Cited by 472Respiratory and Cough-Related ResearchNeuroscience of respiration and sleepAsthma and respiratory diseases

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Pathophysiology of Dyspnea

Manning, Harold L., Schwartzstein, Richard M.·1995·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm199512073332307

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Abstract

Dyspnea may be defined as an uncomfortable sensation of breathing. The sense of respiratory effort, chemoreceptor stimulation, mechanical stimuli arising in lung and chest wall receptors, and neuroventilatory dissociation may all contribute to the sensation of dyspnea. Different mechanisms likely give rise to qualitatively different sensations of dyspnea. In most patients, dyspnea is probably due to a combination of mechanisms. For example, in asthma, a heightened sense of effort, neuroventilatory dissociation, and vagal stimuli arising from bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation may all play a role. Patients with different disorders and different mechanisms of dyspnea use different phrases to describe their breathing discomfort. Hence, the language patients use to describe their dyspnea may provide clues to the etiology of their symptoms.

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Authors: Manning, H. L., & Schwartzstein, R. M.
Affiliations: Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Schwartzstein, Richard M.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1995-12-07
Volume: 333
Issue: 23
Pages: 1547-1553
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm199512073332307
OpenAlex: W2314290171
Cited by: 472
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 2.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5p50hl019170-20)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 19170)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Keywords: dyspnea, pathophysiology, chemoreceptor stimulation, asthma, bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation
MeSH terms: Asthma, Dyspnea, Female, Humans, Male, Neuromuscular Diseases, Prognosis, Pulmonary Embolism, Risk Factors, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Risk Assessment, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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