The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Clinical Trial of Progesterone for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Progesterone has been associated with robust positive effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and with clinical benefits in two phase 2 randomized, controlled trials. We investigated the efficacy and safety of progesterone in a large, prospective, phase 3 randomized clinical trial. METHODS: We conducted a multinational placebo-controlled trial, in which 1195 patients, 16 to 70 years of age, with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score, ≤8 [on a scale of 3 to 15, with lower scores indicating a reduced level of consciousness] and at least one reactive pupil) were randomly assigned to receive progesterone or placebo. Dosing began within 8 hours after injury and continued for 120 hours. The primary efficacy end point was the Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 6 months after the injury. RESULTS: Proportional-odds analysis with covariate adjustment showed no treatment effect of progesterone as compared with placebo (odds ratio, 0.96; confidence interval, 0.77 to 1.18). The proportion of patients with a favorable outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (good recovery or moderate disability) was 50.4% with progesterone, as compared with 50.5% with placebo. Mortality was similar in the two groups. No relevant safety differences were noted between progesterone and placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Primary and secondary efficacy analyses showed no clinical benefit of progesterone in patients with severe TBI. These data stand in contrast to the robust preclinical data and results of early single-center trials that provided the impetus to initiate phase 3 trials. (Funded by BHR Pharma; SYNAPSE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01143064.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Currently, no readily available treatment has proven to be effective for preventing or reversing the BBB damage after TBI in the clinical setting.”
From Increased miR-21-3p in Injured Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells after Traumatic Brain Injury Aggravates Blood–Brain Barrier Damage by Promoting Cellular Apoptosis and Inflammation through Targeting MAT2B (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Finally, the disappointing results of progesterone in Phase III clinical trials has called into question the importance of sex hormones in determining TBI outcome. 73,74”
From Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know (2019) · cites this paper as [73]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (U.S.). Division of Injury Response., Faul, M., Wald, M. M., Wu, L., & Coronado, V. G. (2010) · doi:10.15620/cdc.5571 · Cited by 3,494
Ghajar, J. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02689-1 · Cited by 2,244
Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults
Maas, A. I., Stocchetti, N., & Bullock, R. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70164-9 · Cited by 2,123
Self-citationChanging patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury
Roozenbeek, B., Maas, A. I. R., & Menon, D. K. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2013.22 · Cited by 1,405
Self-citationA new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography
Marshall, L. F., Marshall, S. B., Klauber, M. R., van Berkum-Clark, M., Eisenberg, H. M., Jane, J. A., Luerssen, T. G., Marmarou, A., & Foulkes, M. A. (1991) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/sup.1991.75.1s.0s14 · Cited by 1,327
Classification of traumatic brain injury for targeted therapies
Saatman, K. E., Duhaime, A.-C., Bullock, R., Maas, A. I. R., Valadka, A., & Manley, G. T. (2008) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0586 · Cited by 1,141
Self-citationClinical trials in head injury
Narayan, R. K., Michel, M. E., Ansell, B., Baethmann, A., Biegon, A., Bracken, M. B., Bullock, M. R., Choi, S. C., Clifton, G. L., Contant, C. F., et al. (2002) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771502753754037 · Cited by 913
Self-citationProTECT: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Wright, D. W., Kellermann, A. L., Hertzberg, V., Clark, P. L., Frankel, M., Goldstein, F. C., Salomone, J. P., Dent, L. L., Harris, O. A., Ander, D. S., et al. (2006) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.932 · Cited by 599
Very Early Administration of Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Wright, D. W., Yeatts, S. D., Silbergleit, R., Palesch, Y. Y., Hertzberg, V. S., Frankel, M., Goldstein, F. C., Caveney, A. F., Howlett-Smith, H., Bengelink, E. M., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1404304 · Cited by 567
Xiao, G., Wei, J., Yan, W., Wang, W., & Lu, Z. (2008) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc6887 · Cited by 463
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- He J, 2004, Restor Neurol Neurosci, 22, 19
- Morris GF, 1998, Neurosurgery, 43, 1369
- 10.1089/neu.2008.0794 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 509
Madias, M. I., Stessman, L. N., Warlof, S. J., Kudryashev, J. A., & Kwon, E. J. (2024) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c06052 · Cited by 9
Complications After Maternal Traumatic Brain Injury During Pregnancy
Heller, C., Kraft, M. Z., Martinez, M., Mirmajlesi, A. S., Janecka, M., McCormack, C. A., Thomason, M. E., Weiß, T., & Arciniega, H. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.59877 · Cited by 9
Cheng, S. Y., Yeung, W. L. R., Zhang, P. D., Li, N., Kiang, M. Y. K., & Leung, G. (2019) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.113 · Cited by 9
Fesharaki‐Zadeh, A. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11123158 · Cited by 8
Abdoli, A., Rahimi‐Bashar, F., Torabian, S., Sohrabi, S., & Makarchian, H. R. (2019) · Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma · doi:10.29252/beat-070206 · Cited by 9
Moradiya, Y., & Geocadin, R. G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43341-7_40 · Cited by 9
Integrative intervention: a new perspective and brief review in aphasia
Marshall, R. S., & Mohapatra, B. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1212283 · Cited by 11
Montes, P., Ortíz-Islas, E., Rodríguez-Pérez, C. E., Ruiz-Sánchez, E., Silva‐Adaya, D., Pichardo-Rojas, P. S., & Campos‐Peña, V. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15122697 · Cited by 8
Ranganathan, P. R., Kumar, R. G., Oh, B., Rakholia, M. V., Berga, S. L., & Wagner, A. K. (2018) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2018.5677 · Cited by 8
Li, M., Huo, X., Wang, Y., Li, W., Xiao, L., Jiang, Z.-F., Han, Q., Su, D., Chen, T., & Xia, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1021653 · Cited by 8
It might be time to let cooler heads prevail after mild traumatic brain injury or concussion
Kochanek, P. M., & Jackson, T. C. (2015) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.019 · Cited by 8
Will We Ever Make Headway in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment Trials?
Murray, N. M., Threlkeld, Z. D., & Hirsch, K. G. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4672 · Cited by 8
Wilson, B. A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.05162-2 · Cited by 8
Commentary: La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris: the Historic Cradle of Neurosurgery
Mathon, B., Amelot, A., Clémenceau, S., Carpentier, A. C., & Boch, A. (2018) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/neuros/nyy115 · Cited by 8
Hormone Therapy in Trauma Patients
Asehnoune, K., Vourc’h, M., & Roquilly, A. (2019) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2018.11.009 · Cited by 7
Trends in demographics and outcome of patients presenting with traumatic brain injury
Kadar, R. B., Rochford, D., Omi, E., Thomas, Y. M., Patel, K., & Kulstad, E. B. (2019) · Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine · doi:10.15441/ceem.18.010 · Cited by 7
Effects of Sex Steroids on Damaged Neural Systems
Stein, D. G. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00110-3 · Cited by 7
Batson, C., Gomez, A., Sainbhi, A. S., Froese, L., & Zeiler, F. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.676154 · Cited by 7
Walter, J., Kovalenko, O., Younsi, A., Grutza, M., Unterberg, A. W., & Zweckberger, K. (2022) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2021.0497 · Cited by 7
Furlan, J. C., Shen, T., & Kurban, D. (2022) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2022.09.006 · Cited by 7
Wang, X.-H., Liu, Q., & Shao, Z. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.055 · Cited by 5
Herzer, G., Illievich, U. M., Voelckel, W., & Trimmel, H. (2016) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-016-1027-4 · Cited by 6
Translational Aspects in Drug Discovery
Detalle, L., Vanheusden, K., Sargentini-Maier, M.-L., & Stöhr, T. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.12335-2 · Cited by 6
Lee, M.-T., McNicholas, R., Miall, L. S., Simpson, N., Goss, K. C. W., Robertson, N. J., & Chumas, P. (2022) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000521540 · Cited by 6
The ultra-acute steroid response to traumatic injury: a cohort study
Bentley, C., Hazeldine, J., Bravo, L., TAYLOR, A. E. R., Gilligan, L. C., Shaheen, F., Acharjee, A., Gkoutos, G. V., Foster, M., Arlt, W., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad024 · Cited by 7
Deane, A. M., Hodgson, C. L., Young, P. J., Little, L., Singh, V., Poole, A. P., Young, M., Mackle, D., Lange, K. M., Williams, P. J., et al. (2017) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x1704500411 · Cited by 6
Intranasal delivery systems for traumatic brain injury: Advancements and perspectives
Yoo, S. H., Heo, S. C., Bae, J. S., Lee, J. H., Knowles, J. C., & Kim, H. (2025) · Journal of Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1177/20417314251372373 · Cited by 5
Cinotti, R., Derouin, Y., Chenet, A., Oujamaa, L., Glize, B., Launey, Y., Dahyot‐Fizelier, C., Cartron, E., Renvoisé, M., Sautenet, B., et al. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/54525 · Cited by 5
Félix, J., Araújo, L., Henriques, A., Pereira, A., & Carneiro, S. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1444623 · Cited by 5
Wu, J. R., Canjels, A., Miyauchi, R., & Kwon, E. J. (2025) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5c00175 · Cited by 6
Walter, J., Mende, J., Hutagalung, S., Alhalabi, O., Grutza, M., Zheng, G., Skutella, T., Unterberg, A. W., Zweckberger, K., & Younsi, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241612756 · Cited by 5
Wali, B., Stein, D. G., & Sayeed, I. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4845 · Cited by 5
Intensivtherapie des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas beim Mehrfachverletzten
Trimmel, H., Herzer, G., Schöchl, H., & Voelckel, W. (2017) · Der Unfallchirurg · doi:10.1007/s00113-017-0344-z · Cited by 5
DelSignore, L. A., & Tasker, R. C. (2017) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2017.1380520 · Cited by 6
Biostatistical Issues in TBI Clinical Trials
Yeatts, S. D., Palesch, Y. Y., & Temkin, N. R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804064-5.00009-6 · Cited by 5
Niemeier, J. P. (2019) · Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40141-019-00238-3 · Cited by 5
Phasic stimulation in the nucleus accumbens enhances learning after traumatic brain injury
Aronson, J. P., Katnani, H. A., Huguenard, A. L., Mulvaney, G. G., Bader, E. R., Yang, J. C., & Eskandar, E. N. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex Communications · doi:10.1093/texcom/tgac016 · Cited by 5
Non-mammalian Animal Models Offer New Perspectives on the Treatment of TBI
Ganetzky, B., & Wassarman, D. (2016) · Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40141-016-0107-8 · Cited by 3
Update in Pediatric Neurotrauma
Murphy, S. A., & Duhaime, A. (2016) · Current Trauma Reports · doi:10.1007/s40719-016-0065-8 · Cited by 5
Nanoengineered biomaterial for brain tissue reconstruction and functional repairment
Wong, F. S.-Y., Tsang, K. K., & Lo, A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813355-2.00007-7 · Cited by 5
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Traumatic Injury in the Adult and Immature Brain
Valero-Hernandez, E., Tremoleda, J. L., & Michael-Titus, A. T. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16234175 · Cited by 5
Zhang, H., Han, J., Yan, C., Mao, J., Yan, H., & Jin, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1680790 · Cited by 4
Kalimon, O. J., Vekaria, H. J., Prajapati, P., Short, S. L., Hubbard, W. B., & Sullivan, P. G. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14080961 · Cited by 5
Huang, J., Peng, Y., Wang, X., Gu, X., Yao, Y., Wang, W., He, Z., Ma, Z., Feng, Q., Qi, W., et al. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-03016-z · Cited by 5
Chronic Inflammation After TBI and Associated Behavioral Sequelae
Skendelas, J. P., Muccigrosso, M. M., Eiferman, D. S., & Godbout, J. P. (2015) · Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40141-015-0091-4 · Cited by 5
Zhang, J., Wang, H., Li, Y., Zhang, H., & Dong, L. (2020) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106131 · Cited by 4
Ganesh, S., Rajagopal, R., Nair, S., & Joseph, M. (2022) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.019 · Cited by 4
Use of Guidelines in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Eli, I. M., Joyce, E. J., & Hawryluk, G. W. J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89477-5_17 · Cited by 4
Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Wiles, M. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139683661.011 · Cited by 4
Mazlan, M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47904-2.00043-x · Cited by 4
Rotamer-Controlled Self-Immolative Linkers Enable Tunable Release of Neurosteroid Oxime Prodrugs
van der Westhuyzen, A. E., Hodson, L. E., Pashikanti, G., Fritzemeier, R. G., Yeung, S. B., Mancia, A., Lian, D. R., Tholath, P. J., Paez, A. C., Chavan, L. N., et al. (2025) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00452 · Cited by 3
Elkinbard, I. S., Ritterbusch, D., Shandra, O. O., & Rowe, R. K. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1672744 · Cited by 3
The importance of ovary-immune interactions in the context of age and disease
Zardeneta, M. E., Pickle, K. A., & Sohrabji, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2026.101234 · Cited by 3
Aiyede, M., Lim, X. Y., Russell, A., Patel, R. P., Gueven, N., Howells, D. W., & Bye, N. (2022) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2022.0020 · Cited by 3
Lim-Hing, K., & Chang, W.-T. W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26710-0_42 · Cited by 3
Ginsberg, Y., Gutzeit, O., Hadad, S., Divon, M. Y., Khatib, N., Fainaru, O., Weiner, Z., & Beloosesky, R. (2020) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-020-00272-w · Cited by 3
Siahposht-Khachaki, A., Bazgir, R., Akbari, E., & Farzin, D. (2021) · Archives of Trauma Research · doi:10.4103/atr.atr_106_19 · Cited by 3
Neurosteroids and Translocator Protein (TSPO) in neuroinflammation
Angeloni, E., Germelli, L., Costa, B., Martini, C., & Pozzo, E. D. (2024) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105916 · Cited by 5
Payen, J., Vilotitch, A., Gauss, T., Adolle, A., Bosson, J., Bouzat, P., & collaborators, T. O.-T. T. (2025) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0390 · Cited by 3
Guang, C., Yue, Z. D., Liwen, W., Miyauchi, Y., Suzawa, M., Li, S., Chi-Tang, H., Zhao, H., & Chen, N. (2020) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2020.04.012 · Cited by 3
Mahyudanil, M., Bajamal, A. H., Sembiring, R. J., & Dharmajaya, R. (2020) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.3974 · Cited by 3
Schurman, L. D., Smith, T. L., Donvito, G., Cravatt, B. F., Newton, J. C., Spiegel, S., Reeves, T. M., Phillips, L. L., & Lichtman, A. H. (2021) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2020.0175 · Cited by 3
Elcivan, M., Kowark, A., Coburn, M., Hamou, H. A., Kremer, B., Clusmann, H., & Höllig, A. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11111504 · Cited by 3
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
Eshel, I., & Marion, D. W. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22436-3_21 · Cited by 3
Ng, Y., Qi, W., Covington, A. C., Boone, B., Kuhn, C. M., Nixon, A. B., King, N. K. K., Kranz, P. G., Christianson, T. J., Thakkar, R., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178334 · Cited by 2
Alwisi, N., Aqel, S., Naeim, J., Al-Hashimi, D., Hayek, S. E., Kobeissy, F. H., & Shaito, A. A. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s557140 · Cited by 2
Neuroglia in traumatic brain injury: Pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting
Suk, K. (2026) · Brain Network Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.bnd.2026.03.002 · Cited by 2
A Narrative Review on Translational Research in Acute Brain Injury
Mahajan, C., Kapoor, I., & Prabhakar, H. (2022) · Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1744399 · Cited by 2
Wang, X., Li, X., Ma, L., Chen, H., & You, C. (2023) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-023-06600-7 · Cited by 3
Alrasheed, A. S., Alqadhibi, M. A., Khoja, R. H., Alayyaf, A. S., Alhumoudi, D. S., Aldawlan, M. I., Alghanmi, B. O., Almutairi, F. S., Bin-Mahfooz, M. A., Altalhi, L. A., et al. (2024) · Surgical Neurology International · doi:10.25259/sni_502_2024 · Cited by 2
Pinto‐Benito, D., Bautista-Abad, Á., Lagunas, N., Ontiveros, N., Ganchala, D., García‐Segura, L. M., Arévalo, M., & Grassi, D. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167532 · Cited by 2
Inorganic nitrate attenuates neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via Sialin
Liu, Z., Hu, L., Wang, Q., Zhao, X., Liu, W., Zhang, B., Pan, W., Song, W., Chen, X., Zhang, C., et al. (2025) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2025.102955 · Cited by 2
(2015) · RNA & DISEASE · doi:10.14800/rd.642 · Cited by 2
Neurocritical Patient Characteristics Related to Brain Death
Bacqué, M. C., Barone, M. E., Yankowski, A., Antik, A., Trunzo, L., Fioretti, S., & Penone, P. (2018) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.11.074 · Cited by 2
The Future of Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury
Hersh, D. S., Ansel, B. M., & Eisenberg, H. M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89477-5_19 · Cited by 2
Functional Neurosurgery for Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury
Carlton, W. R. Y., & Murad, G. J. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89477-5_18 · Cited by 2
Use of Neuroprotective agents for Traumatic Brain Injury
Meshkini, M., Meshkini, A., & Sadeghi‐Bazargani, H. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.85720 · Cited by 2
PET and SPECT Imaging of Steroid Hormone Receptors in the Brain
Moraga‐Amaro, R., Doorduin, J., Dierckx, R., & de Vries, E. F. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53176-8_14 · Cited by 2
Sex Differences in Behavioral Responses to Repeat Subconcussive Events
Wilson, R. J. (2019) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University) · Cited by 2
Moslehi, A., Yadollahi, F., Dehkordi, A. H., Kabiri, M., & Salehitali, S. (2021) · Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1515/jcim-2020-0195 · Cited by 2
A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery
Gao, Z., Lei, G., Pang, Z., Chen, Y., Zhu, S., Huang, K., Lin, W., Shen, Y., & Xu, W. (2021) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/63051 · Cited by 2
Schwere Bewusstseinsstörungen in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation
Bender, A. (2016) · Neurologie & Rehabilitation · doi:10.14624/nr150816.003 · Cited by 2
Niemeier, J. P., Perrin, P. B., Hurst, B. S., Foureau, D., Huynh, T. T., Evans, S. L., Silverman, J. E., McClannahan, M. E., Brusch, B. D., Newman, M. A., et al. (2019) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2019/7694503 · Cited by 2
Neuroprotection for Traumatic Brain Injury
Ratcliff, J. J., & Wright, D. W. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0008 · Cited by 3
Guennoun, R., Sayeed, I., & Stein, D. G. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1771389 · Cited by 2
Weaver, J., Cogan, A. M., Pertsovskaya, V., Bhandari, P., Awan, B.-E., Lewis, S., Hartman, A., Maisano, K., Harrod, T., Pape, T., et al. (2025) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.07.021 · Cited by 1
Trauma craneoencefálico en paciente obstétrica: desafíos y estrategias de manejo
Mora-Arteaga, J. A., Reyes, D. C., González, D. S., & Tobar, I. R. (2025) · Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología · doi:10.18597/rcog.4358 · Cited by 1
Activation of AMPK/OPA1 pathway alleviates traumatic brain damage by regulating mitophagy
Wei, H., Liao, J., Gao, W., & He, X. (2025) · Acta Cirurgica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/acb406925 · Cited by 1
Choudhury, S. P., Majumdar, A. D., Mahon, R., Dutta, S. K., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09160-7 · Cited by 1
Hu, Y., Cheng, Y.-Y., Lan, C.-C., Su, Y.-H., & Sung, S. (2025) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/80072 · Cited by 3
Pre-Clinical Models of Traumatic Brain Injury—A Narrative Review Towards “Animal Neuro-ICUs”
Münz, F., Hoffmann, A., Gröger, M., Sharon, O., Scheer, M., Kress, S., Feth, M., Radermacher, P., & Kapapa, T. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14030688 · Cited by 1
Opene, B. N., Zynda, A. J., Snook, M. L., Zeleznik, A. J., Walker, W. H., Elbin, R. J., Anto‐Ocrah, M., Kontos, A. P., & Rios, J. M. (2026) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1177/08977151261433818 · Cited by 1
Yadav, R., Banerjee, D., & Dutta, N. (2026) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery : the official publication of the Egyptian Society of Neurological Surgeons/Egyptian journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41984-026-00569-z · Cited by 1
Screening of biomarkers and machine learning prediction in traumatic brain injury
Qianqian, C., Yin, Y., Song, Y., Li, J. M., Xu, G., Zheng, Z., Wang, X., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, L., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1847549 · Cited by 1
Roles and therapeutic prospects of the laminin family in disorders of the nervous system
Zhang, X., Li, X., Gao, L., Qiao, Y., Lv, B., Zhang, Q. D., Zhang, M., Yu, J., Li, H., Bi, H., et al. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-08410-9 · Cited by 2
Nynatten, L. R. V., Tweddell, D., Daley, M., Cepinskas, G., Basmaji, J., Slessarev, M., & Fraser, D. D. (2026) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-026-02287-6 · Cited by 1
Perioperative Management of Adult Patients with Severe Head Injury
Low, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74766-8_62 · Cited by 1
Molecular aspects of regeneration and neuroprotection in neurotraumatic diseases
Farooqui, A. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821711-5.00006-1 · Cited by 1
Potential Neuroprotective Strategies for Traumatic Brain Injury
Farooqui, A. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813596-9.00007-9 · Cited by 1
Locating Failure, Interrogating Method
Kenzie, D. (2023) · Rhetoric of Health & Medicine · doi:10.5744/rhm.2023.3002 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Skolnick, B. E., Maas, A. I., Narayan, R. K., van der Hoop, R. G., MacAllister, T., Ward, J. D., Nelson, N. R., & Stocchetti, N.
- Affiliations
- Hofstra University (US)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2014-12-25
- Volume
- 371
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 2467-2476
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2046037876
- Cited by
- 505
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 37.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Keywords
- progesterone, severe traumatic brain injury, Glasgow Outcome Scale, treatment efficacy, drug safety, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain Injuries, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Progesterone, Glasgow Coma Scale, Odds Ratio, Treatment Failure, Glasgow Outcome Scale, Young Adult, Intention to Treat Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
