The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: An improvement in overall survival among patients with metastatic melanoma has been an elusive goal. In this phase 3 study, ipilimumab--which blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 to potentiate an antitumor T-cell response--administered with or without a glycoprotein 100 (gp100) peptide vaccine was compared with gp100 alone in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma. METHODS: A total of 676 HLA-A*0201-positive patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma, whose disease had progressed while they were receiving therapy for metastatic disease, were randomly assigned, in a 3:1:1 ratio, to receive ipilimumab plus gp100 (403 patients), ipilimumab alone (137), or gp100 alone (136). Ipilimumab, at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight, was administered with or without gp100 every 3 weeks for up to four treatments (induction). Eligible patients could receive reinduction therapy. The primary end point was overall survival. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 10.0 months among patients receiving ipilimumab plus gp100, as compared with 6.4 months among patients receiving gp100 alone (hazard ratio for death, 0.68; P<0.001). The median overall survival with ipilimumab alone was 10.1 months (hazard ratio for death in the comparison with gp100 alone, 0.66; P=0.003). No difference in overall survival was detected between the ipilimumab groups (hazard ratio with ipilimumab plus gp100, 1.04; P=0.76). Grade 3 or 4 immune-related adverse events occurred in 10 to 15% of patients treated with ipilimumab and in 3% treated with gp100 alone. There were 14 deaths related to the study drugs (2.1%), and 7 were associated with immune-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Ipilimumab, with or without a gp100 peptide vaccine, as compared with gp100 alone, improved overall survival in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma. Adverse events can be severe, long-lasting, or both, but most are reversible with appropriate treatment. (Funded by Medarex and Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00094653.)
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In 2011, based on promising results from a clinical trial in melanoma patients, the first ICI therapy ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 mAb, has gained FDA approval [98].”
From Advances in platinum-based cancer therapy: overcoming platinum resistance through rational combinatorial strategies (2025) · cites this paper as [98]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Clinical trials of ICPis excluded patients with pre-existing active autoimmune diseases because of concerns of a high susceptibility to severe irAEs [49,50].”
From Graves’ Disease during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (A Case Series and Literature Review) (2021) · cites this paper as [49]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Treatment with immunotherapy targeting checkpoint inhibitors PD-1 or CTLA-4 significantly increases survival in patients with metastatic melanoma over other standards of care [1, 2]”
From Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly enhanced clinical outcomes across multiple cancer types,1, 2, 3”
From irAE-GPT: leveraging large language models to identify immune-related adverse events in electronic health records and clinical trial datasets (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Antibodies against CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) or PD1 (nivolumab) have been shown to induce quick and intense tumor regression in melanoma and NSCLC patients and are currently under clinical investigation in other solid tumors, including CRC [132, 133]”
From Primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in colorectal cancer: impact on future treatment strategies (2014) · cites this paper as [132]
In the citing paper
“Even though ICIs have shown promising results in adults, there is limited data regarding their safety in children [145].”
From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2022) · cites this paper as [145]
In the citing paper
“Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) was the first ICT to gain FDA approval in 2011 for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, on the basis of phase III trials demonstrating improvements in overall survival compared with vaccine or chemotherapy (37,38).”
From The Next Decade of Immune Checkpoint Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Ipilimumab was associated with long-term survival effects (1-year and 2-year survival rate of 45.6% and 23.5%, respectively).”
From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Hodi et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Treatment with Ipilimumab was associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in a surprisingly high 60% of patients (Hodi et al., 2010);”
From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Hodi et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Critically, analogous to what was observed in preclinical studies, the 20% of patients whose tumors were completely cleared maintained their response for the duration of the study, with a median follow-up time of approximately 30 months.”
From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer: Clinical Impact and Mechanisms of Response and Resistance (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab has demonstrated enhanced response rates in melanoma, lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and mismatch repair deficient colon cancer compared with single agent therapy, although at a cost of increased toxicities (see next section).9–11”
From Endocrine toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“In order to limit the risk of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) or exacerbation of underlying autoimmune or inflammatory disease, patients with preexisting autoimmune disorders (ADs) or those receiving systemic immunosuppression for organ transplantation have been universally excluded from clinical trials.3,4”
From Autoimmune diseases and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy: Review of the literature and personalized risk-based prevention strategy (2020) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Oken, M. M., Creech, R. H., Tormey, D. C., Horton, J., Davis, T. E., Mcfadden, E. T., & Carbone, P. P. (1982) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/00000421-198212000-00014 · Cited by 11,686
Wolchok, J. D., Hoos, A., O'Day, S. J., Weber, J. S., Hamid, O., Lebbé, C., Maio, M., Binder, M., Bohnsack, O., Nichol, G. M., et al. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1624 · Cited by 3,214
Self-citationCancer immunotherapy: moving beyond current vaccines
Rosenberg, S. A., Yang, J. C.-H., & Restifo, N. P. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1100 · Cited by 2,980
Melanoma biology and new targeted therapy
Gray-Schopfer, V., Wellbrock, C., & Marais, R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05661 · Cited by 1,371
Wolchok, J. D., Neyns, B., Linette, G., Negrier, S., Lutzky, J., Thomas, L., Waterfield, W., Schadendorf, D., Smylie, M., Guthrie, T., et al. (2010) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70334-1 · Cited by 1,195
Self-citationAttia, P., Phan, G. Q., Maker, A. V., Robinson, M. R., Quezado, M. M., Yang, J. C., Sherry, R. M., Topalian, S. L., Kammula, U. S., Royal, R. E., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.06.205 · Cited by 1,012
Self-citationManagement of Cutaneous Melanoma
Tsao, H., Atkins, M. B., & Sober, A. J. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra041245 · Cited by 869
Korn, E. L., Liu, P.-Y., Lee, S. J., Chapman, J. W., Niedzwiecki, D., Suman, V. J., Moon, J., Sondak, V. K., Atkins, M. B., Eisenhauer, E. A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.12.7837 · Cited by 704
Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy
Melero, I., Hervás‐Stubbs, S., Glennie, M. J., Pardoll, D. M., & Chen, L. (2007) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2051 · Cited by 634
Downey, S. G., Klapper, J. A., Smith, F. O., Yang, J. C., Sherry, R. M., Royal, R. E., Kammula, U. S., Hughes, M. S., Allen, T. E., Levy, C. L., et al. (2007) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0187 · Cited by 624
Self-citationWeber, J. S., Thompson, J. A., Hamid, O., Minor, D. R., Amin, A., Ron, I. G., Ridolfi, R., Assi, H. I., Maraveyas, A., Berman, D., et al. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1024 · Cited by 566
Self-citationGlobal perspectives of contemporary epidemiological trends of cutaneous malignant melanoma
Lens, M. B., & Dawes, M. G. (2004) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05708.x · Cited by 566
Hauschild, A., Agarwala, S. S., Trefzer, U., Hogg, D., Robert, C., Hersey, P., Eggermont, A. M. M., Grabbe, S., Gonzalez, R. C., Gille, J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.15.7636 · Cited by 548
Self-citationO'Day, S., Maio, M., Chiarion-Sileni, V., Gajewski, T., Pehamberger, H., Bondarenko, I., Queirolo, P., Lundgren, L., Mikhailov, S., Roman, L., et al. (2010) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq013 · Cited by 506
Self-citationMaker, A. V., Phan, G. Q., Attia, P., Yang, J. C., Sherry, R. M., Topalian, S. L., Kammula, U. S., Royal, R. E., Haworth, L. R., Levy, C. L., et al. (2005) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/aso.2005.03.536 · Cited by 492
Self-citationMeasuring Response in Solid Tumors: Unidimensional Versus Bidimensional Measurement
James, K., Eisenhauer, E. A., Christian, M. C., Terenziani, M., Vena, D. A., Muldal, A., & Therasse, P. (1999) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/91.6.523 · Cited by 401
Re-evaluating the role of dacarbazine in metastatic melanoma: what have we learned in 30 years?
Eggermont, A. M. M., & Kirkwood, J. M. (2004) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2004.04.030 · Cited by 384
Fong, L. H., & Small, E. J. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.17.8954 · Cited by 320
Targeting cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4)
O'Day, S. J., Hamid, O., & Urba, W. J. (2007) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23086 · Cited by 309
Self-citationWeber, J. S. (2007) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.12-7-864 · Cited by 284
Self-citationTestori, A., Richards, J. M., Whitman, E. D., Mann, G. B., Lutzky, J., Camacho, L. H., Parmiani, G., Tosti, G., Kirkwood, J. M., Hoos, A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.11.9941 · Cited by 257
Self-citationTumor Antigen Expression in Melanoma Varies According to Antigen and Stage
Barrow, C., Browning, J., MacGregor, D. P., Davis, I. D., Sturrock, S., Jungbluth, A. A., & Cebon, J. S. (2006) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1544 · Cited by 236
Ipilimumab: controversies in its development, utility and autoimmune adverse events
Weber, J. S. (2009) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-008-0653-8 · Cited by 224
Self-citationSosman, J. A., Unger, J. M., Liu, P. Y., Flaherty, L. E., Park, M. S., Kempf, R. A., Thompson, J. A., Terasaki, P. I., & Sondak, V. K. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2002.08.072 · Cited by 201
Self-citationMorton, D. L., Mozzillo, N., Thompson, J. F., Kelley, M. C., Faries, M. B., Wagner, J. D., Schneebaum, S., Schuchter, L. M., Gammon, G. M., & Elashoff, R. M. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.8508 · Cited by 176
Current systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma
Agarwala, S. S. (2009) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1586/era.09.25 · Cited by 172
Robert, C., & Ghiringhelli, F. (2009) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0028 · Cited by 128
Self-citationMorton, G., & Hoskin, P. (2013) · Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.clon.2013.04.009 · Cited by 92
Single-agent interleukin-2 in the treatment of metastatic melanoma: A systematic review
Petrella, T. M., Quirt, I. C., Verma, S., Haynes, A. E., Charette, M. L., & Bak, K. (2007) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.04.003 · Cited by 87
Self-citationSchwartzentruber, D. J., Lawson, D. J., Richards, J. M., Conry, R. M., Miller, D. M., Triesman, J., Gailani, F., Riley, L., Vena, D. A., & Hwu, P. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.cra9011 · Cited by 83
Bedikian, A. Y., Johnson, M. M., Warneke, C. L., Papadopoulos, N. E., Kim, K., Hwu, W., McIntyre, S. E., & Hwu, P. (2008) · Cancer Investigation · doi:10.1080/07357900802027073 · Cited by 79
Current management of metastatic melanoma
Trinh, V. A. (2008) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp080460 · Cited by 55
Eggermont, A. M. M., Suciu, S., Ruka, W., Marsden, J. R., Testori, A., Corrie, P. G., Aamdal, S., Ascierto, P. A., Patel, P. M., & Spatz, A. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.9004 · Cited by 52
Schwartzentruber, D. J., Lawson, D. J., Richards, J., Conry, R. M., Miller, D., Triesman, J., Gailani, F., Riley, L. B., Vena, D. A., & Hwu, P. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.18_suppl.cra9011 · Cited by 51
Eisen, T., Trefzer, U., Hamilton, A., Hersey, P., Millward, M., Knight, R. D., Jungnelius, J. U., & Glaspy, J. (2010) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.24686 · Cited by 50
Agarwala, S. S. (2010) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/cmr.0b013e328333bbc8 · Cited by 40
Lin, R. K., Yellin, M. J., Lowy, I., Safferman, A. Z., Chin, K. M., & Ibrahim, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.9063 · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Lin R, 2008, J Clin Oncol, 26, 497s
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
Pardoll, D. M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3239 · Cited by 13,838
Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti–PD-1 antibody in cancer
Topalian, S. L., Hodi, F. S., Brahmer, J. R., Gettinger, S. N., Smith, D. C., McDermott, D. F., Powderly, J. D., Carvajal, R. D., Sosman, J. A., Atkins, M. B., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200690 · Cited by 12,628
Self-citationPembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Reck, M., Rodríguez-Abreu, D., Robinson, A. G., Hui, R., Csőszi, T., Fülöp, A., Gottfried, M., Peled, N., Tafreshi, A., Cuffe, S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1606774 · Cited by 10,089
Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer
Borghaei, H., Paz-Ares, L., Horn, L., Spigel, D. R., Steins, M., Ready, N. E., Chow, L. Q., Vokes, E. E., Felip, E., Holgado, E., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1507643 · Cited by 9,335
Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma
Larkin, J., Chiarion-Sileni, V., Gonzalez, R., Grob, J. J., Cowey, C. L., Lao, C. D., Schadendorf, D., Dummer, R., Smylie, M., Rutkowski, P., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1504030 · Cited by 8,157
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hodi, F. S., O'Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., Akerley, W., van den Eertwegh, A. J. M., Lutzky, J., Lorigan, P., Vaubel, J. M., Linette, G. P., Hogg, D., Ottensmeier, C. H., Lebbé, C., Peschel, C., Quirt, I., Clark, J. I., Wolchok, J. D., Weber, J. S., Tian, J., Yellin, M. J., Nichol, G. M., Hoos, A., & Urba, W. J.
- Affiliations
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Angeles Clinic and Research Institute (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- St. Mary's Medical Center (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NL)
- University of Colorado Cancer Center (US)
- Institut Gustave Roussy (FR)
- Essen University Hospital (DE)
- University of Mannheim (DE)
- Huntsman Cancer Institute (US)
- Mount Sinai Medical Center (US)
- The Christie Hospital (GB)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (CA)
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Loyola University Medical Center (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Hodi, F. Stephen
- O'Day, Steven J.
- McDermott, David F.
- Sosman, Jeffrey A.
- Haanen, John B.
- Gonzalez, Rene
- Robert, Caroline
- Schadendorf, Dirk
- Hassel, Jessica C.
- Akerley, Wallace
- Lutzky, Jose
- Lorigan, Paul
- Linette, Gerald P.
- Hogg, David
- Ottensmeier, Christian H.
- Peschel, Christian
- Clark, Joseph I.
- Wolchok, Jedd D.
- Weber, Jeffrey S.
- Yellin, Michael J.
- Hoos, Axel
- Urba, Walter J.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2010-08-19
- Volume
- 363
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 711-723
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC3549297
- OpenAlex
- W2097995306
- Semantic Scholar
- 51d02526aa36effc4d0eedb5649b37a0fbfc57eb
- Cited by
- 15,155
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 414 · 2025: 584 · 2024: 743 · 2023: 876 · 2022: 880 · 2021: 1154 · 2020: 1165 · 2019: 1106 · 2018: 1215 · 2017: 1290 · 2016: 1262 · 2015: 1265 · 2014: 1017 · 2013: 898 · 2012: 692
- FWCI
- 341.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Syracuse University
- Moffitt Cancer Center
- National Cancer Institute (K24CA097588)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- ipilimumab, metastatic melanoma, CTLA-4 blockade, immune checkpoint inhibitors, overall survival, immune-related adverse events, HLA-A*0201, cancer immunotherapy, reinduction therapy, T cell response, immune-related pneumonitis, immune-related colitis
- MeSH terms
- Ipilimumab, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Combined Modality Therapy, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Skin Neoplasms, Antigens, CD, Treatment Outcome, Cancer Vaccines, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, CTLA-4 Antigen
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
