The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber’s congenital amaurosis
Open accessAbstract
Early-onset, severe retinal dystrophy caused by mutations in the gene encoding retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65-kD protein (RPE65) is associated with poor vision at birth and complete loss of vision in early adulthood. We administered to three young adult patients subretinal injections of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector 2/2 expressing RPE65 complementary DNA (cDNA) under the control of a human RPE65 promoter. There were no serious adverse events. There was no clinically significant change in visual acuity or in peripheral visual fields on Goldmann perimetry in any of the three patients. We detected no change in retinal responses on electroretinography. One patient had significant improvement in visual function on microperimetry and on dark-adapted perimetry. This patient also showed improvement in a subjective test of visual mobility. These findings provide support for further clinical studies of this experimental approach in other patients with mutant RPE65. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00643747 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
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In the citing paper
“during Phase I/II clinical trials for Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA), over 30 patients who received a subretinal injection of AAV2 encoding RPE65, an enzyme responsible for the isomerohydrolase activity of retinal pigment epithelium, showed sustained improvement in both subjective and objective measurements of vision.8–14”
From Antibody neutralization poses a barrier to intravitreal adeno-associated viral vector gene delivery to non-human primates (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Adeno-associated virus has been successful in clinical gene therapy trials for Leber's congenital amaurosis, hemophilia, familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency, and choroideremia.8–15,26,27,60,61”
From Antibody neutralization poses a barrier to intravitreal adeno-associated viral vector gene delivery to non-human primates (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Despite a 28-day oral corticosteroid therapy started 2 days before the first IVT, a regimen similar to that provided in several other clinical studies using IVT or sub-retinal AAV-based gene therapies,41–45 70.7% of lenadogene nolparvovec-treated eyes developed some degree of intraocular inflammation versus 10.2% of placebo-treated eyes.”
From Randomized trial of bilateral gene therapy injection for m.11778G>A MT-ND4 Leber optic neuropathy (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As a result, AAV clinical successes to date have involved delivery either to immune privileged regions or to subjects lacking apparent AAV immunological memory.8–14,30,42”
From Antibody neutralization poses a barrier to intravitreal adeno-associated viral vector gene delivery to non-human primates (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The techniques underpinning AAV-mediated retinal gene therapy have undergone iterative improvement since the first-in-human studies in RPE65 -associated IRDs (Bainbridge et al., 2008; Hauswirth et al., 2008; Maguire et al., 2008).”
From Gene Therapy-Associated Uveitis (GTAU): Understanding and mitigating the adverse immune response in retinal gene therapy (2025) · cites this paper as Bainbridge et al., 2008
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In the citing paper
“Dose finding studies have shown that a high number of rAAV particles (>10 12 viral genomes (vg)) can give rise to transient inflammation in mice [35].”
From Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (rAAV)-Vector Elements in Ocular Gene Therapy Clinical Trials and Transgene Expression and Bioactivity Assays (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Direct injection into the subretinal space, as was the route for the first FDA-approved AAV vector, results in less exposure to plasma proteins, circulating antibodies, blood cells, and tissue-resident phagocytic cells [15].”
From Immunogenicity of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors for Gene Transfer (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Gene therapy gained its place in mainstream medical practice following FDA approval of Luxturna, an AAV2- based treatment for the inherited retinal disease (IRD) retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)65-LCA (LCA2).”
From Current clinical applications of in vivo gene therapy with AAVs (2021) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“In phase I/II clinical trials for RPE65-LCA at University College London (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00643747), ocular inflammation was noted following SRI of 1 × 1012 vg of AAV2-RPE65.71,99”
From Current clinical applications of in vivo gene therapy with AAVs (2021) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“Treated patients exhibited life-changing improvements in light sensitivity and visually guided behavior.”
From Current clinical applications of in vivo gene therapy with AAVs (2021) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“CNS-directed AAV delivery has been associated with an increase in inflammatory mediators, including neutralizing antibodies, circulating CD45+ leukocytes, natural killer cells, and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.13,14,15,16,17,18,19”
From An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
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Citations
Cites
Gene therapy restores vision in a canine model of childhood blindness
Acland, G. M., Aguirre, G. D., Ray, J., Zhang, Q., Aleman, T. S., Cideciyan, A. V., Pearce-Kelling, S. E., Anand, V., Zeng, Y., Maguire, A. M., et al. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0501-92 · Cited by 1,202
Rpe65 is necessary for production of 11-cis-vitamin A in the retinal visual cycle
Redmond., T. M., Yu, S., Lee, E., Bok, D., Hamasaki, D., Chen, N., Goletz, P., Ma, J.-X., Crouch, R. K., & Pfeifer, K. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/3813 · Cited by 929
Mutations in RPE65 cause autosomal recessive childhood–onset severe retinal dystrophy
Gu, S.-M., Thompson, D. A., Srikumari, C. R. S., Lorenz, B., Finckh, U., Nicoletti, A., Murthy, K. R., Rathmann, M., Kumaramanickavel, G., Denton, M. J., et al. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1097-194 · Cited by 663
Mutations in RPE65 cause Leber's congenital amaurosis
Marlhens, F., Bareil, C., Griffoin, J.-M., Zrenner, E., Amalric, P., Eliaou, C., Liu, S.-Y., Harris, E., Redmond, T. M., Arnaud, B., et al. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1097-139 · Cited by 606
RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in the retinoid visual cycle
Moiseyev, G., Chen, Y., Takahashi, Y., Wu, B. X., & Ma, J.-X. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503460102 · Cited by 536
Morimura, H., Fishman, G. A., Grover, S. A., Fulton, A. B., Berson, E. L., & Dryja, T. P. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.6.3088 · Cited by 481
Rpe65 is the retinoid isomerase in bovine retinal pigment epithelium
Jin, M., Li, S., Moghrabi, W. N., Sun, H., & Travis, G. H. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.042 · Cited by 424
Redmond, T. M., Poliakov, E., Yu, S., Tsai, J.-Y., Lu, Z., & Gentleman, S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504167102 · Cited by 409
Hanein, S., Perrault, I., Gerber, S., Tanguy, G., Barbet, F., Ducroq, D., Calvas, P., Dollfus, H., Hamel, C., Lopponen, T., et al. (2004) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.20010 · Cited by 350
Functional and structural recovery of the retina after gene therapy in the RPE65 null mutation dog
Narfstro¨m, K., Katz, M. L., Bragadottir, R., Seeliger, M., Boulanger, A., Redmond, T. M., Caro, L., Lai, C.-M., & Rakoczy, P. E. (2003) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0595 · Cited by 252
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Lorenz B, 2000, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 41, 2735
- Thompson DA, 2000, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 41, 4293
- Znoiko SL, 2002, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 43, 1604
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adeno-associated virus vector as a platform for gene therapy delivery
Wang, D., Tai, P. W. L., & Gao, G. (2019) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0012-9 · Cited by 2,444
Russell, S., Bennett, J., Wellman, J. A., Chung, D. C., Yu, Z.-F., Tillman, A., Wittes, J., Pappas, J., Elci, O., McCague, S., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31868-8 · Cited by 1,952
Dunbar, C. E., High, K. A., Joung, J. K., Kohn, D. B., Ozawa, K., & Sadelain, M. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan4672 · Cited by 1,410
Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide to 2012 – an update
Ginn, S. L., Alexander, I. E., Edelstein, M. L., Abedi, M. R., & Wixon, J. (2013) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.2698 · Cited by 1,187
In vivo genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homology-independent targeted integration
Suzuki, K., Tsunekawa, Y., Hernandez-Benitez, R., Wu, J., Zhu, J., Kim, E. J., Hatanaka, F., Yamamoto, M., Araoka, T., Li, Z., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20565 · Cited by 1,150
Metadata
- Authors
- Bainbridge, J. W. B., Smith, A. J., Barker, S. S., Robbie, S., Henderson, R., Balaggan, K., Viswanathan, A., Holder, G. E., Stockman, A., Tyler, N., Petersen-Jones, S., Bhattacharya, S. S., Thrasher, A. J., Fitzke, F. W., Carter, B. J., Rubin, G. S., Moore, A. T., & Ali, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Moorfields Eye Hospital (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2008-05-22
- Volume
- 358
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2231-2239
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2151809142
- Cited by
- 1,924
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 155 · 2014: 142 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 151
- FWCI
- 69.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- Leber congenital amaurosis, RPE65, gene therapy, subretinal injection, retinal dystrophy, visual function, microperimetry, visual acuity, electroretinogram
- MeSH terms
- Retinoid Isomerohydrolase, Dependovirus, Adolescent, Adult, Blindness, Carrier Proteins, Eye Proteins, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Injections, Mutation, Retina, Retinal Degeneration, Visual Acuity, Genetic Therapy, Gene Transfer Techniques, DNA, Complementary, cis-trans-Isomerases
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