Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines from the international panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Abstract
The International Panel on MS Diagnosis presents revised diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS). The focus remains on the objective demonstration of dissemination of lesions in both time and space. Magnetic resonance imaging is integrated with dinical and other paraclinical diagnostic methods. The revised criteria facilitate the diagnosis of MS in patients with a variety of presentations, including "monosymptomatic" disease suggestive of MS, disease with a typical relapsing-remitting course, and disease with insidious progression, without clear attacks and remissions. Previously used terms such as "clinically definite" and "probable MS" are no longer recommended. The outcome of a diagnostic evaluation is either MS, "possible MS" (for those at risk for MS, but for whom diagnostic evaluation is equivocal), or "not MS."
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The 2001 and 2005 McDonald Criteria required three or more periventricular lesions as one of the anatomic locations that could fulfill MRI criteria for DIS.
“The 2001 and 2005 McDonald Criteria required three or more periventricular lesions as one of the anatomic locations that could fulfill MRI criteria for DIS. 3,4”
From Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
Subsequent criteria incorporated imaging and other paraclinical markers in response to technological advances and new data.
“Subsequent criteria incorporated imaging and other paraclinical markers in response to technological advances and new data. 2-5”
From Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- McDonald, W. I., Compston, A., Edan, G., Goodkin, D., Hartung, H., Lublin, F. D., McFarland, H. F., Paty, D. W., Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Sandberg‐Wollheim, M., Sibley, W., Thompson, A., Van Den Noort, S., Weinshenker, B. Y., & Wolinsky, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Royal College of Physicians (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes (FR)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Graz (AT)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society (US)
- Lund University (SE)
- University of Arizona (US)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-06-26
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 121-127
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2105490558
- Cited by
- 6,969
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 116 · 2024: 124 · 2023: 146 · 2022: 192 · 2021: 203 · 2020: 221 · 2019: 205 · 2018: 253 · 2017: 284 · 2016: 296 · 2015: 317 · 2014: 372 · 2013: 413 · 2012: 423
- FWCI
- 107.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, diagnostic criteria, magnetic resonance imaging, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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