Cited by 256Retinal Development and DisordersVirus-based gene therapy researchRetinal Diseases and Treatments

Leber congenital amaurosis due to RPE65 mutations and its treatment with gene therapy

Open access
Cideciyan, Artur V.·2010·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Abstract

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare hereditary retinal degeneration caused by mutations in more than a dozen genes. RPE65, one of these mutated genes, is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it encodes the retinoid isomerase enzyme essential for the production of chromophore which forms the visual pigment in rod and cone photoreceptors of the retina. Congenital loss of chromophore production due to RPE65-deficiency together with progressive photoreceptor degeneration cause severe and progressive loss of vision. RPE65-associated LCA recently gained recognition outside of specialty ophthalmic circles due to early success achieved by three clinical trials of gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The trials were built on multitude of basic, pre-clinical and clinical research defining the pathophysiology of the disease in human subjects and animal models, and demonstrating the proof-of-concept of gene (augmentation) therapy. Substantial gains in visual function of clinical trial participants provided evidence for physiologically relevant biological activity resulting from a newly introduced gene. This article reviews the current knowledge on retinal degeneration and visual dysfunction in animal models and human patients with RPE65 disease, and examines the consequences of gene therapy in terms of improvement of vision reported.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.04.002

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  • For RPE65, disease severity is associated with the degree of residual enzymatic activity.

    “For RPE65 the severity of disease has been associated with the degree of residual enzymatic activity.274,281,557”

    From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [274]

    Section 5.1 (page unavailable) reports that mice producing detectable 11-cis-retinal were thought to be more light-sensitive than RPE65 knockout mice, supporting an association in that model. But Section 3 says a quantitative relationship between human disease severity and genotype has not been definitively established, and notes that in vivo results appear to contradict in vitro predictions. The claim is therefore broader than the evidence in this review supports. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • RPE65 catalyses the conversion of all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, allowing it to be reused in phototransduction and preventing its conversion to potentially toxic molecules.

    “RPE65 catalyses the conversion of all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, allowing it to be reused in phototransduction and preventing its conversion to potentially toxic molecules.”

    From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [109]

    Section 4.1 describes RPE65 deficiency as blocking the conversion of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol, and Section 2 explains that the visual cycle resupplies chromophore for phototransduction. The paper does not establish that this conversion prevents formation of potentially toxic molecules; Sections 4.1 and 4.3 instead report reduced lipofuscin when RPE65 is deficient. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In RPE65 retinopathy, retinyl esters accumulate in the RPE, leading to its damage.

    “In addition, retinyl esters accumulate in the RPE, leading to its damage [7,108,109,110].”

    From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [109]

    Section 4.1 (Murine models; page unavailable) reports massive retinyl-ester accumulation in RPE65-deficient mouse RPE and later RPE atrophy. It explicitly says the contribution of the accumulated structures to RPE degeneration remains unexplored, so it does not establish that the accumulation causes RPE damage. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The pathogenesis of RPE65 retinopathy combines local vitamin A deficiency and impaired metabolism, leading to formation of toxic byproducts.

    “The pathogenesis, therefore, combines local vitamin A deficiency and its impaired metabolism, which leads to the formation of toxic byproducts.”

    From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [109]

    Section 4.1 (Murine models; page unavailable) describes a block in retinoid metabolism and accumulation of all-trans-retinyl esters. It does not establish that this produces toxic byproducts that drive the disease; it says the contribution of the accumulated structures to degeneration remains unexplored and reports a dramatic absence of lipofuscin granules. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Pathogenic variants in RPE65 result in 11-cis-retinol and subsequently 11-cis-retinal deficiency, which essentially stops the visual cycle.

    “Pathogenic variants in RPE65 result in 11-cis-retinol and subsequently 11-cis-retinal deficiency, which essentially stops the visual cycle.”

    From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [109]

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Authors
Cideciyan, A. V.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Cideciyan, Artur V.
Venue
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-09
Volume
29
Issue
5
Pages
398-427
ISSN
1350-9462 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1970654757
Cited by
256
References
243
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 23
FWCI
1.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Eye Institute (U10EY017280, R01EY013203)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Keywords
Leber congenital amaurosis, RPE65 mutations, gene therapy, recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors, retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, animal models, visual function outcomes
MeSH terms
Retinoid Isomerohydrolase, Animals, Carrier Proteins, DNA, Eye Proteins, Humans, Mutation, Genetic Therapy, cis-trans-Isomerases, Leber Congenital Amaurosis

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