The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Class of Antiretroviral Drugs and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated an association between combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. It is not clear whether this association differs according to the class of antiretroviral drugs. We conducted a study to investigate the association of cumulative exposure to protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors with the risk of myocardial infarction. METHODS: We analyzed data collected through February 2005 from our prospective observational study of 23,437 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The incidence rates of myocardial infarction during the follow-up period were calculated, and the associations between myocardial infarction and exposure to protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors were determined. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-five patients had a myocardial infarction during 94,469 person-years of observation. The incidence of myocardial infarction increased from 1.53 per 1000 person-years in those not exposed to protease inhibitors to 6.01 per 1000 person-years in those exposed to protease inhibitors for more than 6 years. After adjustment for exposure to the other drug class and established cardiovascular risk factors (excluding lipid levels), the relative rate of myocardial infarction per year of protease-inhibitor exposure was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.23), whereas the relative rate per year of exposure to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.13). Adjustment for serum lipid levels further reduced the effect of exposure to each drug class to 1.10 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.18) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.09), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Increased exposure to protease inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, which is partly explained by dyslipidemia. We found no evidence of such an association for nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; however, the number of person-years of observation for exposure to this class of drug was less than that for exposure to protease inhibitors.
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“HIV patients have been found to have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, which was even higher in patients treated with protease inhibitors (Friis‐Moller et al, 2007; Islam et al, 2012; Shah et al, 2018).”
From The struggle of a good friend getting old: cellular senescence in viral responses and therapy (2021) · cites this paper as Friis‐Moller et al, 2007
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CD4+ Count–Guided Interruption of Antiretroviral Treatment
The Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Study Group (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa062360 · Cited by 2,250
Self-citationCombination Antiretroviral Therapy and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
El-Sadr, W. M., & The Data Collection On Adverse Events Of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) Study Group (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030218 · Cited by 1,677
Self-citationChanging patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 10.1210/jc.74.5.1045 · DOI
- Phillips AN, Carr A, Neuhaus J, et al. Interruption of ART and risk of cardiovascular disease: findings from SMART. Presented at the 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Los Angeles, February 26, 2007. abstract. (Accessed March 29, 2007, athttp://www.retroconference.org/2007/abstracts/28863.htm.)
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Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection
Thompson, M., Aberg, J. A., Hoy, J., Telenti, A., Benson, C., Cahn, P. E., Eron, J. J., Günthard, H. F., Hammer, S. M., Reiss, P., et al. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.7961 · Cited by 2,493
Fihn, S. D., Gardin, J. M., Abrams, J., Berra, K., Blankenship, J. C., Dallas, A. P., Douglas, P. S., Foody, J. M., Gerber, T. C., Hinderliter, A. L., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182776f83 · Cited by 2,419
Fihn, S. D., Gardin, J. M., Abrams, J., Berra, K., Blankenship, J. C., Dallas, A. P., Douglas, P. S., Foody, J. M., Gerber, T. C., Hinderliter, A. L., et al. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.07.013 · Cited by 1,583
HIV Infection, Inflammation, Immunosenescence, and Aging
Deeks, S. G. (2011) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-042909-093756 · Cited by 1,349
HIV Infection and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Freiberg, M. S., Chang, C.-C. H., Kuller, L. H., Skanderson, M., Lowy, E., Kraemer, K. L., Butt, A. A., Goetz, M. B., Leaf, D. A., Oursler, K. A., et al. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.3728 · Cited by 1,340
Metadata
- Authors
- The DAD Study Group
- Corresponding author
- The DAD Study Group
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2007-04-26
- Volume
- 356
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1723-1735
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W1767400858
- Cited by
- 1,521
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 114 · 2012: 130
- FWCI
- 185.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U01AI046362, U01AI042170)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- myocardial infarction, antiretroviral drugs, protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV infection, cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, serum lipids, drug exposure duration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Prospective Studies, Risk, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Incidence, Poisson Distribution, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Observation, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Dyslipidemias
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