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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Efficacy of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Acute Otitis Media

Open access
Eskola, Juhani, Kilpi, Terhi, Palmu, Arto, Jokinen, Jukka, Eerola, Mervi, Haapakoski, Jaason, Herva, Elja, Takala, Aino, Käyhty, Helena, Karma, Pekka, Kohberger, Robert, Lockhart, Stephen, Siber, George, Mäkelä, P. Helena·2001·New England Journal of Medicine
DOI 10.1056/nejm200102083440602
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ear infections are a common cause of illness during the first two years of life. New conjugate vaccines may be able to prevent a substantial portion of cases of acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. METHODS: We enrolled 1662 infants in a randomized, double-blind efficacy trial of a heptavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in which the carrier protein is the nontoxic diphtheria-toxin analogue CRM197. The children received either the study vaccine or a hepatitis B vaccine as a control at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age. The clinical diagnosis of acute otitis media was based on predefined criteria, and the bacteriologic diagnosis was based on a culture of middle-ear fluid obtained by myringotomy. RESULTS: Of the children who were enrolled, 95.1 percent completed the trial. With the pneumococcal vaccine, there were more local reactions than with the hepatitis B vaccine but fewer than with the combined whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine that was administered simultaneously. There were 2596 episodes of acute otitis media during the follow-up period between 6.5 and 24 months of age. The vaccine reduced the number of episodes of acute otitis media from any cause by 6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, -4 to 16 percent [the negative number indicates a possible increase in the number of episodes]), culture-confirmed pneumococcal episodes by 34 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 21 to 45 percent), and the number of episodes due to the serotypes contained in the vaccine by 57 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 44 to 67 percent). The number of episodes attributed to serotypes that are cross-reactive with those in the vaccine was reduced by 51 percent, whereas the number of episodes due to all other serotypes increased by 33 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The heptavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine is safe and efficacious in the prevention of acute otitis media caused by the serotypes included in the vaccine.

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Metadata

Authors
Eskola, J., Kilpi, T., Palmu, A., Jokinen, J., Eerola, M., Haapakoski, J., Herva, E., Takala, A., Käyhty, H., Karma, P., Kohberger, R., Lockhart, S., Siber, G., & Mäkelä, P. H.
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Published
2001-02-08
Volume
344
Issue
6
Pages
403-409
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
DOI
10.1056/nejm200102083440602
OpenAlex
W2059608310
Cited by
1,455
References
23
FWCI
90.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Efficacy of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Acute Otitis Media. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejm200102083440602
The paper
Eskola, J., Kilpi, T., Palmu, A., Jokinen, J., Eerola, M., Haapakoski, J., Herva, E., Takala, A., Käyhty, H., Karma, P., Kohberger, R., Lockhart, S., Siber, G., & Mäkelä, P. H. (2001). Efficacy of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Acute Otitis Media. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200102083440602

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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