Cited by 9,377Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersGenetic factors in colorectal cancerColorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

PD-1 Blockade in Tumors with Mismatch-Repair Deficiency

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Somatic mutations have the potential to encode "non-self" immunogenic antigens. We hypothesized that tumors with a large number of somatic mutations due to mismatch-repair defects may be susceptible to immune checkpoint blockade. METHODS: We conducted a phase 2 study to evaluate the clinical activity of pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed death 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, in 41 patients with progressive metastatic carcinoma with or without mismatch-repair deficiency. Pembrolizumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight every 14 days in patients with mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers, patients with mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancers, and patients with mismatch repair-deficient cancers that were not colorectal. The coprimary end points were the immune-related objective response rate and the 20-week immune-related progression-free survival rate. RESULTS: The immune-related objective response rate and immune-related progression-free survival rate were 40% (4 of 10 patients) and 78% (7 of 9 patients), respectively, for mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers and 0% (0 of 18 patients) and 11% (2 of 18 patients) for mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancers. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were not reached in the cohort with mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer but were 2.2 and 5.0 months, respectively, in the cohort with mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancer (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.10 [P<0.001], and hazard ratio for death, 0.22 [P=0.05]). Patients with mismatch repair-deficient noncolorectal cancer had responses similar to those of patients with mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer (immune-related objective response rate, 71% [5 of 7 patients]; immune-related progression-free survival rate, 67% [4 of 6 patients]). Whole-exome sequencing revealed a mean of 1782 somatic mutations per tumor in mismatch repair-deficient tumors, as compared with 73 in mismatch repair-proficient tumors (P=0.007), and high somatic mutation loads were associated with prolonged progression-free survival (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that mismatch-repair status predicted clinical benefit of immune checkpoint blockade with pembrolizumab. (Funded by Johns Hopkins University and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01876511.).

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  1. Eshleman JR, 1995, Oncogene, 10, 33
  2. Meltzer SJ, 1994, Cancer Res, 54, 3379
  3. Nakata B, 2002, Clin Cancer Res, 8, 2536
  4. Kim H, 1994, Am J Pathol, 145, 148

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Metadata

Authors
Le, D. T., Uram, J. N., Wang, H., Bartlett, B. R., Kemberling, H., Eyring, A. D., Skora, A. D., Luber, B. S., Azad, N. S., Laheru, D., Biedrzycki, B., Donehower, R. C., Zaheer, A., Fisher, G. A., Crocenzi, T. S., Lee, J. J., Duffy, S. M., Goldberg, R. M., de la Chapelle, A., Koshiji, M., Bhaijee, F., Huebner, T., Hruban, R. H., Wood, L. D., Cuka, N., Pardoll, D. M., Papadopoulos, N., Kinzler, K. W., Zhou, S., Cornish, T. C., Taube, J. M., Anders, R. A., Eshleman, J. R., Vogelstein, B., & Diaz, L. A.
Affiliations
  • Swim Across America (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Providence Portland Medical Center (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (US)
  • From the Swim Across America Laboratory (D.T.L., J.N.U., B.R.B., L.A.D.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.T.L., J.N.U., H.W., H.K., A.D.E., A.D.S., B.S.L., N.S.A., D.L., B.B., R.C.D., D.M.P., N.P., K.W.K., S.Z., B.V., L.A.D.), Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (B.R.B., A.D.S., N.P., K.W.K., S.Z., B.V., L.A.D.), and the Departments of Radiology (A.Z.) and Pathology (F.B., T.H., R.H.H., L.D.W., N.C., T.C.C., J.M.T., R.A.A., J.R.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,...
  • Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Published
2015-06-25
Volume
372
Issue
26
Pages
2509-2520
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
OpenAlex
W1940241680
Cited by
9,377
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 450 · 2025: 577 · 2024: 680 · 2023: 864 · 2022: 958 · 2021: 1155 · 2020: 1123 · 2019: 911 · 2018: 935 · 2017: 878 · 2016: 668 · 2015: 167
FWCI
382.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (CA67941, CA163672, CA16058, CA 57345, CA43460, K23CA163672, U01CA067941, R37CA043460, R01CA057345, R01CA067941, P50CA062924, R37CA057345, P30CA016058, P30CA006973)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
Keywords
anti-PD-1 therapy, pembrolizumab, mismatch repair deficiency, immune checkpoint inhibitors, somatic mutations, tumor mutational burden, colorectal cancer, metastatic carcinoma, predictive biomarkers, exome sequencing, cancer immunotherapy, progression-free survival, overall survival
MeSH terms
Adenocarcinoma, Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Colorectal Neoplasms, Disease-Free Survival, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, DNA Mismatch Repair, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

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