Cited by 2,641Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens researchInfection Control in HealthcareAntimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States

Open access

Lessa, Fernanda C., Mu, Yi, Bamberg, Wendy M., Beldavs, Zintars G., Dumyati, Ghinwa K., Dunn, John R., Farley, Monica M., Holzbauer, Stacy M., Meek, James I., Phipps, Erin C., Wilson, Lucy E., Winston, Lisa G., Cohen, Jessica A., Limbago, Brandi M., Fridkin, Scott K., Gerding, Dale N., McDonald, L. Clifford·2015·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1408913PMC PMC10966662

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The magnitude and scope of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States continue to evolve. METHODS: In 2011, we performed active population- and laboratory-based surveillance across 10 geographic areas in the United States to identify cases of C. difficile infection (stool specimens positive for C. difficile on either toxin or molecular assay in residents ≥ 1 year of age). Cases were classified as community-associated or health care-associated. In a sample of cases of C. difficile infection, specimens were cultured and isolates underwent molecular typing. We used regression models to calculate estimates of national incidence and total number of infections, first recurrences, and deaths within 30 days after the diagnosis of C. difficile infection. RESULTS: A total of 15,461 cases of C. difficile infection were identified in the 10 geographic areas; 65.8% were health care-associated, but only 24.2% had onset during hospitalization. After adjustment for predictors of disease incidence, the estimated number of incident C. difficile infections in the United States was 453,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 397,100 to 508,500). The incidence was estimated to be higher among females (rate ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.27), whites (rate ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.56 to 2.0), and persons 65 years of age or older (rate ratio, 8.65; 95% CI, 8.16 to 9.31). The estimated number of first recurrences of C. difficile infection was 83,000 (95% CI, 57,000 to 108,900), and the estimated number of deaths was 29,300 (95% CI, 16,500 to 42,100). The North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 (NAP1) strain was more prevalent among health care-associated infections than among community-associated infections (30.7% vs. 18.8%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: C. difficile was responsible for almost half a million infections and was associated with approximately 29,000 deaths in 2011. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmoa1408913

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care-associated infections
Magill, S. S., Edwards, J. R., Bamberg, W., Beldavs, Z. G., Dumyati, G., Kainer, M. A., Lynfield, R., Maloney, M., McAllister-Hollod, L., Nadle, J., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1306801 · Cited by 3,931
Self-citation
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
Cohen, S. H., Gerding, D. N., Johnson, S., Kelly, C. P., Loo, V. G., McDonald, L. C., Pépin, J., & Wilcox, M. H. (2010) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/651706 · Cited by 2,931
Self-citation
Sampling: Design and Analysis
Ziegel, E. R., & Lohr, S. L. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271491 · Cited by 2,452
An Epidemic, Toxin Gene–Variant Strain of Clostridium difficile
McDonald, L. C., Killgore, G., Thompson, A. D., Owens, R. C., Kazakova, S. V., Sambol, S. P., Johnson, S., & Gerding, D. N. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051590 · Cited by 2,020
Self-citation
A Predominantly Clonal Multi-Institutional Outbreak ofClostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea with High Morbidity and Mortality
Loo, V. G., Poirier, L., Miller, M. A., Oughton, M., Libman, M., Michaud, S., Bourgault, A., Nguyen, T., Frenette, C. H., Kelly, M., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051639 · Cited by 1,962
Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey
Bauer, M. P., Notermans, D. W., BENTHEM, B. H. B. V., Brazier, J. S., Wilcox, M. H., Rupnik, M., Monnet, D. L., van Dissel, J. T., & Kuijper, E. J. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61266-4 · Cited by 1,049
The Changing Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infections
Freeman, J., Bauer, M. P., Baines, S. D., Corver, J., Fawley, W. N., Goorhuis, A., Kuijper, E. J., & Wilcox, M. H. (2010) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00082-09 · Cited by 838
Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies against Clostridium difficile Toxins
Lowy, I., Molrine, D. C., Leav, B. A., Blair, B. M., Baxter, R. P., Gerding, D. N., Nichol, G. M., Thomas, W. D., Leney, M. D., Sloan, S. E., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0907635 · Cited by 743
Self-citation
Burden of Clostridium difficile on the Healthcare System
Dubberke, E. R., & Olsen, M. A. A. (2012) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cis335 · Cited by 566
Differences in outcome according to Clostridium difficile testing method: a prospective multicentre diagnostic validation study of C difficile infection
Planche, T., Davies, K., Coen, P. G., Finney, J. M., Monahan, I. M., Morris, K. A., O’Connor, L., Oakley, S. J., Pope, C. F., Wren, M. W. D., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70200-7 · Cited by 436

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 44 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

2005, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 54, 1201
Heitjan DF, 1991, J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat, 40, 13
2014, Fed Regist, 79, 10524
2011, Fed Regist, 76, 51476

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 1,002

Antimicrobial therapy of acute diarrhoea: a clinical review
Lübbert, C. (2015) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1128824 · Cited by 72
High-resolution profiling of the gut microbiome reveals the extent of Clostridium difficile burden
Daquigan, N., Seekatz, A. M., Greathouse, K. L., Young, V. B., & White, J. R. (2017) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-017-0043-0 · Cited by 67
The possible role of bacteria, viruses, and parasites in initiation and exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome
Shariati, A., Fallah, F., Pormohammad, A., Taghipour, A., Safari, H., Chirani, A. S., Sabour, S., Sani, M. A., & Azimi, T. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.27828 · Cited by 71
Identification of a Novel Lipoprotein Regulator of Clostridium difficile Spore Germination
Fimlaid, K. A., Jensen, O., Donnelly, M. L., Francis, M. B., Sorg, J. A., & Shen, A. (2015) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005239 · Cited by 69
The Risks of Incident and Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Phatharacharukul, P., Thongprayoon, C., Cheungpasitporn, W., Edmonds, P. J., Mahaparn, P., & Bruminhent, J. (2015) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-015-3714-9 · Cited by 70
Antibodies to Toxin B Are Protective AgainstClostridium difficileInfection Recurrence
Gupta, S. B., Mehta, V., Dubberke, E. R., Zhao, X., Dorr, M. B., Güriş, D., Molrine, D. C., Leney, M. D., Miller, M. A., Dupin, M., et al. (2016) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciw364 · Cited by 68
Risk Factors for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection; Results From the Observational Study of Risk Factors for Clostridium difficile Infection in Hospitalized Patients With Infective Diarrhea (ORCHID)
Davies, K., Lawrence, J., Berry, C., Davis, G. L., Yu, H., Cai, B., Gonzalez, E., Prantner, I., Kurcz, A., Macovei, I. S., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00293 · Cited by 68
Mouse models for bacterial enteropathogen infections: insights into the role of colonization resistance
Herzog, M. K.-M., Cazzaniga, M., Peters, A., Shayya, N. W., Beldi, L., Hapfelmeier, S., Heimesaat, M. M., Bereswill, S., Frankel, G. M., Gahan, C. G. M., et al. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2172667 · Cited by 72
Clostridium Difficile Colonization in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Study of the Epidemiology and Outcomes Involving Toxigenic and Nontoxigenic Strains
Jain, T., Croswell, C., Urday-Cornejo, V., Awali, R. A., Cutright, J. L., Salimnia, H., Banavasi, H. V. R., Liubakka, A. M., Lephart, P., Chopra, T., et al. (2015) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.07.020 · Cited by 68
Fecal Microbiota Transplant Decreases Mortality in Patients with Refractory Severe or Fulminant Clostridioides difficile Infection
Cheng, Y., Phelps, E. L., Nemes, S., Rogers, N. A., Sagi, S. V., Bohm, M. E., El-Halabi, M. M., Allegretti, J. R., Kassam, Z., Xu, H., et al. (2020) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.12.029 · Cited by 68
A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials exploring the role of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
Rokkas, T., Gisbert, J. P., Gasbarrini, A., Hold, G. L., Tilg, H., Malfertheiner, P., Mégraud, F., & O'Morain, C. A. (2019) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1177/2050640619854587 · Cited by 69
Increasing antibiotic resistance in Clostridioides difficile: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Saha, S., Kapoor, S., Tariq, R., Schuetz, A. N., Tosh, P. K., Pardi, D. S., & Khanna, S. (2019) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102072 · Cited by 67
Constitutive expression of the cryptic vanGCd operon promotes vancomycin resistance in Clostridioides difficile clinical isolates
Shen, W., Deshpande, A., Hevener, K. E., Endres, B. T., Garey, K. W., Palmer, K. L., & Hurdle, J. G. (2019) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkz513 · Cited by 67
The impact of human vaccines on bacterial antimicrobial resistance. A review
Jansen, K. U., Gruber, W. C., Simon, R., Wassil, J., & Anderson, A. S. (2021) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-021-01274-z · Cited by 79
Regulation of Clostridium difficile spore germination by the CspA pseudoprotease domain
Kevorkian, Y. L., Shirley, D. J., & Shen, A. (2015) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.023 · Cited by 67
Saccharomyces boulardii to Prevent Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Ehrhardt, S., Guo, N., Hinz, R., Schoppen, S., May, J., Reiser, M., Schroeder, M. P., Schmiedel, S., Keuchel, M., Reisinger, E. C., et al. (2016) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw011 · Cited by 69
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Capsules with Targeted Colonic Versus Gastric Delivery in Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Comparative Cohort Analysis of High and Lose Dose
Allegretti, J. R., Fischer, M., Sagi, S. V., Bohm, M. E., Fadda, H. M., Ranmal, S. R., Budree, S., Basit, A. W., Glettig, D. L., de la Serna, E. L., et al. (2018) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5396-6 · Cited by 67
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection burden in Japan: A multicenter prospective study
Kato, H., Senoh, M., Honda, H., Fukuda, T., Tagashira, Y., Horiuchi, H., Chiba, H., Suzuki, D., Hosokawa, N., Kitazono, H., et al. (2019) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.03.007 · Cited by 67
Interventions to Reduce the Incidence of Hospital-Onset Clostridium difficile Infection: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach to Evaluate Clinical Effectiveness in Adult Acute Care Hospitals
Barker, A., Alagöz, O., & Safdar, N. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix962 · Cited by 66
Clostridioides difficile LuxS mediates inter-bacterial interactions within biofilms
Slater, R. T., Frost, L. R., Jossi, S. E., Millard, A. D., & Unnikrishnan, M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46143-6 · Cited by 71
Metagenomic and culturomic analysis of gut microbiota dysbiosis during Clostridium difficile infection
Amrane, S., Hocquart, M., Afouda, P., Kuete, E., Pham, T.-P.-T., Dione, N., Ngom, I. I., Valles, C., Bachar, D., Raoult, D., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49189-8 · Cited by 68
Economic burden and cost-effectiveness of therapies for Clostridiodes difficile infection: a narrative review
Gupta, A., & Ananthakrishnan, A. N. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/17562848211018654 · Cited by 66
Capturing the environment of the Clostridioides difficile infection cycle
Schnizlein, M. K., & Young, V. B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00610-0 · Cited by 63
Germinants and Their Receptors in Clostridia
Bhattacharjee, D., McAllister, K. N., & Sorg, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00405-16 · Cited by 70
Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients With Cancer Treated With Cytotoxic Chemotherapy: A Single-Institution Retrospective Case Series
Hefazi, M., Patnaik, M. M., Hogan, W. J., Litzow, M. R., Pardi, D. S., & Khanna, S. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.08.016 · Cited by 66
Cost-effectiveness of Bezlotoxumab Compared With Placebo for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
Prabhu, V. S., Dubberke, E. R., Dorr, M. B., Elbasha, E. H., Cossrow, N., Jiang, Y., & Marcella, S. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix809 · Cited by 66
Oral probiotic combination of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium alters the gastrointestinal microbiota during antibiotic treatment for Clostridium difficile infection
Wolfe, T. J. D., Eggers, S. I., Barker, A., Kates, A., Dill‐McFarland, K. A., Suen, G., & Safdar, N. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204253 · Cited by 69
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) during the COVID-19 pandemic
Spigaglia, P. (2022) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102518 · Cited by 65
A Comprehensive Study of Costs Associated With Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
Rodrigues, R., Barber, G. E., & Ananthakrishnan, A. N. (2016) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2016.246 · Cited by 66
Low Risk of Primary Clostridium difficile Infection With Tetracyclines: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Tariq, R., Cho, J. M., Kapoor, S., Orenstein, R., Singh, S., Pardi, D. S., & Khanna, S. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix833 · Cited by 65
A prospective, multi-centre US clinical trial to determine accuracy of FebriDx point-of-care testing for acute upper respiratory infections with and without a confirmed fever
Shapiro, N. I., Self, W. H., Rosen, J., Sharp, S. C., Filbin, M. R., Hou, P. C., Parekh, A., Kurz, M. C., & Sambursky, R. P. (2018) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2018.1474002 · Cited by 64
Gut metabolites predict Clostridioides difficile recurrence
Dawkins, J. J., Allegretti, J. R., Gibson, T. E., McClure, E. L., Delaney, M. L., Bry, L., & Gerber, G. K. (2022) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-022-01284-1 · Cited by 64
Incidence and Costs of Clostridium difficile Infections in Canada
Levy, A. R., Szabo, S. M., Lozano‐Ortega, G., Lloyd‐Smith, E., Leung, V. C. M., Lawrence, R., & Romney, M. G. (2015) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv076 · Cited by 64
Role of cephalosporins in the era ofClostridium difficileinfection
Wilcox, M. H., Chalmers, J. D., Nord, C. E., Freeman, J., & Bouza, E. (2016) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkw385 · Cited by 64
Bezlotoxumab: an emerging monoclonal antibody therapy for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
Navalkele, B. D., & Chopra, T. (2018) · Biologics · doi:10.2147/btt.s127099 · Cited by 64
Prevention of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Madoff, S. E., Urquiaga, M., Alonso, C. D., & Kelly, C. P. (2019) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102098 · Cited by 68
Transmission and clearance of potential procarcinogenic bacteria during fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile
Drewes, J. L., Corona, A., Sanchez, U., Fan, Y., Hourigan, S. K., Weidner, M., Sidhu, S. D., Simner, P. J., Wang, H., Timp, W., et al. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.130848 · Cited by 62
Iron Regulation in Clostridioides difficile
Berges, M., Michel, A.-M., Lassek, C., Nuss, A. M., Beckstette, M., Dersch, P., Riedel, K., Sievers, S., Becher, D., Otto, A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.03183 · Cited by 63
Primary prevention of Clostridium difficile infections with a specific probiotic combining Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, and L. rhamnosus strains: assessing the evidence
McFarland, L. V., Ship, N. J., Auclair, J., & Millette, M. (2018) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2018.04.017 · Cited by 69
Lighting Up Clostridium Difficile: Reporting Gene Expression Using Fluorescent Lov Domains
Buckley, A. M., Jukes, C., Candlish, D., Irvine, J. J., Spencer, J., Fagan, R. P., Roe, A. J., Christie, J. M., Fairweather, N. F., & Douce, G. R. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep23463 · Cited by 63
Comparison of the Hospital-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection Risk of Using Proton Pump Inhibitors versus Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Stress Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Azab, M. A. E., Doo, L. D., Doo, D. H., Elmofti, Y., Ahmed, M., Cadavona, J. J. P., Liu, X. B., Shafi, A., Joo, M. K., & Yoo, J. W. (2017) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl16568 · Cited by 63
Status of vaccine research and development for Clostridium difficile
Riley, T. V., Lyras, D., & Douce, G. R. (2019) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.052 · Cited by 67
Curcumin: A natural derivative with antibacterial activity against Clostridium difficile
Mody, D., Athamneh, A. I. M., & Seleem, M. N. (2019) · Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance · doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2019.10.005 · Cited by 63
Clostridioides difficile Senses and Hijacks Host Heme for Incorporation into an Oxidative Stress Defense System
Knippel, R. J., Wexler, A. G., Miller, J. M., Beavers, W. N., Weiss, A., de Crécy-Lagard, V., Edmonds, K. A., Giedroc, D. P., & Skaar, E. P. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.05.015 · Cited by 62
Clostridium difficile infection in returning travellers
Stevens, A. M., Esposito, D. H., Stoney, R. J., Hamer, D. H., Flores‐Figueroa, J., Bottieau, E., Connor, B. A., Gkrania‐Klotsas, E., Goorhuis, A., Hynes, N. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taw099 · Cited by 64
Fecal microbiota transplantation: Uses, questions, and ethics
Grigoryan, Z., Shen, M. J., Twardus, S. W., Beuttler, M. M., Chen, L. A., & Bateman-House, A. (2020) · Medicine in Microecology · doi:10.1016/j.medmic.2020.100027 · Cited by 63
Oxidative ornithine metabolism supports non-inflammatory C. difficile colonization
Pruss, K. M., Enam, F., Battaglioli, E. J., DeFeo, M. E., Diaz, O. R., Higginbottom, S. K., Fischer, C. R., Hryckowian, A. J., Treuren, W. V., Dodd, D., et al. (2022) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00506-4 · Cited by 62
Effect of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Chen, T., Zhou, Q., Zhang, D., Jiang, F., Wu, J., Zhou, J., Zheng, X., & Chen, Y. (2018) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy031 · Cited by 62
Reduced Clostridium difficile Tests and Laboratory-Identified Events With a Computerized Clinical Decision Support Tool and Financial Incentive
Madden, G. R., Mesner, I. G., Cox, H. L., Mathers, A. J., Lyman, J. A., Sifri, C. D., & Enfield, K. B. (2018) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2018.53 · Cited by 62
Comparing fecal microbiota transplantation to standard-of-care treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Khan, M. Y., Dirweesh, A. M., Khurshid, T., & Siddiqui, W. J. (2018) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000001243 · Cited by 62
Novel therapies and preventative strategies for primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile infections
Dieterle, M. G., Rao, K. K., & Young, V. B. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13958 · Cited by 62
Laboratory Tests for the Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile
Carroll, K. C., & Mizusawa, M. (2020) · Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400476 · Cited by 62
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections: Research Priorities, Accomplishments, and Future Directions of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group
Doernberg, S. B., Lodise, T. P., Thaden, J. T., Munita, J. M., Cosgrove, S. E., Arias, C. A., Boucher, H. W., Corey, G. R., Lowy, F. D., Murray, B. E., et al. (2016) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciw828 · Cited by 62
Enhanced surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection occurring outside hospital, England, 2011 to 2013
Fawley, W. N., Davies, K., Morris, T., Parnell, P., Howe, R. A., Wilcox, M. H., & on behalf of the Clostridium difficile Ribotyping Network (CDRN) Working Group (2016) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.29.30295 · Cited by 61
Pathogenicity Locus, Core Genome, and Accessory Gene Contributions to Clostridium difficile Virulence
Lewis, B. B., Carter, R. A., Ling, L., Leiner, I. M., Taur, Y., Kamboj, M., Dubberke, E. R., Xavier, J. B., & Pamer, E. G. (2017) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00885-17 · Cited by 65
Sleeping with the enemy: Clostridium difficile infection in the intensive care unit
Prechter, F., Katzer, K., Bauer, M. W., & Stallmach, A. (2017) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1819-6 · Cited by 61
Prognostic factors for severe and recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review
van Rossen, T. M., Ooijevaar, R. E., Vandenbroucke‐Grauls, C. M. J. E., Dekkers, O. M., Kuijper, E. J., Keller, J. J., & van Prehn, J. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.09.026 · Cited by 72
Using Multiplex Molecular Testing to Determine the Etiology of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
Nicholson, M. R., Horn, G. T. V., Tang, Y., Vinjé, J., Payne, D. C., Edwards, K. M., & Chappell, J. D. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.068 · Cited by 61
Exploring the Antimicrobial Action of Quaternary Amines against Acinetobacter baumannii
Knauf, G. A., Cunningham, A. L., Kazi, M. I., Riddington, I. M., Crofts, A. A., Cattoir, V., Trent, M. S., & Davies, B. W. (2018) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02394-17 · Cited by 61
Updates to Clostridium difficile Spore Germination
Kochan, T. J., Foley, M. H., Shoshiev, M. S., Somers, M. J., Carlson, P. E., & Hanna, P. C. (2018) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00218-18 · Cited by 61
Decrease in Surgery for Clostridium difficile Infection After Starting a Program to Transplant Fecal Microbiota
Cammarota, G., Ianiro, G., Magalini, S., Gasbarrini, A., & Gui, D. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/l15-5139 · Cited by 61
Proton Pump Inhibitors Do Not Increase Risk for Clostridium difficile Infection in the Intensive Care Unit
Faleck, D. M., Salmasian, H., Furuya, Y. E., Larson, E., Abrams, J. A., & Freedberg, D. E. (2016) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.343 · Cited by 64
Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug”
Markovska, R. D., Dimitrov, G. T., Gergova, R. T., & Boyanova, L. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11040845 · Cited by 60
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Alter the Microbiota and Exacerbate Clostridium difficile Colitis while Dysregulating the Inflammatory Response
Maseda, D., Zackular, J. P., Trindade, B. C., Kirk, L. A., Roxas, J. L., Rogers, L. M., Washington, M. K., Du, L., Koyama, T., Viswanathan, V. K., et al. (2019) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02282-18 · Cited by 60
Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Older Adults in the United States: 2011 to 2014
Kabbani, S., Palms, D. L., Bartoces, M. G., Stone, N. D., & Hicks, L. A. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15518 · Cited by 63
Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure and Common Bacterial Infections: A Nationwide Analysis of Concomitant Clostridium Difficile Infection Rates and In-Hospital Mortality
Mamic, P., Heidenreich, P. A., Hedlin, H., Tennakoon, L., & Staudenmayer, K. L. (2016) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.06.005 · Cited by 59
Household Transmission of Clostridium difficile to Family Members and Domestic Pets
Loo, V. G., Brassard, P., & Miller, M. A. (2016) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2016.178 · Cited by 60
Reducing Clostridium difficile in the Inpatient Setting: A Systematic Review of the Adherence to and Effectiveness of C. difficile Prevention Bundles
Barker, A., Ngam, C. R., Musuuza, J., Vaughn, V. M., & Safdar, N. (2017) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2017.7 · Cited by 59
The essential role of pharmacists in antibiotic stewardship in outpatient care: An official position statement of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
Blanchette, L. M., Gauthier, T. P., Heil, E. L., Klepser, M. E., Kelly, K. M., Nailor, M. D., Wei, W., & Suda, K. J. (2018) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2018.05.013 · Cited by 59
Healthcare resource utilization and direct medical costs associated with index and recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: a real-world data analysis
Feuerstadt, P., Stong, L., Dahdal, D. N., Sacks, N. C., Lang, K., & Nelson, W. W. (2020) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2020.1724117 · Cited by 58
The contribution of bile acid metabolism to the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection
Mullish, B. H., & Allegretti, J. R. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/17562848211017725 · Cited by 61
Prevalence of Detection of Clostridioides difficile Among Asymptomatic Children
Tougas, S., Lodha, N., Vandermeer, B., Lorenzetti, D., Tarr, P. I., Tarr, G. A. M., Chui, L., Vanderkooi, O. G., & Freedman, S. B. (2021) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2328 · Cited by 58
Clinical and Economic Benefits of Fidaxomicin Compared to Vancomycin for Clostridium difficile Infection
Gallagher, J. C., Reilly, J., Navalkele, B. D., Downham, G., Haynes, K., & Trivedi, M. (2015) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00939-15 · Cited by 58
Effect of Culture-Independent Diagnostic Tests on Future Emerging Infections Program Surveillance
Langley, G. F., Besser, J., Iwamoto, M., Lessa, F. C., Cronquist, A., Skoff, T. H., Chaves, S. S., Boxrud, D. J., Pinner, R. W., & Harrison, L. H. (2015) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2109.150570 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Using Machine Learning and the Electronic Health Record to Predict Complicated Clostridium difficile Infection
Li, B. Y., Oh, J., Young, V. B., Rao, K. K., & Wiens, J. (2019) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz186 · Cited by 58
Management of Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium ) difficile infection (CDI) in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Community of Practice
Mullane, K. M., Dubberke, E. R., & Practice, O. B. O. T. A. I. C. O. (2019) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.13564 · Cited by 58
A Systematic Literature Review on Risk Factors for and Timing of Clostridioides difficile Infection in the United States
Eeuwijk, J., Ferreira, G. S., Yarzabal, J., & Holle, M. R.-D. R. V. B. (2024) · Infectious Disease and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40121-024-00919-0 · Cited by 52
A Gut Odyssey: The Impact of the Microbiota on Clostridium difficile Spore Formation and Germination
Shen, A. (2015) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005157 · Cited by 60
Development and Validation of a Clostridium difficile Health-related Quality-of-Life Questionnaire
Garey, K. W., Aitken, S. L., Gschwind, L., Goddu, S., Xie, Y., Duff, C., Barbut, F., Shah, D. N., & DuPont, H. L. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000000473 · Cited by 57
The 5D framework: a clinical primer for fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Clostridium difficile infection
Allegretti, J. R., Kassam, Z., Osman, M., Budree, S., Fischer, M., & Kelly, C. R. (2017) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2017.05.036 · Cited by 59
Assessing the Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Roldan, G. A., Cui, A. X., & Pollock, N. R. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01747-17 · Cited by 57
Toxin Enzyme Immunoassays Detect Clostridioides difficile Infection With Greater Severity and Higher Recurrence Rates
Guh, A. Y., Hatfield, K. M., Winston, L. G., Martin, B., Johnston, H. L., Brousseau, G., Farley, M. M., Wilson, L. E., Perlmutter, R., Phipps, E. C., et al. (2019) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciz009 · Cited by 59
Self-citation
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
Perler, B. K., Chen, B., Phelps, E. L., Allegretti, J. R., Fischer, M., Ganapini, V., Krajicek, E. J., Kumar, V., Marcus, J., Nativ, L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001281 · Cited by 57
Current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis ofClostridium difficileinfection
Martínez-Meléndez, A., Camacho-Ortíz, A., Morfín‐Otero, R., Maldonado-Garza, H. J., Villarreal-Treviño, L., & Garza‐González, E. (2017) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1552 · Cited by 56
Microbe–microbe interactions during Clostridioides difficile infection
Abbas, A. A., & Zackular, J. P. (2020) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2020.01.016 · Cited by 58
The Positive Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Clostridium Difficile Infection
Tawam, D., Baladi, M., Jungsuwadee, P., Earl, G. L., & Han, J. (2021) · INNOVATIONS in pharmacy · doi:10.24926/iip.v12i1.3439 · Cited by 56
Gut microbiome therapy: fecal microbiota transplantation vs live biotherapeutic products
Kim, D.-Y., Lee, S.-Y., Lee, J., Whon, T. W., Lee, J., Jeon, C. O., & Bae, J. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2412376 · Cited by 62
Prediction of recurrent clostridium difficile infection at the bedside: the GEIH-CDI score
Cobo, J., Merino, E., Martínez, C., Cózar-Llistó, A., Shaw, E., Ciordia, T. M., Calbo, E., Bereciartúa, E., Sánchez-Muñoz, L. Á., Salavert, M., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.09.010 · Cited by 59
Clostridium difficile, the Difficult “Kloster” Fuelled by Antibiotics
Dicks, L. M. T., Mikkelsen, L. S., Brandsborg, E., & Marcotte, H. (2018) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-018-1543-8 · Cited by 56
Enhanced preservation of the human intestinal microbiota by ridinilazole, a novel Clostridium difficile-targeting antibacterial, compared to vancomycin
Thorpe, C. M., Kane, A. V., Chang, J. H., Tai, A., Vickers, R. J., & Snydman, D. R. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199810 · Cited by 56
Cost-effectiveness of Treatment Regimens for Clostridioides difficile Infection: An Evaluation of the 2018 Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines
Rajasingham, R., Enns, E. A., Khoruts, A., & Vaughn, B. P. (2019) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciz318 · Cited by 56
Antibiotic Prescribing Variability in a Large Urgent Care Network: A New Target for Outpatient Stewardship
Stenehjem, E. A., Wallin, A., Fleming-Dutra, K. E., Buckel, W. R., Stanfield, V. K., Brunisholz, K. D., Sorensen, J., Samore, M. H., Srivastava, R., Hicks, L. A., et al. (2019) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciz910 · Cited by 56
Impact of geography and surgical approach on recurrence in global pilonidal sinus disease
Doll, D., Orlik, A., Maier, K., Kauf, P., Schmid, M., Diekmann, M., Vogt, A. P., Stauffer, V. K., & Luedi, M. M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51159-z · Cited by 56
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on nosocomial Clostridioides difficile infection — ERRATUM
Alonso, M. P., de la Fuente, J. S., Carlavilla, Á. L. R., Moreno-Nuñez, P., Martínez-García, L., Escudero-Sánchez, R., Pintor, R., Fernández, S. G., & Cobo, J. (2020) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2020.1380 · Cited by 56
Impact on toxin production and cell morphology in Clostridium difficile by ridinilazole (SMT19969), a novel treatment for C. difficile infection
Bassères, E., Endres, B. T., Khaleduzzaman, M., Miraftabi, F., Alam, M. J., Vickers, R. J., & Garey, K. W. (2016) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkv498 · Cited by 55
The Use of Fecal Microbiome Transplant in Treating Human Diseases: Too Early for Poop?
Ser, H., Letchumanan, V., Goh, B. H., Wong, S. H., & Lee, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.519836 · Cited by 57
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Rao, K. K., & Higgins, P. (2016) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000793 · Cited by 56
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in the Elderly: Long-Term Outcomes and Microbiota Changes
Girotra, M., Garg, S., Anand, R., Song, Y., & Dutta, S. (2016) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-016-4229-8 · Cited by 56
Infection prevention and control of Clostridium difficile: a global review of guidelines, strategies, and recommendations
Balsells, E., Filipescu, T., Kyaw, M. H., Wiuff, C., Campbell, H., & Nair, H. (2016) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.06.020410 · Cited by 55
National age group trends in Clostridium difficile infection incidence and health outcomes in United States Community Hospitals
Pechal, A., Lin, K., Allen, S., & Reveles, K. R. (2016) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2027-8 · Cited by 59

Authors: Lessa, F. C., Mu, Y., Bamberg, W. M., Beldavs, Z. G., Dumyati, G. K., Dunn, J. R., Farley, M. M., Holzbauer, S. M., Meek, J. I., Phipps, E. C., Wilson, L. E., Winston, L. G., Cohen, J. A., Limbago, B. M., Fridkin, S. K., Gerding, D. N., & McDonald, L. C.
Affiliations: National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (US)
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (US)
Oregon Health Authority (US)
University of Rochester Medicine (US)
Tennessee Department of Health (US)
Emory University (US)
Office of Readiness and Response (US)
Yale University (US)
University of New Mexico (US)
Maryland Department of Health (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Loyola University Chicago (US)
ORCID: Lessa, Fernanda C.
Mu, Yi
Bamberg, Wendy M.
Dumyati, Ghinwa K.
Dunn, John R.
Farley, Monica M.
Holzbauer, Stacy M.
Meek, James I.
Phipps, Erin C.
Wilson, Lucy E.
Fridkin, Scott K.
Gerding, Dale N.
McDonald, L. Clifford
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2015-02-26
Volume: 372
Issue: 9
Pages: 825-834
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1408913
PMC: PMC10966662
OpenAlex: W2071054182
Cited by: 2,641
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 94 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 176 · 2021: 225 · 2020: 328 · 2019: 382 · 2018: 356 · 2017: 323 · 2016: 262 · 2015: 108
FWCI: 270.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park) (public-domain)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Keywords: Clostridium difficile infection, incidence, nosocomial infections, community-associated infections, recurrence, mortality, NAP1 strain, molecular typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Clostridium Infections, Cross Infection, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Recurrence, United States, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Incidence, Clostridioides difficile, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks