Distinguishable Types of Dyspnea in Patients with Shortness of Breath
Abstract
Dyspnea frequently accompanies a variety of cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Although dyspnea is often considered a single sensation, alternatively it may encompass multiple sensations that are not well explained by a single physiologic mechanism. To investigate whether breathlessness experienced by patients represents more than one sensation, we studied 53 patients with one of the following seven conditions: pulmonary vascular disease, neuromuscular and chest wall disease, congestive heart failure, pregnancy, interstitial lung disease, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients were asked to choose descriptions of their sensation(s) of breathlessness from a dyspnea questionnaire listing 19 descriptors. Cluster analysis was used to identify natural groupings among the chosen descriptors. We found that patients could distinguish different sensations of breathlessness. In addition, we found an association between certain groups of descriptors and specific conditions producing dyspnea. These findings concur with those in an earlier study in normal volunteers in whom dyspnea was induced by various stimuli. We conclude that different types of dyspnea exist in patients with a variety of cardiopulmonary abnormalities. Furthermore, different mechanisms may mediate these various sensations.
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Variations in coordination of muscle contraction are often implicated in dysfunctional breathing and sensations of dyspnoea, particularly thoracic dominant breathing.
“Variations in coordination of muscle contraction are often implicated in dysfunctional breathing and sensations of dyspnoea [35]; particularly thoracic dominant breathing (also termed apical breathing).”
From Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
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Wilcock, A., Crosby, V., Hughes, A. N., Fielding, K., Corcoran, R., & Tattersfield, A. E. (2002) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(01)00417-1 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Johnson, M. J., Oxberry, S. G., Cleland, J. G. F., & Clark, A. L. (2010) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfp194 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Differentiation between Dyspnea and Its Affective Components
Carrieri‐Kohlman, V., Gormley, J. M., Douglas, M. K., Paul, S. M., & Stulbarg, M. S. (1996) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394599601800602 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Evaluation of Dyspnea in the Elderly
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Smith, J., Albert, P., Bertella, E., Lester, J. C., Jack, S., & Calverley, P. M. (2009) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2008.104869 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Acute partial paralysis alters perceptions of air hunger, work and effort at constant PCO2 and
Moosavi, S. H., Topulos, G. P., Hafer, A., Lansing, R., Adams, L. M., Brown, R., & Banzett, R. B. (2000) · Respiration Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0034-5687(00)00135-3 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
- Authors
- Simon, P. M., Schwartzstein, R. M., Weiss, J. W., Fencl, V., Teghtsoonian, M., & Weinberger, S. E.
- Venue
- American Review of Respiratory Disease
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1990-11-01
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1009-1014
- ISSN
- 0003-0805 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2112355851
- Cited by
- 433
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 4.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Review of Respiratory Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50hl019170-20)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL07633, HL 19170, T32HL007633)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- dyspnea, pulmonary vascular disease, neuromuscular disorders, chest wall disorders, congestive heart failure, pregnancy, interstitial lung disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dyspnea, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Heart Diseases, Humans, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Lung Diseases, Middle Aged, Neuromuscular Diseases, Pregnancy, Pulmonary Embolism, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensation, Total Lung Capacity, Vital Capacity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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