The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Clinical Trial of Progesterone for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Progesterone has been associated with robust positive effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and with clinical benefits in two phase 2 randomized, controlled trials. We investigated the efficacy and safety of progesterone in a large, prospective, phase 3 randomized clinical trial. METHODS: We conducted a multinational placebo-controlled trial, in which 1195 patients, 16 to 70 years of age, with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score, ≤8 [on a scale of 3 to 15, with lower scores indicating a reduced level of consciousness] and at least one reactive pupil) were randomly assigned to receive progesterone or placebo. Dosing began within 8 hours after injury and continued for 120 hours. The primary efficacy end point was the Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 6 months after the injury. RESULTS: Proportional-odds analysis with covariate adjustment showed no treatment effect of progesterone as compared with placebo (odds ratio, 0.96; confidence interval, 0.77 to 1.18). The proportion of patients with a favorable outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (good recovery or moderate disability) was 50.4% with progesterone, as compared with 50.5% with placebo. Mortality was similar in the two groups. No relevant safety differences were noted between progesterone and placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Primary and secondary efficacy analyses showed no clinical benefit of progesterone in patients with severe TBI. These data stand in contrast to the robust preclinical data and results of early single-center trials that provided the impetus to initiate phase 3 trials. (Funded by BHR Pharma; SYNAPSE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01143064.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Currently, no readily available treatment has proven to be effective for preventing or reversing the BBB damage after TBI in the clinical setting.”
From Increased miR-21-3p in Injured Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells after Traumatic Brain Injury Aggravates Blood–Brain Barrier Damage by Promoting Cellular Apoptosis and Inflammation through Targeting MAT2B (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Finally, the disappointing results of progesterone in Phase III clinical trials has called into question the importance of sex hormones in determining TBI outcome. 73,74”
From Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know (2019) · cites this paper as [73]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (U.S.). Division of Injury Response., Faul, M., Wald, M. M., Wu, L., & Coronado, V. G. (2010) · doi:10.15620/cdc.5571 · Cited by 3,494
Ghajar, J. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02689-1 · Cited by 2,244
Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults
Maas, A. I., Stocchetti, N., & Bullock, R. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70164-9 · Cited by 2,123
Self-citationChanging patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury
Roozenbeek, B., Maas, A. I. R., & Menon, D. K. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2013.22 · Cited by 1,405
Self-citationA new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography
Marshall, L. F., Marshall, S. B., Klauber, M. R., van Berkum-Clark, M., Eisenberg, H. M., Jane, J. A., Luerssen, T. G., Marmarou, A., & Foulkes, M. A. (1991) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/sup.1991.75.1s.0s14 · Cited by 1,327
Classification of traumatic brain injury for targeted therapies
Saatman, K. E., Duhaime, A.-C., Bullock, R., Maas, A. I. R., Valadka, A., & Manley, G. T. (2008) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0586 · Cited by 1,141
Self-citationClinical trials in head injury
Narayan, R. K., Michel, M. E., Ansell, B., Baethmann, A., Biegon, A., Bracken, M. B., Bullock, M. R., Choi, S. C., Clifton, G. L., Contant, C. F., et al. (2002) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771502753754037 · Cited by 913
Self-citationProTECT: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Wright, D. W., Kellermann, A. L., Hertzberg, V., Clark, P. L., Frankel, M., Goldstein, F. C., Salomone, J. P., Dent, L. L., Harris, O. A., Ander, D. S., et al. (2006) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.932 · Cited by 599
Very Early Administration of Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Wright, D. W., Yeatts, S. D., Silbergleit, R., Palesch, Y. Y., Hertzberg, V. S., Frankel, M., Goldstein, F. C., Caveney, A. F., Howlett-Smith, H., Bengelink, E. M., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1404304 · Cited by 567
Xiao, G., Wei, J., Yan, W., Wang, W., & Lu, Z. (2008) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc6887 · Cited by 463
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- He J, 2004, Restor Neurol Neurosci, 22, 19
- Morris GF, 1998, Neurosurgery, 43, 1369
- 10.1089/neu.2008.0794 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 509
Neuroprotective delivery platforms as an adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy
Babadjouni, R., Walcott, B. P., Liu, Q., Tenser, M. S., Amar, A. P., & Mack, W. J. (2017) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2017.1.focus16514 · Cited by 24
Significance of Cardiac Troponin I Elevation in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Rimaz, S., Ashraf, A., Marzban, S., Haghighi, M., Ziabari, S. M. Z., Biazar, G., Rimaz, S., & Omidi, S. (2019) · Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine · doi:10.5812/aapm.90858 · Cited by 24
Pittet, J., Hu, P. J., Honavar, J., Brandon, A. P., Evans, C. A., Muthalaly, R., Ding, Q., & Wagener, B. M. (2020) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7327 · Cited by 23
Bodien, Y. G., Busl, K. M., Chang, C. W. J., Claassen, J., Gaspard, N., Gosseries, O., Helbok, R., Massimini, M., Naccache, L., Newcombe, V., et al. (2025) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-025-08224-1 · Cited by 24
CRASH-3: a win for patients with traumatic brain injury
Cap, A. P. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32312-8 · Cited by 22
Sinha, S., Raheja, A., Samson, N., Goyal, K., Bhoi, S. K., Selvi, A., Sharma, P., & Sharma, B. (2017) · Neurology India · doi:10.4103/0028-3886.217973 · Cited by 22
Novak, C. M., Özen, M., McLane, M., Alqutub, S., Lee, J. Y., Lei, J., & Burd, I. D. (2018) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12842 · Cited by 22
The role of autoimmunity in pituitary dysfunction due to traumatic brain injury
Bellis, A. D., Bellastella, G., Maiorino, M. I., Costantino, A., Cirillo, P., Longo, M., Pernice, V., Bellastella, A., & Esposito, K. (2019) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-019-00953-z · Cited by 23
Sanuki, R., Tanaka, T., Suzuki, F., Ibaraki, K., & Takano, T. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.023 · Cited by 19
Renner, C. I. E. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm4091815 · Cited by 22
Progesterone for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lu, X., Sun, H., Li, Q., & Lu, P.-S. (2016) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.110 · Cited by 21
Turan, N., Miller, B. A., Huie, J. R., Heider, R. A., Wang, J., Wali, B., Yousuf, S., Ferguson, A. R., Sayeed, I., Stein, D. G., et al. (2017) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.118 · Cited by 21
Human Brain Neuropharmacology: A Platform for Translational Neuroscience
Dragunow, M. (2020) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2020.09.002 · Cited by 23
Feasibility of progesterone treatment for ischaemic stroke
Gibson, C. L., & Bath, P. M. (2015) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x15616782 · Cited by 20
Progesterone improves neurocognitive outcomes following therapeutic cranial irradiation in mice
Yousuf, S., Brat, D. J., Shu, H. G., Wang, Y., Stein, D. G., & Atif, F. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.08.004 · Cited by 20
Models of Traumatic Brain Injury in Aged Animals: A Clinical Perspective
Iboaya, A., Harris, J. L., Arickx, A., & Nudo, R. J. (2019) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968319883879 · Cited by 20
Kalimon, O. J., & Sullivan, P. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.753946 · Cited by 20
Yang, B., Wang, Z., Sheng, C., Wang, Y., Zhou, J., Xiong, X., & Peng, W. (2016) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1076-2 · Cited by 20
Low Tri-Iodothyronine Syndrome in Neurosurgical Patients: A Systematic Review of Literature
Bunevičius, A., Smith, T. R., & Laws, E. R. (2016) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.07.035 · Cited by 20
Disease-directed engineering for physiology-driven treatment interventions in neurological disorders
Wood, T. R., & Nance, E. A. (2019) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/1.5117299 · Cited by 21
Waggoner, L. E., Madias, M. I., Hurtado, A. A., & Kwon, E. J. (2021) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-021-00626-5 · Cited by 22
Progesterone effects on oligodendrocyte differentiation in injured spinal cord
Jure, I., Nicola, A. F. D., & Labombarda, F. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.005 · Cited by 21
Selvakumar, G. P., Ahmed, M. E., Iyer, S. S., Thangavel, R., Kempuraj, D., Raikwar, S. P., Bazley, K., Wu, K., Khan, A. C., Kukulka, K., et al. (2020) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en20017 · Cited by 18
Tsymbalyuk, O., Gerzanich, V., Simard, J. M., & Rathinam, C. V. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02609-5 · Cited by 19
The Use of Blood-Based Biomarkers to Improve the Design of Clinical Trials of Traumatic Brain Injury
Glushakova, O. Y., Glushakov, A. V., Mannix, R., Miller, E. R., Valadka, A. B., & Hayes, R. L. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804064-5.00008-4 · Cited by 19
Long, B., & Koyfman, A. (2017) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2017.08.007 · Cited by 19
How is the formation of microthrombi after traumatic brain injury linked to inflammation?
Albert-Weißenberger, C., Hopp, S., Nieswandt, B., Sirén, A., Kleinschnitz, C., & Stetter, C. (2018) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.011 · Cited by 19
Progesterone in Traumatic Brain Injury
Skolnick, B. E., Maas, A. I. R., & Narayan, R. K. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1503138 · Cited by 19
Self-citationФедотчева, Т. А., & Shimanovsky, N. L. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18070945 · Cited by 22
Huibregtse, M. E., Sweeney, S. H., Stephens, M. R., Cheng, H., Chen, Z., Block, H. J., Newman, S. D., & Kawata, K. (2022) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2022.0300 · Cited by 18
Traumatic Brain Injury, Sleep, and Melatonin—Intrinsic Changes with Therapeutic Potential
Bell, A., Hewins, B., Bishop, C., Fortin, A. H., Wang, J., Creamer, J. L., Collen, J. F., & Werner, J. K. (2023) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep5020016 · Cited by 19
Research progress on pleiotropic neuroprotective drugs for traumatic brain injury
Zhao, Q., Li, H., Li, H., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1185533 · Cited by 18
Zhou, Z., Li, Y., Peng, R., Shi, M., Gao, W., Lei, P., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000002013 · Cited by 18
Zeeshan, M., Hamidi, M., O’Keeffe, T., Bae, E. H., Hanna, K., Friese, R. S., Kulvatunyou, N., Zakaria, E. R., Gries, L. M., Tang, A. L., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000002484 · Cited by 18
Li, T., Yang, W., Wang, Y., Sun, T., Cao, H.-L., Chen, J., & Li, W. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146651 · Cited by 18
Komisarow, J. M., Toro, C., Curley, J. M., Mills, B. M., Cho, C., Simo, G. M., Vavilala, M. S., Laskowitz, D. T., James, M. L., Mathew, J. P., et al. (2021) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-021-01394-y · Cited by 18
Rosario, B. L., Horvat, C. M., Wisniewski, S. R., Bell, M. J., Panigrahy, A., Zuccoli, G., Narayanan, S., Balasubramani, G. K., Beers, S. R., & Adelson, P. D. (2018) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000001676 · Cited by 18
Contraceptive drugs mitigate experimental stroke-induced brain injury
Amki, M. E., Binder, N. F., Steffen, R., Schneider, H., Luft, A. R., Weller, M., Imthurn, B., Merki‐Feld, G. S., & Wegener, S. (2018) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvy248 · Cited by 19
Traumatic brain injury in pregnancy: A systematic review of epidemiology, management, and outcome
Fauzi, A. A., Apriawan, T., Ranuh, I. G. M. A. R., Christi, A. Y., Bajamal, A. H., Turchan, A., Subagio, E. A., Suroto, N. S., Santoso, B. I., Dachlan, E. G., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2022.12.007 · Cited by 17
Allitt, B. J., Johnstone, V., Dell, K. L., Yan, E. B., & Rajan, R. (2015) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.3946 · Cited by 17
Stanojlović, M., Stojanović, I. G., Grković, I., Zlatković, J., Mitrović, N., Kontić, M. Z., Horvat, A., & Drakulić, D. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.040 · Cited by 17
Khajavikhan, J. (2016) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/16390.7294 · Cited by 17
Wali, B., Sayeed, I., Guthrie, D. B., Natchus, M. G., Turan, N., Liotta, D. C., & Stein, D. G. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.017 · Cited by 17
Chen, S., Kumar, N., Mao, Z., Sitruk-Ware, R. L., & Brinton, R. D. (2018) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001135 · Cited by 17
Kumar, R. G., DiSanto, D., Awan, N., Vaughan, L. E., Levochkina, M. S., Weppner, J. L., Wright, D. W., Berga, S. L., Conley, Y. P., Brooks, M. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6577 · Cited by 17
Wettervik, T. S., Hånell, A., Howells, T. P., Enblad, P., & Lewén, A. (2022) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2022.0097 · Cited by 17
Gargiulo-Monachelli, G. M., Meyer, M., Lara, A., Garay, L. I., Lima, A. E., Roig, P., Nicola, A. F. D., & Deniselle, M. C. G. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105385 · Cited by 18
Reddy, D. S., Golub, V. M., Ramakrishnan, S., Churn, S. B., Shapiro, L. A., Iannucci, J., Pitkänen, A., Galanopoulou, A. S., Maganti, R. K., & Boison, D. (2025) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100080 · Cited by 18
Traumatic brain injury in pregnancy
Leach, M. R., & Zammit, C. G. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64240-0.00003-9 · Cited by 16
Mair, O. A., Greve, F., Lefering, R. L., Biberthaler, P., Hanschen, M., & the TraumaRegister, D. G. U. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.974519 · Cited by 16
Cause and Timing of Death and Subgroup Differential Effects of Erythropoietin in the EPO-TBI Study
Skrifvars, M. B., French, C., Bailey, M., Presneill, J., Nichol, A., Little, L., Durantea, J., Huet, O., Haddad, S. H., Arabi, Y. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5135 · Cited by 16
Resilience to Injury: A New Approach to Neuroprotection?
Singhal, N. S., Sun, C.-H. J., Lee, E. M., & Ma, D. K. (2020) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-020-00832-7 · Cited by 16
Drug Repurposing in Neurological Disorders: Implications for Neurotherapy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Shakkour, Z., Habashy, K. J., Berro, M., Takkoush, S., Abdelhady, S., Koleilat, N., Eid, A. H., Zibara, K., Obeid, M., Shear, D., et al. (2020) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420961078 · Cited by 16
Atif, F., Yousuf, S., & Stein, D. G. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.052 · Cited by 16
Challenges Enrolling Children Into Traumatic Brain Injury Trials: An Observational Study
Stanley, R., Johnson, M. D., Vance, C., Bajaj, L., Babcock, L., Atabaki, S., Thomas, D. G., Simon, H., Cohen, D., Rubacalva, D., et al. (2017) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13085 · Cited by 16
Carmo, G. P., Grigioni, J., Fernandes, F. A. O., & de Sousa, R. J. A. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12010083 · Cited by 16
Neurosteroid Receptor Modulators for Treating Traumatic Brain Injury
Verdoorn, T. A., Parry, T. J., Pinna, G., & Lifshitz, J. (2023) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-023-01428-7 · Cited by 15
Stekovic, S., Ruckenstuhl, C., Royer, P., Winkler-Hermaden, C., Carmona‐Gutiérrez, D., Fröhlich, K., Kroemer, G., & Madeo, F. (2017) · Microbial Cell · doi:10.15698/mic2017.06.577 · Cited by 15
Development of a novel progesterone analog in the treatment of traumatic brain injury
Sayeed, I., Wali, B., Guthrie, D. B., Saindane, M., Natchus, M. G., Liotta, D. C., & Stein, D. G. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.013 · Cited by 15
Traumatic brain injury and frontal lobe plasticity
Bernier, R. A., & Hillary, F. G. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804281-6.00022-7 · Cited by 17
Negah, S. S., Shirzad, M. M., Biglari, G., Naseri, F., Ravandi, H. H., Dooghabadi, A. H., & Gorji, A. (2020) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-020-03247-0 · Cited by 15
Karlsson, M., Yang, Z.-H., Chawla, S., Delso, N., Pukenas, B., Elmér, E., Hugerth, M., Margulies, S., Ehinger, J. K., Hansson, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7317 · Cited by 14
Recent advances in theranostic nanomaterials for overcoming traumatic brain injury
Hwang, N. C., Lim, D. M., Goh, T. S., Kang, J. M., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, Y. H., & Kim, D. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03685-4 · Cited by 14
Piezo2 Contributes to Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating the RhoA/ROCK1 Pathways
Xiao, Y., Zhang, Y., Yuan, W., Wang, C., Ge, Y., Huang, T., & Gao, J. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04058-y · Cited by 16
Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative drugs after severe traumatic brain injury
Grgac, I., Herzer, G., Voelckel, W. G., Secades, J., & Trimmel, H. (2024) · Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-024-02367-9 · Cited by 13
N-acetylcysteine reduces brain injury after delayed hypoxemia following traumatic brain injury
Celorrio, M., Rhodes, J., Vadivelu, S., Davies, M., & Friess, S. H. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113507 · Cited by 13
Mowbray, M., Banbury, C., Rickard, J. J. S., Davies, D. J., & Oppenheimer, P. G. (2021) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01156 · Cited by 14
Fritzemeier, R. G., van der Westhuyzen, A. E., D’Erasmo, M. P., Sharma, S. K., Bartsch, P. W., Hodson, L. E., Liu, K., Wali, B., Sayeed, I., & Liotta, D. C. (2023) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01484 · Cited by 14
Postoperative care of the neurosurgical patient
Siegemund, M., & Steiner, L. A. (2015) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000000229 · Cited by 14
Shahrokhi, N., Soltani, Z., Khaksari, M., Karamouzian, S., Mofid, B., & Asadikaram, G. (2016) · Archives of Trauma Research · doi:10.5812/atr.37005 · Cited by 14
Stein, D. G., Howard, R. B., & Sayeed, I. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802686-1.00001-8 · Cited by 14
Kawarai, Y., Tanaka, H., Kobayashi, T., & Shozu, M. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00148 · Cited by 13
Abcc8 (Sulfonylurea Receptor-1) Impact on Brain Atrophy after Traumatic Brain Injury Varies by Sex
Tata, S., Zusman, B. E., Kochanek, P. M., Gerzanich, V., Kwon, M. S., Woo, S. K., Clark, R. S. B., Janesko‐Feldman, K. L., Vagni, V., Simard, J. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2021.0105 · Cited by 13
Progesterone: A Neuroprotective Steroid of the Intestine
Stegemann, L. N., Neufeld, P. M., Hecking, I., Vorgerd, M., Matschke, V., Stahlke, S., & Theiß, C. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12081206 · Cited by 12
Horvat, C. M., & Kochanek, P. M. (2017) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2390 · Cited by 13
Impact of progesterone administration on outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Abouelela, A., Aboukhabar, H., & Shaban, S. (2017) · Research and Opinion in Anesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.4103/roaic.roaic_106_16 · Cited by 13
Maslonka, M. A., Sheehan, K. N., Datar, S. V., Vachharajani, V., & Namen, A. M. (2022) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.14423/smj.0000000000001457 · Cited by 13
No benefit of progesterone therapy in patients with TBI
Chase, A. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.258 · Cited by 12
Biclustering Models for Two-Mode Ordinal Data
Matechou, E., Liu, I., Fernández, D., Farias, M., & Gjelsvik, B. (2016) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/s11336-016-9503-3 · Cited by 12
Inampudi, C., Ciccotosto, G. D., Cappai, R., & Crack, P. J. (2020) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6955 · Cited by 12
Li, Z., Wu, X., Wu, X., Yu, J., Yuan, Q., Du, Z., & Hu, J. (2018) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2018.1429023 · Cited by 12
High-Impact RCTs without Prospective Informed Consent: A Systematic Review
Dhamanaskar, R., & Merz, J. F. (2020) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2020-001481 · Cited by 14
Häni, L., Ropelato, M. D., Wagner, F., Nowacki, A., Söll, N., Hænggi, M., Raabe, A., & Z'Graggen, W. J. (2020) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-020-01171-3 · Cited by 12
Rakholia, M. V., Kumar, R. G., Oh, B., Ranganathan, P. R., Berga, S., Kochanek, P., & Wagner, A. (2018) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2018.5782 · Cited by 13
Karakaya, E., Oleinik, N. V., Edwards, J. M., Tomberlin, J., Barker, R. B., Berber, B., Ericsson, M., Alsudani, H., Ergul, A., Beyaz, S., et al. (2024) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae018 · Cited by 13
Sex Differences in In-hospital Complications Among Older Adults After Traumatic Brain Injury
Adediran, T. Y., Drumheller, B. C., McCunn, M., Stein, D. M., & Albrecht, J. S. (2019) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2019.05.053 · Cited by 11
Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury
Jain, K. K. (2019) · Springer protocols handbooks/Springer protocols · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9465-6_4 · Cited by 13
Nasre‐Nasser, R. G., Severo, M. M. R., Pires, G. N., Hort, M. A., & Arbo, B. D. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02970-9 · Cited by 11
Zheng, C., Gong, J. P., Zang, L., Song, D., Ran, X., Li, J., Jiang, B., Xu, J., & Wu, Q. (2022) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.937564 · Cited by 12
The ebb and flow of traumatic brain injury research
Grafman, J. H., & Salazar, A. Μ. (2015) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63521-1.00049-2 · Cited by 11
Citicoline for traumatic brain injury: a systematic review & meta-analysis
Meshkini, A., Meshkini, M., & Sadeghi‐Bazargani, H. (2016) · Journal of Injury and Violence Research · doi:10.5249/jivr.v9i1.843 · Cited by 11
Abou‐El‐Hassan, H., Yahya, T., Zusman, B. E., Albastaki, O., Imkamp, H. T., Ye, J. J., Percopo, F., Christenson, J. R., Mansi, M. H. A., Lu, K.-J., et al. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09138-w · Cited by 15
CGRP as a potential mediator for the sexually dimorphic responses to traumatic brain injury
Li, C., Ajmal, E., Alok, K., Powell, K., Wadolowski, S., Tambo, W., Turpin, J., Barthélemy, E. J., Al‐Abed, Y., & LeDoux, D. (2024) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-024-00619-x · Cited by 12
Stein, D. G. (2016) · Future Neurology · doi:10.2217/fnl.15.49 · Cited by 10
The effect of age and sex on outcomes following isolated moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
Hong, Z., Firek, M., Zachary, B., Mörs, K., Schindler, C. R., Marzi, İ., Yu, J., & Coimbra, R. S. M. (2020) · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00068-020-01491-1 · Cited by 10
Neuroprotection After Traumatic Brain Injury
Watzlawick, R., Howells, D. W., & Schwab, J. M. (2015) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.3627 · Cited by 10
Wang, Z., Shi, L., Ding, W., Shao, F., Yu, J., & Zhang, J. (2015) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-015-9614-3 · Cited by 10
Wagner, A. K., Franzese, K., Weppner, J. L., Kwasnica, C. M., Galang, G., Edinger, J. M., & Linsenmeyer, M. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-62539-5.00043-6 · Cited by 12
Chapter 5 – Traumatic Brain Injury
Chakraborty, S., Skolnick, B., Alves, W., Marshall, L., & Narayan, R. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804064-5.00005-9 · Cited by 5
Self-citationReprograming Clots for In Vivo Chemical Targeting in Traumatic Brain Injury
Kandell, R. M., Wu, J. R., & Kwon, E. J. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202301738 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Skolnick, B. E., Maas, A. I., Narayan, R. K., van der Hoop, R. G., MacAllister, T., Ward, J. D., Nelson, N. R., & Stocchetti, N.
- Affiliations
- Hofstra University (US)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2014-12-25
- Volume
- 371
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 2467-2476
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2046037876
- Cited by
- 505
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 37.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Keywords
- progesterone, severe traumatic brain injury, Glasgow Outcome Scale, treatment efficacy, drug safety, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain Injuries, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Progesterone, Glasgow Coma Scale, Odds Ratio, Treatment Failure, Glasgow Outcome Scale, Young Adult, Intention to Treat Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
