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Cited by 1,442Ear Surgery and Otitis MediaOtolaryngology and Infectious DiseasesPneumonia and Respiratory Infections

The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media

Lieberthal, Allan S., Carroll, Aaron E., Chonmaitree, Tasnee, Ganiats, Theodore G., Hoberman, Alejandro, Jackson, Mary Anne, Joffe, Mark D., Miller, Donald T. +5 more·2013·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.2012-3488
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Abstract

This evidence-based clinical practice guideline is a revision of the 2004 acute otitis media (AOM) guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Physicians. It provides recommendations to primary care clinicians for the management of children from 6 months through 12 years of age with uncomplicated AOM. In 2009, the AAP convened a committee composed of primary care physicians and experts in the fields of pediatrics, family practice, otolaryngology, epidemiology, infectious disease, emergency medicine, and guideline methodology. The subcommittee partnered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center to develop a comprehensive review of the new literature related to AOM since the initial evidence report of 2000. The resulting evidence report and other sources of data were used to formulate the practice guideline recommendations. The focus of this practice guideline is the appropriate diagnosis and initial treatment of a child presenting with AOM. The guideline provides a specific, stringent definition of AOM. It addresses pain management, initial observation versus antibiotic treatment, appropriate choices of antibiotic agents, and preventive measures. It also addresses recurrent AOM, which was not included in the 2004 guideline. Decisions were made on the basis of a systematic grading of the quality of evidence and benefit-harm relationships. The practice guideline underwent comprehensive peer review before formal approval by the AAP. This clinical practice guideline is not intended as a sole source of guidance in the management of children with AOM. Rather, it is intended to assist primary care clinicians by providing a framework for clinical decision-making. It is not intended to replace clinical judgment or establish a protocol for all children with this condition. These recommendations may not provide the only appropriate approach to the management of this problem.

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Cited works that were retracted

Works this paper cites that were later retracted, from the retraction notices publishers deposit. Major when the notice came out before this paper was published.

  • Cites a retracted work: 10.1002/14651858.cd004741.pub2

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    The cited work was retracted on 2018-04-06 (notice 10.1002/14651858.cd004741.pub3), not before this paper was published (2013-03-01).

    Cited work 10.1002/14651858.cd004741.pub2 · retracted 2018-04-06 · notice 10.1002/14651858.cd004741.pub3 · this paper published 2013-03-01

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Research works printed but not linked: 20

  1. Bluestone, 2003, Definitions, terminology, and classification, 120
  2. Rosenfeld, 2003, Clinical pathway for acute otitis media, 280
  3. Carlson, 2003, Diagnosis, 136
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  5. University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Available at: www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1044. Accessed July 17, 2012
  6. Rosenfeld, 2004, Antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent acute otitis media
  7. Paradise, 1993, Otitis media with effusion: highly prevalent and often the forerunner of acute otitis media during the first year of life, Pediatr Res, 33, 121A
  8. Innovative Medical Education, 2000, A View Through the Otoscope: Distinguishing Acute Otitis Media from Otitis Media with Effusion
  9. Schechter, 1993, Management of pain associated with acute medical illness, 537
  10. Rosenfeld, 2003, Clinical efficacy of surgical therapy, 227
  11. Burke, 1991, Acute red ear in children: controlled trial of nonantibiotic treatment in children: controlled trial of nonantibiotic treatment in general practice, BMJ, 303, 558, 10.1136/bmj.303.6802.558 · DOI
  12. Shaikh, 2009, Responsiveness and construct validity of a symptom scale for acute otitis media, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 28, 9, 10.1097/inf.0b013e318185a3a0 · DOI
  13. Bluestone, 2007, Microbiology, 101
  14. Rosenfeld, 2003, Natural history of untreated otitis media, 180
  15. Howie, 1971, Simultaneous nasopharyngeal and middle ear exudate culture in otitis media, Pediatr Digest, 13, 31
  16. Casselbrandt, 2004, Ventilation tubes for recurrent acute otitis media, 113
  17. El-Sayed, 1996, Treatment of recurrent acute otitis media chemoprophylaxis versus ventilation tubes, Aust J Otolaryngol, 2, 352
  18. Grijalva, 2006, National impact of universal childhood immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 118, 865
  19. De Wals, 2009, How to compare the efficacy of conjugate vaccines to prevent acute otitis media?, Vaccine, 27, 2877, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.102 · DOI
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Authors
Lieberthal, A. S., Carroll, A. E., Chonmaitree, T., Ganiats, T. G., Hoberman, A., Jackson, M. A., Joffe, M. D., Miller, D. T., Rosenfeld, R. M., Sevilla, X. D., Schwartz, R. H., Thomas, P. A., & Tunkel, D. E.
Affiliations
American Academy of Family Physicians (US)
ORCID
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2013-03-01
Volume
131
Issue
3
Pages
e964-e999
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2012-3488
OpenAlex
W2150500774
Semantic Scholar
4a6a7f55f9b78a07b0790479d70008831177f3f6
Cited by
1,442
References
273
Citations by year
2026: 74 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 125 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 109 · 2017: 109 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 6
FWCI
87.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Keywords
acute otitis media, pediatric otitis media, diagnosis, initial treatment, antibiotic therapy, pain management, recurrent otitis media, prevention, children, primary care management
MeSH terms
Acute Disease, Amoxicillin, Humans, Otitis Media, Tympanic Membrane, Disease Management

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