Cited by 1,184Atrial Fibrillation Management and OutcomesVenous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and ManagementBlood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms

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Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

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Douketis, James D., Spyropoulos, Alex C., Kaatz, Scott, Becker, Richard C., Caprini, Joseph A., Dunn, Andrew S., Garcia, David A., Jacobson, Alan, Jaffer, Amir K., Kong, David F., Schulman, Sam, Turpie, Alexander G.G., Hasselblad, Vic, Ortel, Thomas L.·2015·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1501035PMC PMC4931686

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether bridging anticoagulation is necessary for patients with atrial fibrillation who need an interruption in warfarin treatment for an elective operation or other elective invasive procedure. We hypothesized that forgoing bridging anticoagulation would be noninferior to bridging with low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of perioperative arterial thromboembolism and would be superior to bridging with respect to major bleeding. METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which, after perioperative interruption of warfarin therapy, patients were randomly assigned to receive bridging anticoagulation therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin (100 IU of dalteparin per kilogram of body weight) or matching placebo administered subcutaneously twice daily, from 3 days before the procedure until 24 hours before the procedure and then for 5 to 10 days after the procedure. Warfarin treatment was stopped 5 days before the procedure and was resumed within 24 hours after the procedure. Follow-up of patients continued for 30 days after the procedure. The primary outcomes were arterial thromboembolism (stroke, systemic embolism, or transient ischemic attack) and major bleeding. RESULTS: In total, 1884 patients were enrolled, with 950 assigned to receive no bridging therapy and 934 assigned to receive bridging therapy. The incidence of arterial thromboembolism was 0.4% in the no-bridging group and 0.3% in the bridging group (risk difference, 0.1 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.6 to 0.8; P=0.01 for noninferiority). The incidence of major bleeding was 1.3% in the no-bridging group and 3.2% in the bridging group (relative risk, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.78; P=0.005 for superiority). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with atrial fibrillation who had warfarin treatment interrupted for an elective operation or other elective invasive procedure, forgoing bridging anticoagulation was noninferior to perioperative bridging with low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of arterial thromboembolism and decreased the risk of major bleeding. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health; BRIDGE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00786474.).

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“005 for superiority) [40].”
Anticoagulation Bridge Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Recent Updates Providing a Rebalance of Risk and Benefit
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“21, 22, 36 More recently, the CHADS2 risk score was used in risk stratifying patients for perioperative bridging in a randomized doubleblind placebo-controlled trial.(23) Thereby the use of the CHADS2 has become established as a viable risk assessment scheme for patients with AF in the perioperative setting but has no…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“The anticoagulant strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation is mainly based on out-of-hospital oral anticoagulants (warfarin and DOACs), and LMWH is mainly used as bridging anticoagulation in the perioperative period of patients with atrial fibrillation (39).”
Background
Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy
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Direct oral anticoagulants: unique properties and practical approaches to management
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“The Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients who Require Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) trial was designed to answer the question of whether bridging with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was non-inferior to not bridging to prevent arterial thromboembolism (stro…”
Background
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The management of antithrombotic agents for patients undergoing GI endoscopy Prepared by: ASGE STANDARDS OF PRACTICE COMMITTEE
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Background
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Background
Antithrombotics increase bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer: Nationwide propensity score analysis
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Authors: Douketis, J. D., Spyropoulos, A. C., Kaatz, S., Becker, R. C., Caprini, J. A., Dunn, A. S., Garcia, D. A., Jacobson, A., Jaffer, A. K., Kong, D. F., Schulman, S., Turpie, A. G. G., Hasselblad, V., & Ortel, T. L.
Affiliations: Rush University Medical Center (US)
Northwell Health (US)
Hurley Medical Center (US)
University of Cincinnati (US)
Endeavor Health (US)
University of Washington Medical Center (US)
Duke Medical Center (US)
McMaster University (CA)
ORCID: Douketis, James D.
Spyropoulos, Alex C.
Kaatz, Scott
Becker, Richard C.
Dunn, Andrew S.
Garcia, David A.
Jaffer, Amir K.
Schulman, Sam
Ortel, Thomas L.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2015-08-27
Volume: 373
Issue: 9
Pages: 823-833
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1501035
PMC: PMC4931686
OpenAlex: W1837600385
Cited by: 1,184
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 63 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 132 · 2019: 117 · 2018: 134 · 2017: 141 · 2016: 141 · 2015: 35
FWCI: 109.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL086755, U01HL087229)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, low molecular weight heparin, dalteparin, warfarin interruption, arterial thromboembolism, major bleeding, elective surgery, non-inferiority, stroke prevention, systemic embolism, transient ischemic attack, postoperative bleeding risk
MeSH terms: Adult, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Double-Blind Method, Female, Hemorrhage, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight, Humans, Male, Postoperative Complications, Thromboembolism, Warfarin, Elective Surgical Procedures, Perioperative Period

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