The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 7 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The effects of empagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, in addition to standard care, on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk are not known. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients to receive 10 mg or 25 mg of empagliflozin or placebo once daily. The primary composite outcome was death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke, as analyzed in the pooled empagliflozin group versus the placebo group. The key secondary composite outcome was the primary outcome plus hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS: A total of 7020 patients were treated (median observation time, 3.1 years). The primary outcome occurred in 490 of 4687 patients (10.5%) in the pooled empagliflozin group and in 282 of 2333 patients (12.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the empagliflozin group, 0.86; 95.02% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.99; P=0.04 for superiority). There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of myocardial infarction or stroke, but in the empagliflozin group there were significantly lower rates of death from cardiovascular causes (3.7%, vs. 5.9% in the placebo group; 38% relative risk reduction), hospitalization for heart failure (2.7% and 4.1%, respectively; 35% relative risk reduction), and death from any cause (5.7% and 8.3%, respectively; 32% relative risk reduction). There was no significant between-group difference in the key secondary outcome (P=0.08 for superiority). Among patients receiving empagliflozin, there was an increased rate of genital infection but no increase in other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events who received empagliflozin, as compared with placebo, had a lower rate of the primary composite cardiovascular outcome and of death from any cause when the study drug was added to standard care. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly; EMPA-REG OUTCOME ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01131676.).
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
38 Own result · 11 Own method · 3 Own interpretation · 2 No full text of the sources · 1 Supported · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Evidence that glucose lowering reduces the rates of cardiovascular events and death has not been convincingly shown, 4-6”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [4] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (p. 1) report that sitagliptin lowered glycated hemoglobin but did not reduce the primary cardiovascular outcome; Other Secondary Outcomes (p. 4) show no reduction in death from any cause. These findings support the lack of a demonstrated benefit for sitagliptin in this trial, but do not establish the broader claim about glucose lowering generally. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] source
- Supportedcites [6] source
The paper says uncertainty remains about whether glucose-lowering strategies can reduce cardiovascular risk; it notes that most trials had not shown a significant cardiovascular benefit, while acknowledging possible exceptions for metformin and insulin. The Discussion likewise says that whether improved glycemic control reduces macrovascular events remains in question. Its reported death outcomes do not show a significant reduction. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Fatal or nonfatal stroke | 69 (3.0) | 10.5 | 164 (3.5) | 12.3 | 1.18 (”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P<0.001 for noninferiority”
plainn = 4,687- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A sensitivity analysis of death from any cause in which it was assumed that all patients who were lost to follow-up in the empagliflozin group died and all patients who were lost to follow-up in the placebo group were alive showed a significant benefit of empagliflozin versus placebo (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.93; P = 0.005).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: In the sensitivity analysis of death from any cause, all patients lost to follow-up in the empagliflozin group were assumed to have died and all patients lost to follow-up in the placebo group were assumed to be alive.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In subgroup analyses, there was some heterogeneity for the primary outcome.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no significant between-group difference in the key secondary outcome (P = 0.08 for superiority).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no relevant changes in electrolytes in the two study groups.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All categories of death from cardiovascular causes contributed to the reduction in cardiovascular death in the empagliflozin group”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events, those receiving empagliflozin had a lower rate of the primary composite outcome of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke than did patients receiving placebo.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with no significant between-group difference in the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
- It may state two separate claims as one. 20
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 reduce rates of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by decreasing renal glucose reabsorption, thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion. 10”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [10] source
The Introduction states that SGLT2 inhibitors block renal glucose reabsorption, increase urinary glucose excretion, and have anti-hyperglycaemic effects. The Conclusion also states that SGLT2 inhibition lowers renal glucose reabsorption and blood glucose levels and may be effective in type 2 diabetes. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Genital infection was reported in a higher percentage of patients in the pooled empagliflozin group.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A higher percentage of patients in the placebo group received additional glucose-lowering medications (including sulfonylurea and insulin), antihypertensive medications (including diuretics), and anticoagulants during the trial, with no between-group difference in the receipt of lipidlowering drugs”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Over the course of the study, empagliflozin, as compared with placebo, was associated with small reductions in weight, waist circumference, uric acid level, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure with no increase in heart rate and small increases in both LDL and HDL cholesterol”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“at week 206, the differences were -0.24 percentage points (95% CI, -0.40 to -0.08) and -0.36 percentage points (95% CI, -0.51 to -0.20).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Myocardial infarction was reported in 4.8% of patients in the empagliflozin group and 5.4% of those in the placebo group, and stroke in 3.5% and 3.0% of patients, respectively.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Urosepsis was reported in 0.4% of patients in the empagliflozin group and 0.1% of those in the placebo group, but there was no imbalance in overall rates of urinary tract infection, complicated urinary tract infection, or pyelonephritis”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After 12 weeks, during which glucose-lowering therapy was to remain unchanged, the adjusted mean differences in the glycated hemoglobin level between patients receiving empagliflozin and those receiving placebo were -0.54 percentage points (95% CI, -0.58 to -0.49) in the 10-mg group and -0.60 percentage points (95% CI, -0.64 to -0.55) in the 25-mg group”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“death from any cause (5.7% and 8.3%, respectively; 32% relative risk reduction)”
- Also stated in: § CONCLUSIONS · p. 1 · plain
“Patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events who received empagliflozin, as compared with placebo, had a lower rate of the primary composite cardiovascular outcome and of death from any cause when the study drug was added to standard care.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § CONCLUSIONS · p. 1 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportions of patients who had adverse events, serious adverse events, and adverse events leading to the discontinuation of a study drug were similar in the empagliflozin group and the placebo group”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportions of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, volume depletion, thromboembolic events, and bone fracture were low (ranging from <1% for ketoacidosis and thromboembolic events to 5% for volume depletion) and similar in the empagliflozin groups and the placebo group.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among patients receiving empagliflozin, there was an increased rate of genital infection but no increase in other adverse events.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of myocardial infarction or stroke”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the empagliflozin group there were significantly lower rates of death from cardiovascular causes (3.7%, vs. 5.9% in the placebo group; 38% relative risk reduction)”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hematocrit values were higher in the empagliflozin groups than in the placebo group”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportions of patients with confirmed hypoglycemic adverse events, acute renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, thromboembolic events, bone fracture, and events consistent with volume depletion were similar in the two study groups.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the percentage of patients with acute renal failure (including acute kidney injury) was lower in the empagliflozin groups than in the placebo group, and renal function was maintained with empagliflozin.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The hazard ratios for the primary outcome were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.01; P = 0.07) for the 10-mg dose of empagliflozin versus placebo and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.02; P = 0.09) for the 25-mg dose versus placebo.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hospitalization for heart failure (2.7% and 4.1%, respectively; 35% relative risk reduction)”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and the point estimate for the hazard ratio for stroke was closer to 1.00”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the primary and key secondary outcomes, hazard ratios for the comparison between the 10-mg dose of empagliflozin versus placebo and the 25-mg dose versus placebo were virtually identical to those in the pooled analysis, but the individual dose effects were not significant”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“there is concern that intensive glucose lowering or the use of specific glucose-lowering drugs may be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. 8”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Empagliflozin is a selective inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 11”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Randomization was performed with the use of a computer-generated random-sequence and interactive voice- and Web-response system and was stratified according to the glycated hemoglobin level at screening (<8.5% or ≥8.5%), bodymass index at randomization (<30 or ≥30), renal function at screening (eGFR, 30 to 59 ml, 60 to 89 ml, or ≥90 ml per minute per 1.73 m 2 ), and geographic region”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed the primary analysis using a modified intention-to-treat approach among patients who had received at least one dose of a study drug.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but these numbers cannot be extrapolated to patient populations with other clinical characteristics.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Cardiovascular outcome events and deaths were prospectively adjudicated by two clinical-events committees (one for cardiac events and the other for neurologic events), as recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. 9”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The median duration of treatment was 2.6 years, and the median observation time was 3.1 years; both durations were similar in the pooled empagliflozin group and the placebo group”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Members of the University of Freiburg conducted an independent statistical analysis of cardiovascular outcomes”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The trial was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the the International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines and was approved by local authorities. An independent ethics committee or institutional review board approved the clinical protocol at each participating center.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our trial provides data to support the longterm use of empagliflozin, as well as strong evidence for a reduction in cardiovascular risk.”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, 97.0% of patients completed the study, with 25.4% of patients prematurely discontinuing a study drug. Final vital status was available for 99.2% of patients.”
plainn = 7,028- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Safety data were reviewed by an independent academic data monitoring committee every 90 days or at the discretion of the committee.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The trial continued until an adjudicated primary outcome event had occurred in at least 691 patients.”
plainn = 691- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses were based on a Cox proportional-hazards model, with study group, age, sex, baseline body-mass index, baseline glycated hemoglobin level, baseline eGFR, and geographic region as factors.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The effects of empagliflozin, in addition to standard care, on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk were not known before this trial.
“The effects of empagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, in addition to standard care, on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk are not known.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
In the sensitivity analysis of death from any cause, all patients lost to follow-up in the empagliflozin group were assumed to have died and all patients lost to follow-up in the placebo group were assumed to be alive.
“A sensitivity analysis of death from any cause in which it was assumed that all patients who were lost to follow-up in the empagliflozin group died and all patients who were lost to follow-up in the placebo group were alive”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“and the risk of reduction in eGFR, ESKD, or death from ESKD by 40%”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [111]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that Black Americans were underrepresented in this trial comprising only 3.3% of all participants and that this trend towards greater amputations was not found in subsequent analyses.”
From Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The time to benefit emerged earlier in that trial than in the present trial”
From Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In recent years, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated benefits in preventing deleterious cardiorenal endpoints among individuals with type 2 diabetes, shifting disease management from a glucocentric approach to one that prioritises long-term cardiorenal health [5–7].”
From Racial and ethnic disparities in the uptake of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes and heart failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, 2013–2019 (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and the risk of doubling of serum creatinine accompanied by eGFR #45 mL/min/1.73m 2 by 44%”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [111]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There is substantial evidence con fi rming that SGLT2i confer signi fi cant kidney and heart protective effects in these patients.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [90]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As discussed, there have now been 4 RCTs 87,89,90,93 and a meta-analysis of 4 of these trials 97 that have con fi rmed the signi fi cant bene fi ts of SGLT2i on clinically meaningful kidney outcomes beyond just proteinuria as a surrogate marker.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [90]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The recommendation is strong due to the known kidney and/or cardiovascular protective effects in patients with T2D and CKD as shown in high-quality trials, such as EMPA-REG, CANVAS, DECLARE-TIMI 58, CREDENCE, DAPA-CKD, SCORED, DAPA-HF, SOLOIST, EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [90]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The similar rates of amputation and fracture that we observed with canagliflozin and placebo are reassuring and consistent with trials of other SGLT2 inhibitors 6,7,20 but differ from the CANVAS Program findings.5”
From Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the incidence of heart failure and improve heart failurerelated outcomes, including hospitalization for heart failure and heart failure-related symptoms, in people with diabetes with preserved or reduced ejection fraction (250,(255)(256)(257)(298)(299)(300)(301)(302)(303)(304)(305)(306).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [255]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, only 10% of study participants had a prior history of heart failure, and treatment with empagliflozin reduced the relative risk for hospitalization from heart failure by 35% (281).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [281]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Large clinical trials have shown benefits of newer glucose-lowering medications on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with CKD with type 2 diabetes.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14”
From Disparities in SGLT2 Inhibitor or Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Initiation Among Medicare-Insured Adults With CKD in the United States (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Stratified analyses of the trials of this drug class indicate that older adults have similar or greater benefits than younger people (116-118).”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Stratified analyses of the trials of this drug class indicate that older adults have similar or greater benefits than younger people”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [139]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Clinical trials of other SGLT2 inhibitors have shown similar results.8,10,19”
From Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The pattern of cardiovascular benefits that were associated with liraglutide in our trial appears to differ from that with the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin in the previously reported EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial.”
From Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the heterogeneity of the direction and magnitude of the effects on the components of the primary composite outcome in that trial contrasts with the consistency of the effect in the present trial.”
From Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The SGLT2i cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have reported DKA rates of 0.1 -0.6% compared with rates of < 0.1 -0.3% with placebo (143 -147), with very low rates in the HF (148 -151) and CKD (152,153) outcome studies.”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Pharmaceutical interventions of 1.5 to 3 years duration report HbA1c reductions of 0.2 to 1.0% with DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists (6, 7, 49).”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Participants with T2D and an eGFR as low as 30 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 were included in the EMPA-REG, CANVAS, and CREDENCE trials, 87,90,93 and ef fi cacy and safety in these studies were consistent across both eGFR and albuminuria down to this threshold.”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [90]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial also showed that empagliflozin was superior to placebo, 6”
From Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recently, trials evaluating a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) and a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue (liraglutide) have shown improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes who were at high risk for cardiovascular events.2,3”
From Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To date, two antihyperglycemic agents have been shown to reduce the rate of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.2,3”
From Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The BI 10773 (Empagliflozin) Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) showed that treatment with empagliflozin reduced the composite outcome of MI, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 14% (absolute rate 10.5% vs. 12.1% in the placebo group, HR in the empagliflozin group 0.86 [95% CI 0.74-0.99];P = 0.04 for superiority) and cardiovascular death by 3”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [255]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, only 10% of study participants had a prior history of heart failure, and treatment with empagliflozin reduced the relative risk for hospitalization from heart failure by 35% (255).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [255]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Given the additional beneficial effects of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors on CV outcomes in T2DM (Section 5.3), these agents should be the preferred glucose-lowering medication in overweight and obese patients with CVD and T2DM, as obesity medications have, to date, not shown to reduce CV events.[70][71][72]”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [71]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“SGLT2 inhibitors, compared with placebo, were associated with more new-onset AF cases in EMPA-REG OUTCOME (empagliflozin vs. placebo), but fewer incident AF cases in CANVAS (canagliflozin vs. placebo) and DECLARE-TIMI 58 (dapagliflozin vs. placebo).71,151,153,603”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [71]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Specifically, compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced the risk of incident or worsening nephropathy (a composite of progression to UACR >300 mg/g creatinine, doubling of serum creatinine, ESKD, or death from ESKD) by 39%”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [111]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“canagliflozin reduced the risk of progression of albuminuria by 27%”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [111]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“and semaglutide reduced the risk of new or worsening nephropathy (a composite of persistent UACR >300 mg/g creatinine, doubling of serum creatinine, or ESKD) by 36% (each P < 0.01).”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [111]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“liraglutide reduced the risk of new or worsening nephropathy (a composite of persistent macroalbuminuria, doubling of serum creatinine, ESKD, or death from ESKD) by 22%”
From 11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [111]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Among patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events, SGLT2 inhibitor use has been shown to significantly reduce death from cardiovascular causes and to lower the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and progression of kidney disease.4,6”
From Association of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use among patients with diabetes in the US (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Empagliflozin reduced the risk of HF hospitalization by 35% in patients with and without previous HF.71”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“In the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) study, approximately 40% of participants with established CKD had apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.22”
From Blood Pressure Effects of Canagliflozin and Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From the CREDENCE Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“The pattern of use of BP lowering therapies and prevalence of resistant hypertension in CREDENCE is consistent with these data, and suggest that our findings are likely to be directly applicable to the routine care of patients with T2DM and CKD, where the burden of resistant hypertension and use of multiple BP lowering therapies is high.”
From Blood Pressure Effects of Canagliflozin and Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From the CREDENCE Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“The CVOTs designed to test safety and a CKD trial (CREDENCE) were comparable in key aspects: participants with T2DM, placebo controls, SGLT2 inhibitor dose not based on glycemia, all participants treated by standard of care, and similarly defined and adjudicated outcomes.”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“After a median follow-up of 3.1 years, patients treated with empagliflozin had a 14% lower relative risk for cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99) (35).”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Diuresis is an important mechanism for reducing blood pressure and risk for HF events (11–16,35).”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The benefit of empagliflozin on the primary CVD composite outcome was largely driven by a significant reduction in CVD death rates (3.7% vs. 5.9%; HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.49–0.77]).”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“cardiovascular event rates remain high, even among the patients with well-managed T2DM enrolled in contemporary outcomes trials,8–10”
In the citing paper
“several cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) demonstrated that drugs that lowered HbA1c to similar levels had different effects on cardiovascular outcomes”
In the citing paper
“empagliflozin reduced MACEs by 14% (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.75–0.99]) in patients with established cardiovascular disease”
In the citing paper
“which was driven primarily by a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality (3.7% versus 5.9%; 38% RRR)”
In the citing paper
“Empagliflozin also reduced all-cause mortality (5.7% versus 8.3%; 32% RRR)”
In the citing paper
“Large cardiovascular outcome trials provided initial proof that SGLT2 inhibitors slow the progression of kidney function decline and reduce the risks of kidney outcomes in patients with T2D of whom the majority had relatively preserved kidney function (Wiviott et al., 2019; Neal et al., 2017; Zinman et al., 2015; Mosenzon et al., 2019).”
From A kidney perspective on the mechanism of action of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (2021) · cites this paper as Zinman et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“A limitation of our study is that it was started before GLP-1 receptor agonists 24 and SGLT2 inhibitors 25 were shown to reduce major cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with stable cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.”
In the citing paper
“Rates of heart failure hospitalization have been improved in recent trials including people with type 2 diabetes, most of whom also had ASCVD, with sodium -glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (8 -11).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“and cardiovascular death by 38% (absolute rate 3.7% vs. 5.9%, HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.49 -0.77]; P < 0.001) (8).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“EMPA-REG OUTCOME showed that over a median follow-up of 3.1 years, treatment reduced the composite outcome of MI, stroke, and cardiovascular death by 14% (absolute rate 10.5% vs. 12.1% in the placebo group, HR in the empagli fl ozin group 0.86 [95% CI 0.74 -0.99]; P = 0.04 for superiority)”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“In EMPAREG OUTCOME, the addition of empaglifl ozin to standard care led to a signi fi cant 35% reduction in hospitalization for heart failure compared with placebo (8).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Reduced incidence of heart failure has been observed with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors (8,194,196).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“However, a longer duration of 8–15 years after strict glycemic control is necessary for the suppression of ASCVD risk797, 798).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [797]
In the citing paper
“Not all DPP4 inhibitors are associated with higher rates of HF (Table 8).16 -24,184-186”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (n=7020), including patients with T2DM, established CV disease and eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73m 2 , there was a major reduction in HF hospitalization (HR 0.65) with empagliflozin compared with placebo.20”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“A significant breakthrough in contemporary cardiology was the finding that some T2DM drugs are associated with a lower risk of HF hospitalization in patients with CV disease or at high risk of CV disease (Table 8).”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Two large RCTs that assessed CV safety of the sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, empagliflozin and canagliflozin, have shown a significant reduction in HF hospitalization with both drugs.20,189”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Empagliflozin in EMPA-REG OUTCOME, but not canagliflozin in CANVAS, reduced all-cause and CV mortality as well as HF hospitalization.”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Darapladib (which targeted Lp-PLA 2 ) failed in SOLID-TIMI 52 128 and STABILITY 129 trials”
From Integrating genomics with biomarkers and therapeutic targets to invigorate cardiovascular drug development (2021) · cites this paper as [128]
Citations
Cites
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Paul, S. K., Bethel, M. A., Matthews, D. R., & Neil, H. A. W. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806470 · Cited by 7,751
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60484-9 · Cited by 5,125
Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Scirica, B. M., Bhatt, D. L., Braunwald, E., Steg, P. G., Davidson, J., Hirshberg, B., Ohman, P., Frederich, R., Wiviott, S. D., Hoffman, E. B., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1307684 · Cited by 3,470
Beckman, J. A., Creager, M. A., & Libby, P. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.19.2570 · Cited by 2,765
Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Green, J. B., Bethel, M. A., Armstrong, P. W., Buse, J. B., Engel, S. S., Garg, J., Josse, R., Kaufman, K. D., Koglin, J., Korn, S., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1501352 · Cited by 2,577
Self-citationAlogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes
White, W. B., Cannon, C. P., Heller, S. R., Nissen, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Bakris, G. L., Perez, A. T., Fleck, P. R., Mehta, C. R., Kupfer, S., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1305889 · Cited by 2,502
Cherney, D. Z. I., Perkins, B. A., Soleymanlou, N., Maione, M., Lai, V., Lee, A., Fagan, N. M., Woerle, H. J., Johansen, O. E., Broedl, U. C., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.005081 · Cited by 1,329
Self-citationAssociation of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with mortality
Di Angelantonio, E., Kaptoge, S., Wormser, D., Willeit, P., Butterworth, A. S., Bansal, N., O’Keeffe, L. M., Gao, P., Wood, A. M., Burgess, S., et al. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7008 · Cited by 1,155
Ronco, C., McCullough, P. A., Anker, S. D., Anand, I. S., Aspromonte, N., Bagshaw, S. M., Bellomo, R., Berl, T., Bobek, I., Cruz, D. N., et al. (2009) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp507 · Cited by 1,137
Grempler, R., Thomas, L., Eckhardt, M., Himmelsbach, F., Sauer, A., Sharp, D. E., Bakker, R. A., Mark, M., Klein, T., & Eickelmann, P. (2012) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01517.x · Cited by 608
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Rosenstock J, 2015, Diabetes Obes Metab
- Chilton RC, 2014, Diabetes Obes Metab
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 10,301–10,400 of 12,150
Мисникова, И. В., Kovaleva, Y. A., & Gubkina, V. A. (2020) · Almanac of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-056
Extending the use of SGLT2 inhibitors from diabetic to non-diabetic kidney disease
Dekkers, C. C. J. (2020) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.33612/diss.136049658
Hot Topics in Primary Care 2020 Introduction
Brunton (2020) · The Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.12788/jfp.0058
168 Social Stress Can Break Your Heart
Helman, T. J., Peart, J. N., & Headrick, J. (2020) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.175
Lan, N., Ali, U., Fegan, P. G., Larbalestier, R. I., Hitchen, S. A., Hort, A., & Yeap, B. B. (2020) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.611
La dapagliflozine (Forxiga® et Xigduo®)
Bauduceau, B., & Bordier, L. (2020) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2020.10.007
Ziser, K. E. D., Dutkiewicz, C., Byun, M. S., et al. (2020) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.176
The many-faced hurdle of cardiac involvement in diabetes: where to focus?
Jørgensen, P. G. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018820970446
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects with Obesity: What is the Best Approach?
Ferone, D. (2020) · Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes · doi:10.31031/iod.2020.04.000579
Nguyễn, K. D. V. (2020) · Vietnam Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology · doi:10.47122/vjde.2020.39.13
Rocha, N. A., & McCullough, P. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57460-4_8
Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Acute and Chronic Cardiorenal Syndromes
Hahr, A. J., & Molitch, M. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57460-4_23
Samigullin, A., Hammes, H., Siegel, E. G., Helms, T. M., Remppis, B. A., Humpert, P. M., & Morcos, M. (2020) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-1306-7998
General Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Randomized Trials
Chetrit, M., & Dokainish, H. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-64067-1.00034-6
Noh, R. M., Graveling, A. J., Lang, N. N., White, A. C., Lee, K. K., Mills, N. L., Newby, D. E., Lang, C. C., & Frier, B. M. (2021) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.258
Assist-Devices bei terminaler Herzinsuffizienz
Rojas, S. V., Fox, H., & Gummert, J. F. (2020) · Kardiologie up2date · doi:10.1055/a-1081-6644
Contemporary therapies for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Klug, E. K., & Tsabedze, N. (2020) · South African General Practitioner · doi:10.36303/sagp.2020.1.4.0026
Estimation Level of Leptin and Resistin in Sera Patients with Type Two Diabetes among Iraqi Peoples
Sami, A. (2020) · Medico-Legal Update · doi:10.37506/mlu.v20i4.2131
Lesme, G. L. E. (2020) · Revista del Nacional (Itaguá) · doi:10.18004/rdn2020.dic.02.130.132
Orale Antidiabetika bei Typ-2-Diabetes
Negrean, M. (2020) · Info Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s15034-020-2209-8
SGLT-2-Inhibition verbessert renale Endpunkte auch bei Nichtdiabetikern
Weyrich, P. (2020) · Info Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s15034-020-2217-8
Underwood, L., Semchuk, W., & Albers, L. (2020) · Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada · doi:10.1177/1715163520976149
Bhat, P., & Tang, W. H. W. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-64067-1.00036-x
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Plus Placebo Is Inferior to NSAID Therapy for Arthritis Pain
Hung, H. (2020) · Journal of clinical outcomes management · doi:10.12788/jcom.0029
Diabetic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
Muta, K., Obata, Y., & Nishino, T. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9301-7_3
Cardiodiabetology: Reducing Risks to Optimize Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes
Wong, N. D., & Handelsman, Y. (2020) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56279-3_12
Murín, J., Bulas, J., & Wawruch, M. (2020) · Klinická farmakologie a farmacie · doi:10.36290/far.2020.028
Prevention of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Ross, E., Unkart, J., & Allison, M. (2020) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56279-3_22
Arias, A. (2020) · Evidencia actualizacion en la práctica ambulatoria · doi:10.51987/evidencia.v23i1.4280
Nishimura, A., & Aoki, Y. (2020) · Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.36347/sjmcr.2020.v08i11.008
Patel, S., Fourlanos, S., & Greenfield, J. R. (2021) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14513
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors
Suvarna, V. R. (2021) · Perspectives in Clinical Research · doi:10.4103/picr.picr_156_19
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Disease: Lessons and the Future
Kinsara, A. J., AlQubbany, A., & Alkashkar, W. (2020) · Internal Medicine - Open Journal · doi:10.17140/imoj-4-113
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors for Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure
Mikhail, N. E. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinology and Thyroid Research · doi:10.19080/jetr.2019.05.555656
Az SGLT2-gátló kezelés evidenciái a csökkent ejekciós frakcióval járó szívelégtelenség terápiájában
Sepp, R. (2020) · Cardiologia Hungarica · doi:10.26430/chungarica.2020.50.6.438
Az akut canagliflozinkezelés kivédi a miokardiális iszkémia-reperfúziós károsodást patkánymodellen
Sayour, A. A., Ruppert, M., Oláh, A., Benke, K., Benkő, R., Horváth, E. M., Korkmaz‐Icöz, S., Loganathan, S., Karck, M., Merkely, B. P., et al. (2020) · Cardiologia Hungarica · doi:10.26430/chungarica.2020.50.6.417
Schäfer, A., Martinez, C. S., Flierl, U., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwab004
Oral Glucose-Lowering Agent Treatments in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
İmamoğlu, Ş. (2021) · Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.46310/tjim.815794
Hipoglucemiantes y riesgo cardiovascular
Villén, N., Troncoso‐Mariño, A., & Vázquez, M. L. (2021) · FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.fmc.2020.03.016
Medical and Revascularization Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: An Overview
Radaideh, Q., Shammas, N. W., Daher, G. E., & Rachwan, R. J. (2021) · International Journal of Angiology · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1722739 · Cited by 1
Tsaban, G. (2020) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa057
The treatment of diabetes with new generation drugs
Marosz, S., Borkowska, J., Mikulska, P., Borkowska, K., & Kowieska, J. (2020) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2020.10.09.083
Opportunistic Screening for Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusPreprint
Wong, C., Huang, D., Zhou, M., Lau, Y.-M., Lai, W., Lau, Y.-M., Hai, J. J., Lau, C., Chan, E. W., Yue, W., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-154497/v1
SGLT2 Inhibitors: the Gift that Keeps on Giving
Garcia, M. V. F., & Han, J. (2021) · Korean Circulation Journal · doi:10.4070/kcj.2020.0512
Antidiabetikumok új szerepben – újdonságok a Magyarországon elérhető SGLT-2-gátlóknál
Simonyi, G. (2020) · Diabetologia Hungarica · doi:10.24121/dh.2020.20
Metformin – ein Opfer des eigenen Erfolges?
Seibold, J. (2021) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-021-00728-w
Dapagliflozin bei Herzinsuffizienz: Profitieren auch Patienten, die bereits Diuretika erhalten?
Eggebrecht, H. (2021) · Der Kardiologe · doi:10.1007/s12181-021-00448-x
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Sharma, G. V., Minhas, A. S., & Michos, E. D. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819369-3.00013-7
Tanaka, A., & Node, K. (2020) · Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi · doi:10.2169/naika.109.215
Empagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Cardiovascular Remodeling
欧, 振. (2021) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2021.112067
Heart Failure: One, None, and a Hundred Thousand
Antonini‐Canterin, F., & Bossone, E. (2021) · Heart Failure Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2021.01.011
Diabetes mellitus erhöht das Risiko für einen Schlaganfall
Diener, H., & Heni, M. (2020) · InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15005-020-1517-9
42/w soporös mit starken abdominellen Schmerzen
Hintze, S. C., & Terkamp, C. (2021) · Der Internist · doi:10.1007/s00108-021-00958-6
Jaiswal, A. D. (2020) · Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal · doi:10.19080/crdoj.2020.13.555874
Glucosuria Is Not Always Due to Diabetes
Dass, B. (2021) · Federal Practitioner · doi:10.12788/fp.0091
Zastosowanie dapagliflozyny w terapii cukrzycy typu 1 u 36-letniej kobiety - opis przypadku
Rutkowska, K., & Cypryk, K. (2021) · Clinical Diabetology · doi:10.5603/dk.a2021.0013
Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Kidney Disease
Matoba, K. (2021) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology2010003
元昭, 佐. (2020) · 心臓 · doi:10.11281/shinzo.52.8
Die Niere als Schrittmacher kardiovaskulärer Alterung
Wanner, C., Galle, J., & Lopau, K. (2021) · DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1055/a-1235-0533
Self-citationLebedeva, A. Y., Koteshkova, O. M. K., Dzhioeva, O. N., Gilyarevsky, S. R., Uskach, T. M., Новикова, М. С., Orlova, Y. A., Kalashnikov, V. Y., Privalov, D. V., Ananicheva, N. A., et al. (2021) · Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology · doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2021-01-03
Approvals of type 2 diabetes drugs tested in cardiovascular outcome trials: A tripartite comparison
Shimazawa, R., & Ikeda, M. (2021) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14814
Singhal, A., & Cowie, M. (2021) · Trends in Urology & Men s Health · doi:10.1002/tre.793
Therapie bei Diabetes und Niereninsuffizienz
Wintrich, J., Ukena, C., Mahfoud, F., Marx, N., & Böhm, M. (2021) · Der Kardiologe · doi:10.1007/s12181-021-00468-7
Renal Complications After Bariatric Surgery
Wilson, R. L., & Aminian, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4702-1_10
SGLT2 inhibitors – A new silver bullet
Kanakakis, I.-G. (2021) · Hellenic Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2021.03.003
Bourron, O., & Phan, F. (2021) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2021.02.016
Divya, S., Sivakumar, D., Likhitha, D., et al. (2021) · JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE · doi:10.51521/jpem.2021.1101
Papadimitriou, L., Hernandez, G. A., Lennep, B., Long, R. C., Butler, J., & Kalogeropoulos, A. P. (2021) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-021-00905-6
Review of LDL-C Lowering with Focus on New and Emerging Agents
Brinton (2020) · The Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.12788/jfp.0070
Can biomarkers help find the ‘sweet spot’ for treating patients with diabetes?
Sattar, N. A., & Januzzi, J. L. (2021) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2175
Stemming the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Role of the Primary Care Clinician
Bakris (2020) · The Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.12788/jfp.0072
SGLT2 inhibitors: Do we need other evidences?
Avogaro, A. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.03.027
A New Era in Asthma Management: Assessment of Asthma Control
Murphy, M. (2020) · The Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.12788/jfp.0061
Optimización de la evaluación anestesiológica del paciente con obesidad mórbida
Moreira, S. I. F. D. S. (2020) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.145335
Martínez, F. A. (2021) · European Cardiology Review · doi:10.15420/ecr.2020.38
Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Inzucchi, S. E., & Kosiborod, M. (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/l17-0231
Self-citationEffect of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure
Khong, T. K., & Yeung, J. A. (2021) · Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin · doi:10.1136/dtb.2021.000010
Kidney Outcomes With SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Cross, L. V., & Heaton, G. (2021) · ADCES in Practice · doi:10.1177/2633559x211007065
Peripher arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK)
Schahab, N., Schaefer, C. A., & Mahn, T. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-23834-5.00026-8
Neue Therapien der Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion
Langhammer, R., & Wachter, R. (2021) · MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s15006-021-9806-x
Moderne Antidiabetika nach Metformin
Otto, C. (2021) · CME · doi:10.1007/s11298-021-2000-8
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: game changers when handled with care?
Htet, Z. M., & Karim, M. (2021) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/01410768211011109
Romero, A., Llauradó, G., & González-Clemente, J. M. (2021) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2020.12.004
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetes
Jesus, A. R., Harrison, B. A., & Dore, T. M. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471266949.bmc277
Sagara, R., Inoue, T., Sonoda, N., Yano, C., Motoya, M., Umakoshi, H., Sakamoto, R., & Ogawa, Y. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-415041/v1
Heart failure at the crossroads of cardiology and diabetology
Standl, E., & Rydén, L. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108844
42/w soporös mit starken abdominellen Schmerzen: Vorbereitung auf die Facharztprüfung: Fall 12
Hintze, S. C., & Terkamp, C. (2021) · Der Internist
Treatment strategy of type 2 diabetes used in Czech Republic after metformin therapy failure
Svacina, S., Ovesná, P., Kuhn, M., et al. (2017) · Vnitřní lékařství · doi:10.36290/vnl.2017.127
Jak postupovat v boji s inzulinovou rezistencí u pacientů s DM 2. typu
Haluzı́k, M. (2020) · Vnitřní lékařství · doi:10.36290/vnl.2020.128
Apport des inhibiteurs du SGLT2 dans la gestion du diabète au cours du Ramadan
Ibrahim, A.-Z., Amouin, S., Kadiri, S., Sollier, M., Nassouri, S., Garcia, C., Bauduceau, B., & Bordier, L. (2021) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2021.03.008
Prevención secundaria en el paciente coronario
Sorbets, E., Lallmahomed, E., Kretz, S., Cinaud, A., Vallée, A., Lelong, H., Blachier, V., & Blacher, J. (2021) · EMC - Tratado de Medicina · doi:10.1016/s1636-5410(21)44686-6
Novinky v liečbe srdcového zlyhávania - editorial
Murín, J. (2017) · Vnitřní lékařství · doi:10.36290/vnl.2017.049
Gliflozins slow down the progression of diabetic kidney disease
Tesař, V., & Vachek, J. (2017) · Vnitřní lékařství · doi:10.36290/vnl.2017.143
Bakterielle Prostatitis nach Therapie mit Empagliflozin
Bradtke, N. (2021) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1727339
MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE PATIENTS (UPDATE 2019) – PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
Mitkowski, P. P., & Grymuza, M. (2020) · In a good rythm · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.1505
Mori, V. D. (2020) · The Journal of AMD · doi:10.36171/jamd20.23.2.2
Ayaz, E. Y., Boyraz, M., Keskinler, M. V., Erbakan, A. N., & Oğuz, A. (2021) · Selçuk Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.30733/std.2021.01505
Birkeland, K., Anderson, D., Bodegård, J., Eriksson, J., Norhammar, A., Thuresson, M., Pignot, M., Garal‐Pantaler, E., Toshitaka, Y., Issei, K., et al. (2021) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1727454
Aktuelles zur Herz-Nieren-Interaktion
Emrich, I. E., Tokcan, M., Ghorani, H. A., Schwenger, V., & Mahfoud, F. (2021) · Herz · doi:10.1007/s00059-021-05043-0
Metadata
- Authors
- Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J. M., Fitchett, D., Bluhmki, E., Hantel, S., Mattheus, M., Devins, T., Johansen, O. E., Woerle, H. J., Broedl, U. C., & Inzucchi, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- George Washington University (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany) (DE)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (United States) (US)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Norway) (NO)
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2015-11-26
- Volume
- 373
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2117-2128
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2146264128
- Semantic Scholar
- b43c548120609d766a5fec5a495baa81903ab3f2
- Cited by
- 12,315
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 741 · 2025: 1017 · 2024: 1082 · 2023: 1131 · 2022: 1300 · 2021: 1451 · 2020: 1380 · 2019: 1206 · 2018: 1069 · 2017: 948 · 2016: 688 · 2015: 87
- FWCI
- 567.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Keywords
- empagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular outcomes, cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalization, myocardial infarction, stroke
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Benzhydryl Compounds, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-16, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-16 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
