The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inflammatory cortical demyelination in early multiple sclerosis.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Cortical disease has emerged as a critical aspect of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, being associated with disease progression and cognitive impairment. Most studies of cortical lesions have focused on autopsy findings in patients with long-standing, chronic, progressive multiple sclerosis, and the noninflammatory nature of these lesions has been emphasized. Magnetic resonance imaging studies indicate that cortical damage occurs early in the disease. METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence and character of demyelinating cortical lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Cortical tissues were obtained in passing during biopsy sampling of white-matter lesions. In most cases, biopsy was done with the use of stereotactic procedures to diagnose suspected tumors. Patients with sufficient cortex (138 of 563 patients screened) were evaluated for cortical demyelination. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized cortical lesions with respect to demyelinating activity, inflammatory infiltrates, the presence of meningeal inflammation, and a topographic association between cortical demyelination and meningeal inflammation. Diagnoses were ascertained in a subgroup of 77 patients (56%) at the last follow-up visit (at a median of 3.5 years). RESULTS: Cortical demyelination was present in 53 patients (38%) (104 lesions and 222 tissue blocks) and was absent in 85 patients (121 tissue blocks). Twenty-five patients with cortical demyelination had definite multiple sclerosis (81% of 31 patients who underwent long-term follow-up), as did 33 patients without cortical demyelination (72% of 46 patients who underwent long-term follow-up). In representative tissues, 58 of 71 lesions (82%) showed CD3+ T-cell infiltrates, and 32 of 78 lesions (41%) showed macrophage-associated demyelination. Meningeal inflammation was topographically associated with cortical demyelination in patients who had sufficient meningeal tissue for study. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of patients with early-stage multiple sclerosis, cortical demyelinating lesions were frequent, inflammatory, and strongly associated with meningeal inflammation. (Funded by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society and the National Institutes of Health.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This may well reflect the greater microglia and astrocyte activity in the white matter; pure cortical lesions in post-mortem tissues show little or no inflammation (Bo et al., 2004; Brink et al., 2005; van Horssen et al., 2007), although early lesions have been associated with prominent microglial activation (Lucchinetti et al., 2011).”
From A quantitative neuropathological assessment of translocator protein expression in multiple sclerosis (2019) · cites this paper as Lucchinetti et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Biopsies taken from early MS patients with cortical demyelination were more likely to have leptomeningeal inflammation, consisting of effector T cells and IgA B cells infiltrates, than those without cortical demyelination.”
From Living on the Edge of the CNS: Meninges Cell Diversity in Health and Disease (2021) · cites this paper as Lucchinetti et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“The leptomeninges are now recognized as a key player in multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory CNS autoimmune disorder characterized by axon demyelination”
From Living on the Edge of the CNS: Meninges Cell Diversity in Health and Disease (2021) · cites this paper as Lucchinetti et al., 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines for research protocols
Poser, C. M., Paty, D. W., Scheinberg, L., McDonald, W. I., Davis, F. A., Ebers, G. C., Johnson, K. P., Sibley, W. A., Silberberg, D. H., & Tourtellotte, W. W. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410130302 · Cited by 7,384
McDonald, W. I., Compston, A., Edan, G., Goodkin, D., Hartung, H., Lublin, F. D., McFarland, H. F., Paty, D. W., Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., et al. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1032 · Cited by 6,969
Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica
Wingerchuk, D. M., Lennon, V. A., Pittock, S. J., Lucchinetti, C. F., & Weinshenker, B. G. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74 · Cited by 2,568
Self-citationCortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis
Kutzelnigg, A., Lucchinetti, C. F., Stadelmann, C., Brück, W., Rauschka, H., Bergmann, M., Schmidbauer, M., Parisi, J. E., & Lassmann, H. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh641 · Cited by 1,836
Self-citationMagliozzi, R., Howell, O. W., Vora, A., Serafini, B., Nicholas, R. S., Puopolo, M., Reynolds, R., & Aloisi, F. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm038 · Cited by 1,486
Peterson, J. W., Bö, L., Mörk, S., Chang, A., & Trapp, B. D. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1123 · Cited by 1,403
Serafini, B., Rosicarelli, B., Magliozzi, R., Stigliano, E., & Aloisi, F. (2004) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00049.x · Cited by 1,208
Reboldi, A., Coisne, C., Baumjohann, D., Benvenuto, F., Bottinelli, D., Lira, S., Uccelli, A., Lanzavecchia, A., Engelhardt, B., & Sallusto, F. (2009) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1716 · Cited by 1,206
Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis
Kidd, D., Barkhof, F., McConnell, R., Algra, P. R., Allen, I. V., & Revesz, T. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.1.17 · Cited by 766
Subpial Demyelination in the Cerebral Cortex of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Bø, L., Vedeler, C. A., Nyland, H. I., Trapp, B. D., & Mørk, S. J. (2003) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/62.7.723 · Cited by 757
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Tardif CL, 2010, Med Image Comput Assist Interv, 13, 181
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,000
Neuroinflammatory canine disorders: unveiling disease mechanisms from a One Health perspective
Church, M. E., Hernandez, S. I., & Alvarez, J. I. (2025) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkaf236 · Cited by 1
Optic nerve pathologies in multiple sclerosis based on the new McDonald criteria 2024
Gębka-Kępińska, B., Majchrzak, J., Bączyk, J. K., Gębka, D., Morawiec, N., & Adamczyk-Sowa, M. H. (2026) · Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska · doi:10.5603/pjnns.109311 · Cited by 1
Wenzel, L., Heinig, L., Wang, D., Vankriekelsvenne, E., Wigger, N., Zimmermann, A., Rößler, J., Clarner, T., & Kipp, M. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15110964 · Cited by 1
Kamimura, D., Arima, Y., Atsumi, T., Meng, J., Sabharwal, L., Bando, H., Ogura, H., Jiang, J., Huseby, E. S., & Murakami, M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800763-1.00006-3 · Cited by 1
Eker, A., Tuncer, A., & Karabudak, R. (2015) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Neurology · doi:10.5336/neuro.2014-42494 · Cited by 1
Pathophysiology of Lymphatic Drainage of the Central Nervous System
Weller, R. O., Carare, R. O., Hawkes, C. A., & Galea, I. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800763-1.00019-1 · Cited by 1
Gray matter lesions and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Kawachi, I., Saji, E., & Nishizawa, M. (2014) · Rinsho Shinkeigaku · doi:10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.1060 · Cited by 1
Patti, F., Chisari, C. G., D’Amico, E., & Zappia, M. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2018.1432594 · Cited by 1
Bradl, M., & Lassmann, H. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0061 · Cited by 1
Self-citationCognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis
Pashkovskaya, D. V., Alifirova, V. M., & Kamenskikh, E. M. (2022) · Russian neurological Journal · doi:10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-2-14-21 · Cited by 1
Trufanov, A. G., Polushin, A. Y., Горбунова, Э. А., & Lukin, M. V. (2023) · Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine · doi:10.18705/27823806-2023-3-1-27-42 · Cited by 1
Antiaris africana aqueous extract inhibits chronic demyelination and seizures in mice
Amoah, R., Danquah, J., & Mante, P. K. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34296 · Cited by 1
Smolders, J., Hamann, J., & Huitinga, I. (2024) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90242-7.00016-x · Cited by 1
Pathologie und Immunpathogenese der Multiplen Sklerose
Stadelmann, C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1766-8_2 · Cited by 2
The Role of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis
Hemmer, B., Kowarik, M. C., & Weber, M. S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7953-6_5 · Cited by 1
B cells set trends: Lessons from multiple sclerosis
Lawrie, S. M., & Bar‐Or, A. (2012) · Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1111/j.1759-1961.2012.00029.x · Cited by 1
How do T h17 cells mediate autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system?
Korn, T. (2014) · Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1111/cen3.12126 · Cited by 1
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 AND INFLAMMATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Voloshyná, N., Vasylovskyy, V., Nehreba, T., Chernenko, M., & Vovk, V. I. (2016) · EUREKA Health Sciences · doi:10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00039 · Cited by 1
Șair ve Hekim Aḥmedī’nin Tervīḥü’l-Ervāḥ adlı manzum eserinde“geriatri” üzerine bir bölüm
Ahmet, A. (2016) · Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası · doi:10.1501/tipfak_0000000921 · Cited by 1
Farshidfar, Z., Faeghi, F., Haghighatkhah, H., & Abdolmohammadi, J. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1
Neuroimaging in Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases
Longoni, G., & Banwell, B. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1605580 · Cited by 1
Unraveling cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis using the T1‐/T2‐weighted ratio?
Mainero, C., & Louapre, C. (2017) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25063 · Cited by 1
Modern Role of the Physician Assistant Program Medical Director
Warner, M. (2017) · The Journal of Physician Assistant Education · doi:10.1097/jpa.0000000000000153 · Cited by 1
Where there is inflammation, treatment may reduce disability progression – Commentary
Rube, J., & Lisak, R. P. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458518799639 · Cited by 1
B Cell-based Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis
Osherov, M., & Milo, R. (2019) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781788016070-00134 · Cited by 1
β‐synuclein at the “synapse” of encephalitis and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis?
Richman, S. A., & Hunter, C. A. (2019) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1111/imcb.12270 · Cited by 1
Paul, F. (2019) · Advances in predictive, preventive and personalised medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13550-8_9 · Cited by 1
Paraneoplastic and Other Autoimmune Disorders
Mohler, A. C., Montalvo, M., & Roth, J. L. (2019) · Current clinical neurology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24436-1_13 · Cited by 1
Management of Acute Demyelinating Attacks in the Pediatric Population: A Swiss Consensus Statement
Hofer, S., Bauder, F., Mori, A. C., Chan, A., Dill, P. E., Garcia-Tarodo, S., Simonetti, B. G., Hackenberg, A., Kalser, J., Maier, O., et al. (2021) · Neuropediatrics · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1739643 · Cited by 1
Advanced MRI quantification of neuroinflammatory disorders
Ouellette, R. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.25054 · Cited by 1
Management of Acute Demyelinating Attacks in the Pediatric Population: A Swiss Consensus Statement
Hofer, S., Bauder, F., Mori, A. C., Chan, A., Dill, P. E., Garcia-Tarodo, S., Simonetti, B. G., Hackenberg, A., Kalser, J., Maier, O., et al. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.3390/ctn5020017 · Cited by 1
Clinical Neuroimaging in Pediatric Dysimmune Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Branson, H. M., & Longoni, G. (2022) · Seminars in Roentgenology · doi:10.1053/j.ro.2022.11.001 · Cited by 1
Efficacy of neuronavigation guided biopsy in deep seated brain lesions
Chhabra, A., Singla, D. K., Singh, D. K., Gupta, S. K., Kaif, M., Yadav, K., & Ahmad, F. J. (2022) · Romanian Neurosurgery · doi:10.33962/roneuro-2022-050 · Cited by 1
Inflammatory diseases of the CNS
Verkhratsky, A., & Butt, A. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821565-4.00013-4 · Cited by 1
Multiple Sclerosis and Microbes
Fong, I. W. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1670-2_8 · Cited by 1
Live imaging of autoimmune responses in distinct milieus of the central nervous system
Schlosser, C. S. (2013) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-4014 · Cited by 1
Arbour, N., & Prat, A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118732748.ch3 · Cited by 1
Ho, R. J. Y., & Gibaldi, M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118660485.ch11 · Cited by 1
Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Cross, A. H., & Piccio, L. M. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118298633.ch2 · Cited by 1
Axonal Loss and Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis
Dutta, R., Chen, J. M., Ohno, N., Ontaneda, D., & Trapp, B. D. (2017) · Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1002/9781118661895.ch20 · Cited by 1
HLA genotype and cortical lesions: Response to the letter from Spencer et al.
Shinoda, K., Matsushita, T., Nakamura, Y., Masaki, K., Yamasaki, R., & Kira, J. (2017) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458517734072 · Cited by 1
Cunniffe, N. (2021) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.77136 · Cited by 1
Koeller, K. K., & Barkhof, F. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2628-5_9 · Cited by 1
The role of hypoxia in neuroinflammatory disease
Desai, R. (2013) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Sanson, C. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/205f3741zaac1z422eza6aeza2902010260f · Cited by 1
Sghaier, R. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5d9752b6zd8dcz4044z9137zad307bac6dbd · Cited by 1
Cortical Lesions Form Predominantly in Early Multiple SclerosisPreprint
Ayci, B., Dereskewicz, E., Silva, J. D. S., Galasso, J., Rust, P., Rosa, F. L., Liu, J., Reich, D. S., Sumowski, J. F., & Beck, E. S. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.30.26352141 · Cited by 1
Immuntherapien und infektiologische Probleme bei Multipler Sklerose
Winkelmann, A., Löbermann, M., Reisinger, E. C., Hartung, H., & Zettl, U. K. (2015) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-015-4369-7
Mild Encephalitis Theory of Psychiatric Disorders
Bechter, K. (2015) · Current topics in neurotoxicity · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_5
Eisele, S. C. (2013) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.15639
Jürgens, T. (2013) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-3904
Chard, D., & Miller, D. H. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2395-8_6
Multiple Sclerosis: Impact on Functioning of the Blood–Brain Barrier
Mizee, M. R., Kooij, G., & de Vries, H. E. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1071-7_8
Tur, C., & Ciccarelli, O. (2012) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt.12.49
Gallì, P., Brochet, B., Jeannin, S., Olindo, S., Signaté, A., & Cabre, P. (2014) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2014.01.290
Towards endophenotyping multiple sclerosis
Strijbis, E. M. M. (2014) · Pure Amsterdam UMC
Gray-Matter Lesions and Inflammation in MS
Naismith, R. T. (2011) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/jn201112070000001
Innate immunity in progressive multiple sclerosis
Aeinehband, S. (2015) · Figshare
Nicklén, J. (2016) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Higgins, M., Sosowsky, E., & Zinberg, E. (2015) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Robinson, R. (2012) · Neurology Today · doi:10.1097/01.nt.0000411141.73994.c0
Inflammatory Cortical Demyelination in Early Multiple Sclerosis
Grzybicki, D. M. (2013) · Yearbook of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypat.2012.11.096
Pharmacological Inhibition of Cyclophilin Ameliorates Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
Huang, Z. L. (2016) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/abe6-1h82
Optical coherence tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis
Saidha, S., & Calabresi, P. A. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139649506.011
Pathologie und Pathophysiologie
Stadelmann, C., & Brück, W. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-22083-8.00004-3
Self-citationStem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis
Kassis, I., Petrou, P., & Karussis, D. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801914-6.00030-1
Filley, C. M. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139548878.008
Vignos, M. (2016) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Patel, V. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
The role of female sex hormones in multiple sclerosis and its animal models
Śmietanka, K., & Bielecki, B. (2017) · Aktualności Neurologiczne · doi:10.15557/an.2017.0003
Brownlee, W. J. (2017) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
The early diagnosis and treatments in multiple sclerosis
Huh, S. (2017) · Kosin Medical Journal · doi:10.7180/kmj.2017.32.2.151 · Cited by 1
Takai, Y., Warabi, Y., Norioka, R., Tojima, M., Ikezawa, J., Okiyama, R., & Isozaki, E. (2018) · Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1111/cen3.12435
La perte de volume cérébral comme quatrième paramètre dans la sclérose en plaques
Linnebank, M. (2016) · Forum Médical Suisse ‒ Swiss Medical Forum · doi:10.4414/fms.2016.02497
Der Hirnvolumenverlust als vierter Parameter bei Multipler Sklerose
Linnebank, M. (2016) · Swiss Medical Forum ‒ Schweizerisches Medizin-Forum · doi:10.4414/smf.2016.02497
What do we know about the pathology of gray matter in multiple sclerosis
Хачанова, Н. В. (2018) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro201811808218
Experimental models of cortical multiple sclerosis pathology
Witte, M. E., & van Horssen, J. (2017) · Drug Discovery Today Disease Models · doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2018.09.002
Acute multiple sclerosis lesion pathology does not predict subsequent clinical course—a biopsy study
KEARNEY, H. F., Price, T., Cryan, J. B., Beausang, A., Looby, S. T., Brett, F. M., & Farrell, M. A. (2019) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-019-01983-z
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Drug Discovery
Alshehri, E., & Cohen, J. A. (2019) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781788016070-00111
Immunologie de la sclérose en plaques
Defer, G. L., Debouverie, M., Bardou, I., Benamar, M., Bernard‐Valnet, R., Branger, P., Brassat, D., Benallegue, N., Calocer, F., Damotte, V., et al. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-71420-7.00005-7
Anatomie pathologique de la sclérose en plaques et des maladies apparentées
Seilhean, D., & Merkler, D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-71420-7.00004-5
Eisele, P., Szabo, K., & Gass, A. (2019) · Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology
Recent Developments of Diagnostic Criteria in Multiple Sclerosis
Houshman, M., & Mohammed, F. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.33844/cjm.2019.60489
Chitnis, T., & Khoury, S. J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.00079-9
Chard, D., & Ciccarelli, O. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65921-3_5
Imaging and therapy in multiple sclerosis
Brown, J. W. L. (2019) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.52109
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERFERON BETA-1A IN MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A CASE REPORT
Puspitasari, V., Sutanto, A., & Pangestu, A. (2020) · MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) · doi:10.21776/ub.mnj.2020.006.02.10
Cortical inflammation in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Donáth, V. (2019) · Neurologie pro praxi · doi:10.36290/neu.2019.134
Reply: Tissue-resident CD8+ memory T cells in multiple sclerosis
Smolders, J., Fransen, N. L., Huitinga, I., & Hamann, J. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa353
de Jesús, A., Martín, M. M. B., Alarcón-Calaña, C., Grass-Fernández, D., Hernández-Díaz, Z. M., & de la Fé, A. D. (2020) · Revista Ecuatoriana de Neurologia · doi:10.46997/revecuatneurol29300015
Duncker, P. C. (2018) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Epilepsia Partialis Continua in a Patient with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Görken, G., & Yılgör, A. (2021) · Turkish Journal Of Neurology · doi:10.4274/tnd.2020.96992
Üçal, M., Haindl, M. T., Adzemovic, M. Z., Zeitelhofer, M., Schaefer, U., Fazekas, F., & Hochmeister, S. (2021) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/57879
地場産業の人材育成 (特集 地域活性化と地域経済を担う人材育成の課題)
加護野, 忠. (2012) · 中小商工業研究
Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis
Leppä, V. (2013) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Mainero, C. (2014) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · doi:10.21236/ada611615
(2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-22085-2.00028-8
Metadata
- Authors
- Lucchinetti, C. F., Popescu, B. F. G., Bunyan, R. F., Moll, N. M., Roemer, S. F., Lassmann, H., Brück, W., Parisi, J. E., Scheithauer, B. W., Giannini, C., Weigand, S. D., Mandrekar, J., & Ransohoff, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Cleveland Clinic Research (US)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2011-12-08
- Volume
- 365
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2188-2197
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC3282172
- OpenAlex
- W2113948549
- Cited by
- 1,103
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 89 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 58.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG3185-B-3)
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- National Institutes of Health (P50NS38667)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50NS38667, P50NS038667, R01NS049577)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, cortical demyelination, inflammatory demyelination, meningeal inflammation, cortical lesions, early multiple sclerosis, white matter lesions, stereotactic biopsy, disease progression
- MeSH terms
- Biopsy, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Inflammation, Multiple Sclerosis, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Neurodegenerative Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
