Smoking and the outcome of infection: Review: Smoking and infection

Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

Mandell, L. A., Wunderink, R. G., Anzueto, A., Bartlett, J. G., Campbell, G. D., Dean, N. C., Dowell, S. F., File, T. M., Musher, D. M., Niederman, M. S., et al. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/511159 · Cited by 6,182 · see citing works

Mortality in relation to smoking : 40 years' observations on male British doctors

Doll, H. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,417 · see citing works

Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors

Doll, R., Peto, R., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., & Sutherland, I. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.901 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works

Prognosis and Outcomes of Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Fine, M. J. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530260048030 · Cited by 1,309 · see citing works

Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system

Sopori, M. L. (2002) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri803 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works

Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors

Doll, R., Peto, R., Hall, E., Wheatley, K., & Gray, R. G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.911 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works

Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: a randomised clinical trial

Møller, A. M., Villebro, N., Pedersen, T., & Tønnesen, H. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07369-5 · Cited by 1,109 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking and Infection

Arcavi, L., & Benowitz, N. L. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.20.2206 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works

Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children's health.

Difranza, J., Aligne, C., & Weitzman, M. (2004) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.113.s3.1007 · Cited by 806 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

Nuorti, J. P., Butler, J. C., Farley, M. M., Harrison, L. H., McGeer, A., KOLCZAK, M. S., & Breiman, R. F. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200003093421002 · Cited by 796 · see citing works

Tobacco Smoke, Indoor Air Pollution and Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lin, H.-H., Ezzati, M., & Murray, M. B. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040020 · Cited by 740 · see citing works

Assessment of Risk for Periodontal Disease. II. Risk Indicators for Alveolar Bone Loss

Grossi, S. G., Genco, R. J., Machtet, E. E., Ho, A. W., Koch, G. G., Dunford, R. G., Zambon, J. J., & Hausmann, E. (1995) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1995.66.1.23 · Cited by 735 · see citing works

The health consequences of involuntary smoking : a report of the Surgeon General

Education. Office on Smoking (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 687 · see citing works

How cigarette smoke skews immune responses to promote infection, lung disease and cancer

Stämpfli, M. R., & Anderson, G. P. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2530 · Cited by 668 · see citing works

Bacterial Pneumonia in Persons Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Hirschtick, R. E., Glassroth, J. L., Jordan, M. C., Wilcosky, T. C., Wallace, J. M., Kvale, P. A., Markowitz, N. P., Rosen, M. J., Mangura, B. T., & Hopewell, P. C. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199509283331305 · Cited by 609 · see citing works

Evidence for Cigarette Smoking as a Major Risk Factor for Periodontitis

Haber, J., Wattles, J., Crowley, M., Mandell, R. L., JOSHIPURA, K. J., & Kent, R. (1993) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.16 · Cited by 602 · see citing works

Emerging tobacco hazards in China: 1. Retrospective proportional mortality study of one million deaths

Liu, B.-Q., Peto, R., Chen, Z. M., Boreham, J., Wu, Y., Li, J. Y., Campbell, T. C., & Chen, J.-S. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7170.1411 · Cited by 570 · see citing works

Relationship Between Steatosis, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data

Leandro, G., Mangia, A., Hui, J. M., Fabris, P., Rubbia‐Brandt, L., Colloredo, G., Adinolfi, L. E., Asselah, T., Jonsson, J. R., Smedile, A., et al. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.03.014 · Cited by 562 · see citing works

A Nationally Representative Case–Control Study of Smoking and Death in India

Jha, P., Jacob, B. J., Gajalakshmi, V., Gupta, P. C., Dhingra, N., Kumar, R., Sinha, D. N., Dikshit, R. P., Parida, D. K., Kamadod, R., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa0707719 · Cited by 554 · see citing works

Risk of Tuberculosis From Exposure to Tobacco Smoke

Bates, M. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.4.335 · Cited by 553 · see citing works

Abstinence From Smoking Reduces Incisional Wound Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sorensen, L. T., Karlsmark, T., & Gottrup, F. (2003) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000074980.39700.31 · Cited by 551 · see citing works

Incidence, organ dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis: a Spanish multicentre study

Blanco, J., Muriel-Bombín, A., Sagredo-Meneses, V., Taboada, F., Gandía, F., Tamayo, L., Collado, J., García-Labattut, Á., Carriedo, D., Valledor, M., et al. (2008) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc7157 · Cited by 519 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking Decreases Tissue Oxygen

Jensen, J. A. (1991) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410330093013 · Cited by 517 · see citing works

Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: retrospective study of 43 000 adult male deaths and 35 000 controls

Gajalakshmi, V., Peto, R., Kanaka, T. S., & Jha, P. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14109-8 · Cited by 476 · see citing works

Early Wound Complications of Operative Treatment of Calcaneus Fractures: Analysis of 190 Fractures

Folk, J. W., Starr, A. J., & Early, J. S. (1999) · Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma · doi:10.1097/00005131-199906000-00008 · Cited by 406 · see citing works

Health effects of passive smoking. 1. Parental smoking and lower respiratory illness in infancy and early childhood.

Strachan, D. P., & Cook, D. G. (1997) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.52.10.905 · Cited by 383 · see citing works

Tobacco smoking and chronic destructive periodontal disease

Bergstr�m, J. (2004) · Odontology · doi:10.1007/s10266-004-0043-4 · Cited by 369 · see citing works

A 10‐Year Prospective Study of Tobacco Smoking and Periodontal Health

Bergström, J., Eliasson, S., & Dock, J. (2000) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.8.1338 · Cited by 363 · see citing works

INFANT ADMISSIONS TO HOSPITAL AND MATERNAL SMOKING

Harlap, S., & Davies, A. M. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)92714-7 · Cited by 349 · see citing works

A Prospective Study of Age and Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Community-Acquired Pneumonia in US Men and Women

Baik, I., Curhan, G. C., Rimm, E. B., Bendich, A., Willett, W. C., & Fawzi, W. W. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.20.3082 · Cited by 346 · see citing works

Tobacco and tuberculosis: a qualitative systematic review and meta-analysis.

Slama, K., Chiang, C.-Y., Enarson, D. A., Hassmiller, K. M., Fanning, A., Gupta, P., & Ray, C. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 339 · see citing works

ACCELERATED STUDENTS

Chapman, C. B. (1975) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92882-2 · Cited by 338 · see citing works

Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. A meta-analysis

Fine, M. J. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.275.2.134 · Cited by 337 · see citing works

Smoking and causes of death among U.S. veterans: 16 years of observation.

Rogot, E., & Jl, M. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 329 · see citing works

Less collagen production in smokers

Jørgensen, L. N., Kallehave, F., Christensen, E., Siana, J. E., & Gottrup, F. (1998) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0039-6060(98)70167-9 · Cited by 322 · see citing works

Smoking vs Other Risk Factors as the Cause of Smoking-Attributable Deaths

Thun, M. J., Apicella, L. F., & Henley, S. J. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.6.706 · Cited by 307 · see citing works

Mortality rate attributable to ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit: A prospective case-control study

Bercault, N., & Boulain, T. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200112000-00012 · Cited by 304 · see citing works

Cirrhosis as a Risk Factor for Sepsis and Death

Foreman, M. G., Mannino, D. M., & Moss, M. (2003) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.124.3.1016 · Cited by 301 · see citing works

Prospective Study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis in Asymptomatic Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers

Yu, M., Hsu, F.-C., Sheen, I. S., Chu, C., Lin, D., Chen, C., & Liaw, Y. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009060 · Cited by 289 · see citing works

Risk Factors for Tissue and Wound Complications in Gastrointestinal Surgery

Sørensen, L. T., Hemmingsen, U., Kallehave, F., Wille-Jørgensen, P., Kjærgaard, J., Møller, L. N., & Jørgensen, T. (2005) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000157131.84130.12 · Cited by 285 · see citing works

Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with an increased incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome and severity of multiple organ dysfunction in patients with septic shock

Moss, M. M., Parsons, P. E., Steinberg, K. P., Hudson, L. D., Guidot, D. M., Burnham, E. L., Eaton, S., & Cotsonis, G. (2003) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000055389.64497.11 · Cited by 278 · see citing works

Smoking as a risk factor for wound healing and infection in breast cancer surgery

Sørensen, L. T., Hørby, J., Friis, E., Pilsgaard, B., & Jørgensen, T. (2002) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1053/ejso.2002.1308 · Cited by 276 · see citing works

Smoking and periodontal disease severity

Martínez‐Canut, P., Lorca, A., & Magán, R. (1995) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1995.tb00256.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works

Low natural killer‐cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects

Ferson, M. J., Edwards, A., Lind, A., Milton, G. W., & Hersey, P. (1979) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910230504 · Cited by 271 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking and Periodontal Bone Loss

Bergström, J., Eliasson, S., & Preber, H. (1991) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1991.62.4.242 · Cited by 265 · see citing works

Broad-spectrum Redefined

Hugh, A. E., & FOX, J. A. (1963) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(63)90357-x · Cited by 260 · see citing works

Alcohol dependence is independently associated with sepsis, septic shock, and hospital mortality among adult intensive care unit patients*

O’Brien, J. M., Lü, B., Ali, N. A., Martin, G. S., Aberegg, S. K., Marsh, C. B., Lemeshow, S. A., & Douglas, I. S. (2007) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000254340.91644.b2 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Association of Cigarette Smoking With HIV Prognosis Among Women in the HAART Era: A Report From the Women’s Interagency HIV Study

Feldman, J. G., Minkoff, H., Schneider, M. F., Gange, S. J., Cohen, M. H., Watts, D. H., Gandhi, M., Mocharnuk, R. S., & Anastos, K. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.062745 · Cited by 255 · see citing works

Exposure to tobacco smoking and periodontal health

Bergström, J., Eliasson, S., & Dock, J. (2000) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027001061.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works

The impact of cigarette smoking on mortality, quality of life, and comorbid illness among HIV-positive veterans

Crothers, K. A., Griffith, T. A., McGinnis, K. A., Rodriguez‐Barradas, M. C., Leaf, D. A., Weissman, S., Gibert, C. L., Butt, A. A., & Justice, A. C. (2005) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0255.x · Cited by 248 · see citing works

Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Kern County, California, 1995–1996

Rosenstein, N. E., Emery, K. W., Werner, S. B., Kao, A., Johnson, R., Rogers, D., Vugia, D., Reingold, A., Talbot, R., Plikaytis, B. D., et al. (2001) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/319203 · Cited by 232 · see citing works

Active and passive smoking and development of glucose intolerance among young adults in a prospective cohort: CARDIA study

Houston, T. K., Person, S. D., Pletcher, M. J., Liu, K., Iribarren, C., & Kiefe, C. I. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38779.584028.55 · Cited by 226 · see citing works

Co‐twin control study of the relationship between smoking and some periodontal disease factors

Bergström, J., & FLODERUS-MYRHED, B. (1983) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1983.tb01367.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Cigarette smoking and alveolar bone height in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene

Bergström, J., & Eliasson, S. (1987) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1987.tb02253.x · Cited by 214 · see citing works

Tobacco smoke as a risk factor for meningococcal disease

Fischer, M., Hedberg, K., CARDOSI, P., Plikaytis, B. D., Hoesly, F. C., Steingart, K. R., BELL, T. A., Fleming, D., Wenger, J. D., & Perkins, B. A. (1997) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/00006454-199710000-00015 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking and Hepatic Lesions in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C

Pessione, F., Ramond, M.-J., Njapoum, C., Duchatelle, V., Degott, C., Erlinger, S., RUEFF, B., Valla, D. C., & Degos, F. (2001) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.25385 · Cited by 207 · see citing works

Mortality and smoking in Hong Kong: case-control study of all adult deaths in 1998

Lam, T., Ho, S. Y., Hedley, A. J., Mak, K. H., & Peto, R. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7309.361 · Cited by 200 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Epidemic A(H1N1) Influenza in Young Men

Kark, J. D., Lebiush, M., & RANNON, L. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198210213071702 · Cited by 197 · see citing works

Importance of pre-existing co-morbidities for prognosis of septicemia in critically ill patients

Pittet, D., Thiévent, B., Wenzel, R. P., Li, N., Gürman, G., & Suter, P. M. (1993) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01690546 · Cited by 191 · see citing works

Effects of cigarette smoke on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract.

Dye, J. A., & Adler, K. B. (1994) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.49.8.825 · Cited by 191 · see citing works

The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on T Cell Subsets: A Population-based Survey of Healthy Caucasians

Tollerud, D. J., Clark, J. W., Brown, L. M., et al. (1989) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/139.6.1446 · Cited by 189 · see citing works

Prospective study of pneumonia hospitalizations and mortality of U.S. older people: the role of chronic conditions, health behaviors, and nutritional status.

LaCroix, A. Z., Lipson, S., Miles, T. P., & White, L. R. (1989) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 188 · see citing works

The Depressant Effect of Cigarette Smoke on the in Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Alveolar Macrophages

Green, G. M., & Carolin, D. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196702232760801 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Meta-analysis on the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood

Li, J. S. M., Peat, J. K., Xuan, W., & Berry, G. (1999) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0496(199901)27:1 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Prospective Study of Prognostic Factors in Community‐Acquired Bacteremic Pneumococcal Disease in 5 Countries

Kalin, M., Örtqvist, Å., Almela, M., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315760 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Impact of smoking on the clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters of adult patients with periodontitis

Apatzidou, D. A., Riggio, M. P., & Kinane, D. F. (2005) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00788.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking and Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix: Smoke Constituents in Cervical Mucus

(1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198501313120516 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Longitudinal study of prognostic factors in established periodontitis patients

Machtei, E. E., Dunford, R. G., Hausmann, E., Grossi, S. G., Powell, J. R., Cummins, D., Zambon, J. J., & Genco, R. J. (1997) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1997.tb00474.x · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Rhinovirus infections in an industrial population. II. Characteristics of illness and antibody response

Gwaltney, J. M. (1967) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.202.6.494 · Cited by 166 · see citing works

Tobacco associated mortality in Mumbai (Bombay) India. Results of the Bombay Cohort Study

Gupta, P. C., Pednekar, M. S., Parkin, D. M., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2005) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyi196 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Smoking, the environment and meningococcal disease: a case control study

Stanwell, R. E., Stuart, J. M., Hughes, A., Robinson, P. M., Griffin, M., & Cartwright, K. A. V. (1994) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268800057733 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Course and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a retrospective analysis of 308 episodes in a Swiss tertiary-care centre

Kaech, C., Elzi, L., Sendi, P., Frei, R., Laifer, G., Bassetti, S., & Flückiger, U. M. (2006) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01359.x · Cited by 155 · see citing works

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Periodontal Status of Healthy Young Adults

Machuca‐Portillo, G., Rosales, I., Lacalle-Remigio, J. R., et al. (2000) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.1.73 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

Cigarette smoke worsens lung inflammation and impairs resolution of influenza infection in mice

Gualano, R. C., Hansen, M. J., Vlahos, R., Jones, J. E. C., Park-Jones, R. A., Deliyannis, G., Turner, S. J., Duca, K., & Anderson, G. P. (2008) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/1465-9921-9-53 · Cited by 152 · see citing works

Risk of severe periodontal disease in a Swedish adult population

Norderyd, O. M., Hugoson, A., & Grusovin, G. M. (1999) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.1999.260908.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Population Attributable Fraction of Mortality Associated with Tobacco Smoking in Japan: A Pooled Analysis of Three Large-scale Cohort Studies

Katanoda, K., Marugame, T., Saika, K., Satoh, H., Tajima, K., Suzuki, T., Tamakoshi, A., Tsugane, S., & Sobue, T. (2008) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je2007429 · Cited by 148 · see citing works

The clinical and microbiological effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in smokers and non‐smokers

Renvert, S., Dahlén, G., & Wikström, M. B. (1998) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02421.x · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Epidemiologic risk factors for periodontal attachment loss among adults in the United States

Hyman, J. J., & Reid, B. C. (2003) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00157.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Severe Human Influenza Infections in Thailand: Oseltamivir Treatment and Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome

Hanshaoworakul, W., Simmerman, J. M., Narueponjirakul, U., Sanasuttipun, W., Shinde, V., Kaewchana, S., Areechokechai, D., Levy, J., & Ungchusak, K. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006051 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Tobacco attributable deaths in South Africa

Sitas, F., Urban, M. I., Bradshaw, D., Kielkowski, D., Bah, S. M., & Peto, R. (2004) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2004.007682 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

EFFECT OF SMOKING ON MENINGOCOCCAL CARRIAGE

Stuart, J. M., Robinson, P., Cartwright, K. V., et al. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90781-2 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Pneumococcal pneumonia presenting with septic shock: host- and pathogen-related factors and outcomes

García‐Vidal, C., Ardanuy, C., Tubau, F., et al. (2009) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2009.123612 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

The Risk of Death by Age, Sex, and Smoking Status in the United States: Putting Health Risks in Context

Woloshin, S., Schwartz, L. M., & Welch, H. G. (2008) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djn124 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking—Attributable Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost—United States, 1990

(1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510120024008 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

The effect of changed smoking habits on marginal alveolar bone loss. A longitudinal study.

Bolin, A., Eklund, G., Frithiof, L., & Lavstedt, S. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 126 · see citing works

Influence of Comorbid Conditions on Long‐Term Mortality After Pneumonia in Older People

Yende, S. P., Angus, D. C., Ali, I. S., Somes, G. W., Newman, A. B., Bauer, D. C., Garcia, M. N., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Study, F. T. H. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01100.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works

Impact of smoking on histological liver lesions in chronic hepatitis C

Hézode, C., Lonjon, I., Roudot‐Thoraval, F., Mavier, J.-P., Pawlotsky, J., Zafrani, E. S., & Dhumeaux, D. (2002) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.1.126 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

Factors impacting on length of stay and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia

Garau, J., Baquero, F., Pérez-Trallero, E., Pérez, J., Martín‐Sánchez, A. M., Garcı́a-Rey, C., Martín-Herrero, J. E., & Dal−Ré, R. (2008) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01915.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking, Bacterial Pneumonia, and Other Clinical Outcomes in HIV-1 Infection

Burns, D. N., Hillman, D. R., Neaton, J. D., Sherer, R. D., Mitchell, T. F., Capps, L., Vallier, W. G., & Thurnherr, M. D. (1996) · Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology · doi:10.1097/00042560-199612010-00012 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Suppurative Mediastinitis After Open-Heart Surgery: A Case-Control Study Covering a Seven-Year Period in Santander, Spain

Fariñas, M. C., Peralta, G., Bernal, J. M. L., et al. (1995) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/20.2.272 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

A prospective study of HIV disease progression in female and male drug users

Webber, M. P., Schoenbaum, E. E., Gourevitch, M. N., Buono, D. L., & Klein, R. S. (1999) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199902040-00014 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Impact of tobacco use on the development of opportunistic respiratory infections in HIV seropositive patients on antiretroviral therapy

Míguez‐Burbano, M. J., Burbano, X., Ashkin, D., Pitchenik, A. E., Rodriguez, A., Pineda-Medina, L., Rodriguez, N., & Shor‐Posner, G. (2003) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1080/1355621031000069864 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Passive Smoking and Tuberculosis

Leung, C. C. (2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.506 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

The association between cigarette smoking and selected HIV-related medical conditions.

Conley, L. J., Bush, T. J., Buchbinder, S., Penley, K. A., Judson, F. N., & Holmberg, S. D. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Risk and Protective Factors Related to Mortality from Pneumonia among Middleaged and Elderly Community Residents: The JACC Study

Inoue, Y., Koizumi, A., Wada, Y., Iso, H., Watanabe, Y., Date, C., Yamamoto, A., Kikuchi, S., Inaba, Y., Toyoshima, H., et al. (2007) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.17.194 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Risk factors for death and hospitalization from pneumonia. A prospective study of a general population

Lange, P., Vestbo, J., & Nyboe, J. (1995) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.95.08101694 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Smoking-related morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation

Leithead, J., Ferguson, J., & Hayes, P. C. (2008) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.21471 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Acute Respiratory Tract Illness in Young Adults

Aronson, M. D. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03330020025023 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

The effect of cigarette smoking on the development of AIDS in HIV-1-seropositive individuals

Nieman, R. B., Fleming, J., Coker, R. J., Harris, J. R., & Mitchell, D. M. (1993) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199305000-00015 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Obesity and smoking are factors associated with poor prognosis in patients with bacteraemia

Huttunen, R., Laine, J., Lumio, J., Vuento, R., & Syrjänen, J. (2007) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-13 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

A Study of Risk Factors for Pneumococcal Disease among Children in a Rural Area of West Africa

O’Dempsey, T., MCARDLE, T. F., Morris, J., et al. (1996) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/25.4.885 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Increased risk of Pneumocystis carinii and community-acquired pneumonia with tobacco use in HIV disease

Míguez‐Burbano, M. J., Ashkin, D., Rodriguez, A. E., DUNCAN, R. C., Pitchenik, A. E., Quintero, N., Flores, M., & Shor‐Posner, G. (2005) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2004.07.010 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Phagocytosis and Killing of Listeria monocytogenes by Alveolar Macrophages: Smokers Versus Nonsmokers

King, T. E., Savici, D., & Campbell, P. A. (1988) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/158.6.1309 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Effect of Smoking on the Clinical Progression of HIV-1 Infection

Galai, N., Park, L. P., Wesch, J. E., Visscher, B. R., Riddler, S. A., & Margolick, J. B. (1997) · Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology · doi:10.1097/00042560-199704150-00009 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Environmental Risk Factors for Community‐Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalization in Older Adults

Loeb, M. B., Neupane, B., Walter, S. D., Hanning, R. M., Carusone, S. C., Lewis, D., Krueger, P. D., Simor, A. E., Nicolle, L. E., & Marrie, T. J. (2009) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02259.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works

HIV infection, cigarette smoking and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts: preliminary results from the San Francisco Men's Health Study.

Royce, R. A., & Winkelstein, W. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Disseminated cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected patients

Chuang, Y.-H., Ho, Y., Chang, H.-Y., Yu, C., Yang, P., & Hsueh, P. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-007-0430-1 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Association of HIV Infection, Demographic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors With All-Cause Mortality in the Recent HAART Era

Cockerham, L. R., Scherzer, R., Zolopa, A. R., Rimland, D., Lewis, C. E., Bacchetti, P., Grünfeld, C., Shlipak, M. G., & Tien, P. C. (2009) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181b79d22 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Risk Analysis of Deep Sternal Wound Infections and Their Impact on Long-Term Survival: A Propensity Analysis

Cayci, C., Russo, M., Cheema, F. H., Martens, T. P., Özcan, V., Argenziano, M., Oz, M. C., & Ascherman, J. A. (2008) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0b013e31815acb6a · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Environmental factors as disease accelerators during chronic hepatitis C

Mallat, A., Hézode, C., & Lotersztajn, S. (2008) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2008.01.004 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

COFACTORS OF PROGRESSION TO ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN A COHORT OF MALE SEXUAL CONTACTS OF MEN WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS DISEASE

Coates, R. A., Farewell, V. T., Raboud, J., Read, S., Macfadden, D. K., Calzavara, L., JOHNSON, J. K., Shepherd, F. A., & Fanning, M. M. (1990) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115713 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Lifestyle and 30-day complications to surgery for colorectal cancer

Nickelsen, T. N., Jørgensen, T., & Kronborg, O. (2005) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.1080/02841860510029707 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Risk Factors for Acute Symptomatic Coccidioidomycosis among Elderly Persons in Arizona, 1996–1997

Leake, J. A. D., Mosley, D. G., England, B., Graham, J., Plikaytis, B. D., Ampel, N. M., Perkins, B. A., & Hajjeh, R. A. (2000) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315400 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Smoking, oxidative stress and inflammation: Impact on resting energy expenditure in diabetic nephropathy

Agarwal, R. (2005) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/1471-2369-6-13 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Relationship of Smoking and Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C

Dev, A. T., Patel, K., Conrad, A. J., Blatt, L. M., & McHutchison, J. G. (2006) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.03.019 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Smoking and epidemic influenza-like illness in female military recruits: a brief survey.

Kark, J. D., & Lebiush, M. (1981) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.71.5.530 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

State-Specific Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Quitting Among Adults—United States, 2004

(2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.23.2963 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Scotland, 1999-2001: Use of Record Linkage to Explore Associations between Patients and Disease in Relation to Future Vaccination Policy

Kyaw, M. H., Christie, P., Clarke, S. C., et al. (2003) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/379016 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Cigarette smoke extract-induced suppression of caspase-3-like activity impairs human neutrophil phagocytosis

Stringer, K. A., Tobias, M., O’Neill, H. C., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00325.2006 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Smoking and Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Wang, C.-S., Wang, S., Chang, T., Yao, W., & Chou, P. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.7.811 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Deep sternal wound infections following open heart surgery in Iceland. A population-based study

Steingrímsson, S., Gottfreðsson, M., Kristinsson, K. G., & Guðbjartsson, T. (2008) · Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal · doi:10.1080/14017430801919557 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Is smoking tobacco an independent risk factor for HIV infection and progression to AIDS? A systemic review

Furber, A., Maheswaran, R., Newell, J. N., & Carroll, C. (2006) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.2005.019505 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

HIV infection, cigarette smoking and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts

Royce, R. A., & Winkelstein, W. (1990) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199004000-00007 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking

Burns, D., Krämer, A., Yellin, F. J., et al. (1991) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/00126334-199101000-00011 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Effects of alcohol and nicotine on cytotoxic functions of human lymphocytes

Nair, M., Kronfol, Z., & Schwartz, S. A. (1990) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0090-1229(90)90053-s · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Bacterial Community Acquired Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Inpatients in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era

Madeddu, G., Porqueddu, E. M., Cambosu, F., et al. (2008) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-007-7162-0 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule: United States, 2009

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices† (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-1-200901060-00008 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Active and Passive Smoking and Risk of Colds in Women

Benseñor, I. (2001) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00214-3 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost in 16 Brazilian capitals, 2003: a prevalence-based study

Corrêa, P. C. R. P., Barreto, S. M., & Passos, V. M. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-206 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

The effect of stopping smoking on cervical Langerhans'cells and lymphocytes

Szarewski, A., Maddox, P., Royston, P. J., Jarvis, M. J., Anderson, M., Guillebaud, J., & Cuzick, J. M. (2001) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00074.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Limb Salvage for Chronic Tibial Osteomyelitis: An Outcomes Study

Siegel, H. J., Patzakis, M. J., Holtom, P. D., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-200003000-00019 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on pulmonary immune response in infant monkeys

Wang, L., Joad, J. P., Zhong, C., & Pinkerton, K. E. (2008) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.04.011 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Risk factors influencing the outcome after surgical treatment of complicated deep sternal wound complications

Peivandi, A. A. (2003) · Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0967-2109(03)00006-1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

The effect of cigarette smoking on lymphocyte subsets and progression to AIDS in a cohort of homosexual men.

Craib, K. J. P., Schechter, M. T., Montaner, J. S. G., Le, T. N., Sestak, P., Willoughby, B., Voigt, R. F., Haley, L., & O’Shaughnessy, M. V. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates among smokers: Data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Pearson, W. S., Dube, S. R., Ford, E. S., & Mokdad, A. H. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.11.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Puy-de-Dôme, France, 1994–1998

Laurichesse, H., Romaszko, J. ‐., Nguyen, L. T., et al. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/pl00011269 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in an Acute Geriatric Male Ward: A One-Year Prospective Surveillance

Andrews, J., Chandrasekaran, P., & McSwiggan, D. A. (2009) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000212648 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Association between cigarette smoking and acute respiratory tract illness in young adults

Aronson, M. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.248.2.181 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Prognostic factors for nosocomial bacteraemia outcome: a prospective study in a Greek teaching hospital

Arvanitidou, M., Katikaridou, E., Douboyas, J., & Tsakris, A. (2005) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.03.006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Abstinence from smoking reduce incisional wound infection:A randomized controlled trial

Sorensen, L., Karlsmark, T., & Gottrup, F. (2003) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-200307000-00001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Cigarette Smoking and Drinking of Alcohol are not Associated with Rapid Progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome among Homosexual Men in Norway

Eskild, A., & Petersen, G. (1994) · Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine · doi:10.1177/140349489402200309 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Survival and progression of HIV disease in women attending GUM/HIV clinics in Britain and Ireland. Study Group for the MRC Collaborative Study of HIV Infection in Women

Past Year Exam Question (1999) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.75.4.247 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Puy-de-Dôme, France, 1994–1998

Laurichesse, H., Romaszko, J. ‐., Nguyen, L. T., et al. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s100960100504 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Twenty four risk factors responsible for nearly half of annual deaths, says WHO

Zarocostas, J. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b4439 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Tobacco and bone fractures: A review of the facts and issues that every orthopaedic surgeon should know

Hernigou, J., & Schuind, F. (2019) · Bone & Joint Research · doi:10.1302/2046-3758.86.bjr-2018-0344.r1 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

A combination of high-dose vitamin C plus zinc for the common cold

Maggini, S., Beveridge, S., & Suter, M. (2012) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/147323001204000104 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic

Tarantino, U., Cariati, I., Greggi, C., Gasbarra, E., Belluati, A., Ciolli, L., Maccauro, G., Momoli, A., Ripanti, S., Falez, F., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22126629 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Correlation of Clinical Sepsis Definitions with Microbiological Characteristics in Patients Admitted Through a Sepsis Alert System; A Prospective Cohort StudyPreprint

Yu, D., Unger, D., Unge, C., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-969076/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Sepsis-3-the use of sepsis in children: we still have a lot of work to do

Jin, L.-M., & Qi, J. (2017) · Zhongguo xiaoer jijiu yixue · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4912.2017.07.002

Acute increases of O ‐GlcNAcylation reduces sepsis‐associated mortality (837.8)

Olivon, V. C., Ferreira, R. G., Mestriner, F., et al. (2014) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.837.8

Sepsis

Kumar, V. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/65611

Evaluation of updated sepsis scoring systems and systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and their association with sepsis in equine neonates

Wong, D. M., Ruby, R. E., Dembek, K. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.15087 · Cited by 91 · see citing works