The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Estrogen and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Abstract
The connection between breast cancer and estrogen has been recognized for more than 100 years, since George Beatson demonstrated that bilateral oophorectomy resulted in the remission of breast cancer in premenopausal women.1 Subsequent evidence has implicated both endogenous and exogenous estrogen in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this article, we review the relation between estrogen and the risk of breast cancer.Estrogen and Breast CarcinogenesisExperimental data strongly suggest that estrogens have a role in the development and growth of breast cancer.2 Although the exact mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, the alkylation of cellular molecules and the generation . . .
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Goss, P. E., Ingle, J. N., Martino, S., Robert, N. J., Muss, H. B., Piccart, M. J., Castiglione, M., Tu, D., Shepherd, L. E., Pritchard, K. I., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa032312 · Cited by 1,795
Self-citationExemestane for Breast-Cancer Prevention in Postmenopausal Women
Goss, P. E., Ingle, J. N., Alés-Martínez, J. E., Cheung, A. M., Chlebowski, R. T., Wactawski-Wende, J., McTiernan, A., Robbins, J., Johnson, K. C., Martin, L. W., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1103507 · Cited by 970
Self-citationControl of mammary stem cell function by steroid hormone signalling
Asselin-Labat, M.-L., Vaillant, F., Sheridan, J. M., Pal, B., Wu, D., Simpson, E. R., Yasuda, H., Smyth, G. K., Martin, T. J., Lindeman, G. J., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09027 · Cited by 693
Blask, D. E., Brainard, G. C., Dauchy, R. T., Hanifin, J. P., Davidson, L. K., Krause, J. A., Sauer, L. A., Rivera-Bermudez, M. A., Dubocovich, M. L., Jasser, S. A., et al. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1945 · Cited by 432
Oestrogen exposure and breast cancer risk
Travis, R. C., & Key, T. J. (2003) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr628 · Cited by 346
Metadata
- Authors
- Clemons, M., & Goss, P.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2001-01-25
- Volume
- 344
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 276-285
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2313869316
- Cited by
- 1,096
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 30.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Estrogen and the Risk of Breast Cancer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejm200101253440407
- The paper
- Clemons, M., & Goss, P. (2001). Estrogen and the Risk of Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200101253440407
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.