200 per cubic millimeter and among injection-drug users.
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Cites
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PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE AETIOLOGY AND OUTCOME OF PNEUMONIA IN THE COMMUNITY
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Bacterial Pneumonia in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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Cited by
Cigarette Smoking and Infection
Arcavi, L., & Benowitz, N. L. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.20.2206 · Cited by 1,020
Yeni, P. G., Hammer, S. M., Carpenter, C. C. J., Cooper, D. A., Fischl, M. A., Gatell, J. M., Gazzard, B. G., Hirsch, M. S., Jacobsen, D. M., Katzenstein, D. A., et al. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.2.222 · Cited by 709
Immunomodulatory effects of cigarette smoke
Sopori, M. L., & Kozak, W. (1998) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00231-2 · Cited by 339
Loss of memory B cells impairs maintenance of long-term serologic memory during HIV-1 infection
Titanji, K. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-11-013383 · Cited by 293
Smoking and the outcome of infection: Review: Smoking and infection
Huttunen, R., Heikkinen, T., & Syrjänen, J. (2011) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02332.x · Cited by 194
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirschtick, R. E., Glassroth, J., Jordan, M. C., Wilcosky, T. C., Wallace, J. M., Kvale, P. A., Markowitz, N., Rosen, M. J., Mangura, B. T., & Hopewell, P. C.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1995-09-28
- Volume
- 333
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 845-851
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2332180578
- Cited by
- 615
- References
- 28
- FWCI
- 26.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Hirschtick, R. E., Glassroth, J., Jordan, M. C., Wilcosky, T. C., Wallace, J. M., Kvale, P. A., Markowitz, N., Rosen, M. J., Mangura, B. T., & Hopewell, P. C. (1995). Bacterial Pneumonia in Persons Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199509283331305
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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