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The Ethics of Placebo-Controlled Trials — A Middle Ground
Abstract
The first placebo-controlled trial was probably conducted in 1931, when sanocrysin was compared with distilled water for the treatment of tuberculosis.1 Ever since then, placebo-controlled trials have been controversial, especially when patients randomly assigned to receive placebo have forgone effective treatments.25 Recently, the debate has become polarized. One view, dubbed “placebo orthodoxy” by its opponents, is that methodologic considerations make placebo-controlled trials necessary.611 The other view, which might be called “active-control orthodoxy,” is that placebo orthodoxy sacrifices ethics and the rights and welfare of patients to presumed scientific rigor.1014 The latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki, . . .
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Citations
Cites
Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials in Developing Countries
Shapiro, H. T., & Meslin, E. M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200107123450212 · Cited by 204
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What Makes Clinical Research in Developing Countries Ethical? The Benchmarks of Ethical Research
Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., Killen, J., & Grady, C. (2004) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/381709 · Cited by 966
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Metadata
- Authors
- Emanuel, E. J., & Miller, F. G.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2001-09-20
- Volume
- 345
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 915-919
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W1979190970
- Cited by
- 352
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 23.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
