The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical Metagenomic Sequencing for Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has the potential to identify a broad range of pathogens in a single test. METHODS: In a 1-year, multicenter, prospective study, we investigated the usefulness of metagenomic NGS of CSF for the diagnosis of infectious meningitis and encephalitis in hospitalized patients. All positive tests for pathogens on metagenomic NGS were confirmed by orthogonal laboratory testing. Physician feedback was elicited by teleconferences with a clinical microbial sequencing board and by surveys. Clinical effect was evaluated by retrospective chart review. RESULTS: We enrolled 204 pediatric and adult patients at eight hospitals. Patients were severely ill: 48.5% had been admitted to the intensive care unit, and the 30-day mortality among all study patients was 11.3%. A total of 58 infections of the nervous system were diagnosed in 57 patients (27.9%). Among these 58 infections, metagenomic NGS identified 13 (22%) that were not identified by clinical testing at the source hospital. Among the remaining 45 infections (78%), metagenomic NGS made concurrent diagnoses in 19. Of the 26 infections not identified by metagenomic NGS, 11 were diagnosed by serologic testing only, 7 were diagnosed from tissue samples other than CSF, and 8 were negative on metagenomic NGS owing to low titers of pathogens in CSF. A total of 8 of 13 diagnoses made solely by metagenomic NGS had a likely clinical effect, with 7 of 13 guiding treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Routine microbiologic testing is often insufficient to detect all neuroinvasive pathogens. In this study, metagenomic NGS of CSF obtained from patients with meningitis or encephalitis improved diagnosis of neurologic infections and provided actionable information in some cases. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; PDAID ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02910037.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to detect microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) in plasma is a promising approach, potentially allowing earlier detection and diagnosis of fungal infections when other blood biomarkers/tests are still negative.23”
From Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In fact, mNGS was able to identify 16 pathogens that could not otherwise be detected by routine methods (35), attesting to its robustness and sensitivity.”
From Viruses Causing Aseptic Meningitis: A Tertiary Medical Center Experience With a Multiplex PCR Assay (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A new emerging technique that might be very broad yet highly accurate at detection is the mNGS, which has been shown to detect more neuroinvasive viruses accurately (32, 35).”
From Viruses Causing Aseptic Meningitis: A Tertiary Medical Center Experience With a Multiplex PCR Assay (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform
Katoh, K. (2002) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkf436 · Cited by 17,027
A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis
Graus, F., Titulaer, M. J., Balu, R., Benseler, S. M., Bien, C. G., Cellucci, T., Cortese, I. C. M., Dale, R. C., Gelfand, J. M., Geschwind, M. D., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00401-9 · Cited by 4,580
Self-citationThe Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database
McArthur, A. G., Waglechner, N., Nizam, F., Yan, A., Azad, M. A., Baylay, A. J., Bhullar, K., Canova, M. J., Pascale, G. D., Ejim, L. J., et al. (2013) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00419-13 · Cited by 2,287
Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation and Reporting of Sequence Variants in Cancer
Li, M. M., Datto, M., Duncavage, E. J., Kulkarni, S., Lindeman, N. I., Roy, S., Tsimberidou, A. M., Vnencak‐Jones, C. L., Wolff, D. J., Younes, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.10.002 · Cited by 2,113
Granerod, J., Ambrose, H. E., Davies, N. W., Clewley, J. P., Walsh, A. L., Morgan, D., Cunningham, R., Zuckerman, M., Mutton, K. J., Solomon, T., et al. (2010) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70222-x · Cited by 1,358
Hepatitis E Virus and Chronic Hepatitis in Organ-Transplant Recipients
Kamar, N., Sèlves, J., Mansuy, J., Ouezzani, L., Péron, J., Guitard, J., Cointault, O., Esposito, L., Abravanel, F., Danjoux, M., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706992 · Cited by 1,342
Estimating Maximum Likelihood Phylogenies with PhyML
Guindon, S., Delsuc, F., Dufayard, J.-F., & Gascuel, O. (2009) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-251-9_6 · Cited by 843
Simner, P. J., Miller, S., & Carroll, K. C. (2018) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix881 · Cited by 821
Self-citationBeyond Viruses: Clinical Profiles and Etiologies Associated with Encephalitis
Glaser, C. A., Honarmand, S., Anderson, L. J., Schnurr, D. P., Forghani, B., Cossen, C. K., Schuster, F. L., Christie, L. J., & Tureen, J. H. (2006) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/509330 · Cited by 649
Miller, S. A., Naccache, S. N., Samayoa, E., Messacar, K., Arevalo, S., Federman, S., Stryke, D., Pham, E., Fung, B., Bolosky, W. J., et al. (2019) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.238170.118 · Cited by 593
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,000
Son, H., Moon, J., Ha, E. J., Kim, N., Kim, E.-Y., Lee, H. S., Koh, E. J., Phi, J. H., Park, C., Kim, J. E., et al. (2023) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116041 · Cited by 8
Microbial signatures of neonatal bacterial meningitis from multiple body sites
Hou, Y., Zhang, M., Jiang, Q., Yuping, Y., Liu, J., Yuan, K., Sun, Z., & Liu, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1169101 · Cited by 8
Zhang, M., Chen, L., Zhao, H., Qiao, T., Jiang, L., Wang, C., Zhong, X., Li, X., & Xu, Y. Q. (2023) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2023.2265243 · Cited by 8
Laovechprasit, W., Young, K. T., Stacy, B. A., Tillis, S. B., Ossiboff, R. J., Vann, J. A., Subramaniam, K., Agnew, D., Howerth, E. W., Zhang, J., et al. (2023) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid3002.231142 · Cited by 8
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis
Li, W., He, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Bian, T., Liu, T., Liu, X., & Jiang, W. (2024) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb-2023-0177 · Cited by 8
Redd, T. K., Lalitha, P., Prajna, N. V., Sikha, M., Rameshkumar, G., Hinterwirth, A., Chen, C., Zhong, L., Liu, Z., Lietman, T. M., et al. (2021) · Cornea · doi:10.1097/ico.0000000000002766 · Cited by 8
Zhang, X., Jiang, C., & Zhou, C. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06797-y · Cited by 8
Into the unknown: Diagnosing mysterious brain lesions
Kassab, I. A., Isada, C. M., Azar, M. M., Sarsam, N., Jiang, M., Camelo-Piragua, S. I., Kaul, D. R., & Malinis, M. F. (2022) · Transplant Infectious Disease · doi:10.1111/tid.13829 · Cited by 8
Tu, R., Liu, J., Fan, C., Weng, W., Zhang, H., Shu, Y., Wu, X., Hu, Z., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.847219 · Cited by 8
Barsan, V. V., Xia, Y., Klein, D., Gonzalez-Pena, V., Youssef, S. H., Inaba, Y., Mahmud, O., Natarajan, S., Agarwal, V., Pang, Y., et al. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj1360 · Cited by 8
Pathogen profiling of Australian rabbits by metatranscriptomic sequencing
Jenckel, M., Hall, R. N., & Strive, T. (2022) · Transboundary and Emerging Diseases · doi:10.1111/tbed.14609 · Cited by 8
Xie, Y., Ruan, B., Lang, G., & Zhu, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.736064 · Cited by 8
Li, C., Burrell, R., Dale, R. C., Kesson, A. M., Blyth, C. C., Clark, J. E., Crawford, N. W., Jones, C., Britton, P. N., & Holmes, E. C. (2022) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001736 · Cited by 8
Direct Metagenomic Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Meningitis: State of the Art
Morsli, M., Lavigne, J.-P., & Drancourt, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.926240 · Cited by 8
What Should Be the Ideal Definite Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Case Definition?
Sıpahı, O. R. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1179 · Cited by 8
High-throughput, low-cost and rapid DNA sequencing using surface-coating techniquesPreprint
Qin, Y., Koehler, S. A., Zhao, S., Mai, R., Liu, Z., Lü, H., & Xing, C. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.418962 · Cited by 8
Next-Generation Sequencing in Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Kullar, R., Tipton, C. D., File, T. M., Shahi, A., Sniffen, J. C., & Goldstein, E. J. C. (2025) · Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1097/ipc.0000000000001448 · Cited by 7
Chiu, C. Y., Servellita, V., de Lorenzi-Tognon, M., Benoit, P., Sumimoto, N., Foresythe, A., Cerqueira, F. M., Williams‐Bouyer, N., Ren, P., Herrera, L. N., et al. (2025) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid3105.241657 · Cited by 7
Self-citationWang, W., Chen, F., Ye, L., Chen, O., Qing, H., Li, Z., Gan, L., Hu, X. L., Ma, Q., & Jian, X. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000003954 · Cited by 7
The impact of clinical metagenomic testing on patient management: facts versus fantasy
Brown, J. R., Chiu, C. Y., López‐Labrador, F. X., & de Vries, J. J. C. (2026) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00106-4 · Cited by 7
Self-citationContribution of Clinical Metagenomics to the Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Infections
d’Humières, C., Gaïa, N., Gueye, S., LASTOURS, V. D., Leflon‐Guibout, V., Maataoui, N., Duprilot, M., Lecronier, M., Rousseau, M.-A., Gamany, N., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.863777 · Cited by 7
Boruah, A. P., Kroopnick, A., Thakkar, R., Wapniarski, A. E., Kim, C. F., Dugue, R., Harrigan, E., Lipkin, W. I., Mishra, N., & Thakur, K. T. (2023) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-023-01172-w · Cited by 7
Zhao, H., Zhao, Y., Yan, N., Wang, Y., Li, W., Zhao, J., Xu, Y., Tang, H. J., & Liu, X. (2023) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106848 · Cited by 7
Renal abscess complicating acute pyelonephritis in children: Two cases report and literature review
Zhan, Z., Lin, X., Li, G., Zeng, J., Su, D., Liao, J., & Shen, Q. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000036355 · Cited by 7
Zou, S., Chen, Z., Tan, Y., Tan, M., Guo, W., Wu, S., Liu, J., Song, S., Peng, Y., Wang, M., et al. (2024) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1111/hiv.13634 · Cited by 7
Multi-Omics Graph Knowledge Representation for Pneumonia Prognostic Prediction
Xing, W., Li, M., Liu, Y., Liu, X., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Bi, J., Chen, J., Hou, D., Song, Y., et al. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3488735 · Cited by 7
Development of a clinical metagenomics workflow for the diagnosis of wound infections
Halford, C., Le-Viet, T., Edge, K., Russell, P., Moore, N. A., Trim, F., Moragues-Solanas, L., Lukaszewski, R. A., Weller, S. A., & Gilmour, M. W. (2024) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12920-024-02044-w · Cited by 7
Validation of mNGS results using extensive lab and clinical data
Zhang, Z., & Tian, L. (2025) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-025-03908-6 · Cited by 7
Liu, J., Dong, Y., Huang, Y., Xie, M., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Wang, S., Wang, N., Jiang, Y., Zhang, W., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108094 · Cited by 7
Improving the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: good, but not good enough
Cresswell, F. V., Lange, C. G., & van Crevel, R. (2019) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.009 · Cited by 7
Utility of liquid biopsy in diagnosing isolated cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: illustrative case
Arrighi‐Allisan, A. E., Vidaurrazaga, M. M., Chavez, V. B. D., Bryce, C., Rutland, J. W., Paniz‐Mondolfi, A., Sordillo, E. M., Nowak, M. D., Gitman, M., Fuller, R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neurosurgery Case Lessons · doi:10.3171/case21557 · Cited by 7
Li, X., Li, J., Wu, G., Wang, M., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.856512 · Cited by 7
Liu, J., Xu, Z., Li, H., Chen, F., Han, K., Hu, X., Fang, Y., & Chen, D. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02190-21 · Cited by 7
Chen, H., Li, M., Tu, S., Zhang, X., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Guo, Y., & Wang, H. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03792-0 · Cited by 7
Li, D., Gai, W., Zhang, J., Cheng, W., Cui, N., & Wang, H. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.03532-22 · Cited by 7
Encephalitis in adults in the Auckland and Northland regions of New Zealand, 2009 to 2018
Liem, B., Anderson, N. E., Wright, S. L., Anderson, S. C., Donnelly, J., Austin, P., & Steele, R. H. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2022.10.024 · Cited by 7
Recent Developments in Tuberculous Meningitis Pathogenesis and Diagnostics
Cresswell, F. V., Davis, A., Sharma, K., Roy, R. B., Ganiem, A. R., Kagimu, E., Solomons, R., Wilkinson, R. J., Bahr, N. C., & Thương, N. T. T. (2020) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15506.2 · Cited by 7
Nested qPCR assay to detect Babesia duncani infection in hamsters and humans
Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Wang, J., Rashid, I., Wang, X., Liu, X., Yin, H., & Guan, G. (2022) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-022-07685-3 · Cited by 7
#WhyID: Crowdsourcing the Top Reasons to Choose Infectious Diseases in the Age of Twitter
Cutrell, J. B. (2019) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz403 · Cited by 7
Cheng, H. K.-H., Tan, S. K., Sweeney, T. E., Jeganathan, P., Briese, T., Khadka, V. D., Strouts, F. R., Thair, S. A., Dalai, S. C., Hitchcock, M. M., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/854182 · Cited by 7
Xu, K., Jia, J., Duan, Y., Chen, S., Xiao, X., Zhu, F., Wang, X., Gu, Y., Tian, J., & Xue, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1550963 · Cited by 6
Benghanem, S., Pérot, P., Rodriguez, C., Fourgeaud, J., Bouguerra, M., Mathon, B., Seilhean, D., Bielle, F., Plu, I., Jamet, A., et al. (2025) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200558 · Cited by 6
Bay, P., Cappy, P., Rodriguez, C., Mongardon, N., Petit, M., Voiriot, G., Sonneville, R., de Chambrun, M. P., Urbina, T., Pham, T. O., et al. (2026) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-025-05764-2 · Cited by 6
Ma, C., Lu, Y., Zhang, Q., Chen, H., Zhang, Q., Hu, H., Song, Z., Chen, R., & Liu, D. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210725 · Cited by 6
Wang, J., Zhou, H., Dong, Z., Wang, J., Wang, R., & Guan, Y. (2023) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s417787 · Cited by 6
Tian, Y., Duan, Y., Gao, R., Gao, W. D., Xu, S., Wang, S., Li, F., Fang, F., Su, R., Chen, Y., et al. (2024) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000002320 · Cited by 6
Downie, D. L., Rao, P., David-Ferdon, C. F., Courtney, S. C., Lee, J. S., Kugley, S., MacDonald, P. D. M., Barnes, K., Fisher, S., Andreadis, J. D., et al. (2024) · Health Security · doi:10.1089/hs.2023.0100 · Cited by 6
Kuenzli, A. B., Müller, M. D., Z'Graggen, W. J., Walti, L. N., Martin, Y., Lazarevic, V., Schrenzel, J., & Oberli, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1322847 · Cited by 6
Zhang, H., Lu, M., Guo, C., Wang, L., Ye, K., Zhao, Q., Yang, J., Yang, L., & Li, T. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35287 · Cited by 6
Kandathil, A. J., Blair, P. W., Lu, J., Anantharam, R., Kobba, K., Robinson, M. L., Alharthi, S., Ndawula, E. C., Dumler, J. S., Kakooza, F., et al. (2024) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012451 · Cited by 7
Liu, Z., Zhu, X., Zhang, S., Li, D., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Tang, Y., Tong, F., Xu, W., Li, G., et al. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-10037-4 · Cited by 6
Clinical value of heparin-binding protein in adult bacterial intracranial infection
Guan, L., Wang, F., Chen, J., Xu, Y., Zhang, W., & Zhu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1439143 · Cited by 6
Concordance between blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures in meningitis
Phillips, R. J., Watanabe, K. M., Stowell, J. R., & Akhter, M. (2019) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.06.049 · Cited by 6
Spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis in human: a case report
Xu, L., Wang, X., Lei, Z., Zhu, J., Pang, Y., & Liu, J. (2022) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07353-y · Cited by 6
Xu, C., Chen, X.-L., Zhang, D., Wang, J., Yuan, H., Chen, W., Xia, H., Zhang, Z.-Y., & Peng, F. (2022) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i14.4601 · Cited by 6
High-throughput sequencing technologies in metagenomics
Vasudeva, K., Kaur, P., & Munshi, A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96113-4.00005-6 · Cited by 6
Feng, W., Jiang, X., Zhang, R., Guo, Z., & Gao, D. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031130 · Cited by 6
Hao, S., Wang, Y., Li, L. J., Wang, H. Q., Song, J., Wu, Y. H., Qü, W., Wang, G. J., Wang, X. M., Liu, H., et al. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.09.009 · Cited by 6
Zhang, X., Qin, Y., Lei, W., & Huang, J.-A. (2023) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2023.11877 · Cited by 6
Koh, W. L. C., Poh, S. E., Lee, C. K., Chan, T. H. M., Yan, G. Z., Kong, K. W., Lau, L., Lee, W. Y. T., Cheng, C., Hoon, S. S., et al. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10050520 · Cited by 6
Neurocysticercosis: diagnosis via metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Pedrosa, D. A., Fernandes, G. B. P., Godoy, L. F. D. S., Felicio, A. C., Pinho, J. R., Doi, A. M., & Gleizer, R. D. A. (2023) · Practical Neurology · doi:10.1136/pn-2023-003795 · Cited by 6
Clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in fever of undetermined origin
Daher, M., Iordanov, R. B., Mohajer, M. A., Sohail, M. R., Staggers, K. A., & Hamdi, A. M. (2024) · Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease · doi:10.1177/20499361241244969 · Cited by 6
Streptococcus suis meningitis in China: a case report
Liu, T., Liu, H., & Jia, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369703 · Cited by 6
Zhao, C., & Liu, Z. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09473-z · Cited by 6
Infectious ocular motor neuropathies
Gluckstein, J. A., & Prasad, S. (2019) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0000000000000615 · Cited by 6
Zhang, Z., Liu, D., Wang, D., & Wu, Q. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13010065 · Cited by 6
Chen, W., Wu, Y. H., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.905350 · Cited by 6
Jiang, J., Yang, W. C., Wu, Y., Peng, W., Zhang, W., Pan, P., Hu, C., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.963611 · Cited by 6
Cao, X.-G., Yu, C.-W., Zhou, S., Huang, Y., & Wang, C.-Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.656066 · Cited by 6
Brain biopsy and metagenomic sequencing enhance aetiological diagnosis of encephalitis
Sakiyama, Y., Yuan, J., Yoshimura, A., Takeuchi, M., Maki, Y., Mori, T., Takei, J., Ando, M., Hiramatsu, Y., Nozuma, S., et al. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf165 · Cited by 5
Cao, X.-G., Zhu, X.-F., Zha, Y., Wang, C., Shao, M., Meng, H.-D., & Huang, C.-J. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1612628 · Cited by 5
Akdas, R., Schalk, E., Stemler, J., Schwartz, S., Meyding‐Lamadé, U., Panse, J., Krüger, W., Rohde, H., Ruhnke, M., Christopeit, M., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2025.116103 · Cited by 5
Zhao, Y., He, X., Han, Z., Guo, F., Xie, F., Lin, Z., Chen, L., Song, X., Luo, W., Liu, F., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108302 · Cited by 5
Feng, Q., Liu, B., Liu, H., Fan, Y., Gao, S., Zhang, J., Kuang, Y., Wang, W., Liang, H., Qiu, Y., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1689253 · Cited by 5
Sun, Y. C., Guo, K., Tang, J., Zhao, J., Zhang, X., Yan, Y., Yuan, L., Zhang, Y., Qiu, C., Luo, J., et al. (2026) · Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials · doi:10.1186/s12941-026-00848-5 · Cited by 5
Schmidt-Hieber, M., Ljungman, P. T., Gilbert, P., Knelange, N. S., Drozd-Sokolowska, J. E., Basak, G. W., Einsele, H., Tridello, G., Abdeljelil, N. B., Kulagin, A., et al. (2026) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.103792 · Cited by 5
Bacterial ribosomal RNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid using a viromics approach
Kinsella, C. M., Edridge, A. W. D., van Zeggeren, I. E., Deijs, M., van de Beek, D., Brouwer, M. C., & van der Hoek, L. (2022) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-022-00400-5 · Cited by 5
Mathias, M. B., de Menezes, F. G., Fernandes, G. B. P., Paes, V. R., Silva, G. S., Braga‐Neto, P., Barbosa, A. A., de Oliveira, A. C. P., Baccin, C. E., & Dutra, L. A. (2023) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200167 · Cited by 5
Pan, X., Zhang, Y., & Chen, G. (2023) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2023.2247299 · Cited by 5
Preanalytical Challenges of Molecular Microbiology Tests
Misra, A., & Powell, E. A. (2023) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2023.10.007 · Cited by 5
Yang, L., Wang, K., Li, Y., Li, W., & Liu, D. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00586-23 · Cited by 6
Osborn, L. J., Fissel, J. A., Gomez, S., Mestas, J., Flores-Vazquez, J., Lee, J., Hakimjavadi, H., Costales, C., & Bard, J. D. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01749-23 · Cited by 5
Zhang, P., Lu, Z., Cao, L., Fu, L., Hu, C., & Sun, Y. (2024) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2024.07.036 · Cited by 5
Ci, X., Zhang, J., Lu, J., Qi, X., Ma, Y., Liu, W., & Shi, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1554954 · Cited by 5
Aseptic meningitis: a foundation review
Allos, H., & Hasbun, R. (2025) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000001105 · Cited by 7
Wang, W., Yan, C., & Xue, Q. (2025) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2025.0009 · Cited by 5
Xu, C., Lin, R., Bai, Y., Han, Y., Hu, J., Hu, J., Hu, Y., Huang, F., Huang, X., Ji, C., et al. (2025) · Blood Science · doi:10.1097/bs9.0000000000000241 · Cited by 5
Updates in Molecular Diagnostics in Solid Organ Transplantation Recipients
Everhart, J. E., & Henshaw, N. G. (2023) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2023.04.002 · Cited by 5
Fan, S., He, X., Zhu, Z., Chen, L., Zou, Y., Chen, Z., Yu, J., Chen, W., Guan, H., & Ma, J. (2023) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01047-x · Cited by 5
Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., & Tuo, H. (2024) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims-23-1404 · Cited by 5
Jitvaropas, R., Sawaswong, V., Poovorawan, Y., Auysawasdi, N., Vuthitanachot, V., Wongwairot, S., Rodkvamtook, W., Lindroth, E. J., Payungporn, S., & Linsuwanon, P. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16040630 · Cited by 5
Shrestha, R., Katuwal, N., Tamrakar, D., Tato, C. M., Vanaerschot, M., Ahyong, V., Gil, J., Kumar, M. S., Binod, G., & Runa, J. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09628-y · Cited by 5
The multidimensional nature of metagenomics drives interdisciplinary diagnostics
de Vries, J. J. C. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103694 · Cited by 5
Metagenomic sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid from children with meningitis
Grose, C. F. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104287 · Cited by 5
Metagenomic search of viral coinfections in herpes simplex encephalitis patients
Perlejewski, K., Radkowski, M., Rydzanicz, M., Dzieciątkowski, T., Silling, S., Wieczorek, M., Makowiecki, M., Horban, A., & Laskus, T. (2023) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-023-01157-9 · Cited by 5
Meningitis in neonate caused by Mycoplasma hominis: A case report
Xi, M., Cui, S., Zhong, Y.-L., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Zhu, S.-Y., He, C.-L., & Xiong, F. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23489 · Cited by 5
Matthews, E., Diaz‐Arias, L. A., Beekmann, S. E., Polgreen, P. M., Waldrop, G. E., Yang, V., Rimmer, K., Venkatesan, A., & Thakur, K. T. (2020) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa163 · Cited by 5
Vitalhistologische Untersuchungen an Mikroblutungen umschriebener Hautbezirke
Ehring, F. (1962) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1655461 · Cited by 5
Mathon, B., de Chambrun, M. P., Joncour, A. L., & Amelot, A. (2020) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2020.7.peds20619 · Cited by 5
Host-Microbe Metagenomics: a Lens To Refocus Our Perspective on Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases
Kalantar, K., & Langelier, C. (2021) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00404-21 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilson, M. R., Sample, H. A., Zorn, K. C., Arevalo, S., Yu, G., Neuhaus, J., Federman, S., Stryke, D., Briggs, B., Langelier, C., Berger, A., Douglas, V., Josephson, S. A., Chow, F. C., Fulton, B. D., DeRisi, J. L., Gelfand, J. M., Naccache, S. N., Bender, J., Dien Bard, J., Murkey, J., Carlson, M., Vespa, P. M., Vijayan, T., Allyn, P. R., Campeau, S., Humphries, R. M., Klausner, J. D., Ganzon, C. D., Memar, F., Ocampo, N. A., Zimmermann, L. L., Cohen, S. H., Polage, C. R., DeBiasi, R. L., Haller, B., Dallas, R., Maron, G., Hayden, R., Messacar, K., Dominguez, S. R., Miller, S., & Chiu, C. Y.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (US)
- From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.W., V.D., S.A.J., F.C.C., J.M.G.), Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.A.S., K.C.Z., J.L.D.), Laboratory Medicine (S.A., G.Y., S.F., D.S., B.B., B.H., S.M., C.Y.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.N.), the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases (C.L., C.Y.C.), the Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine (A.B.), and Weill Institute for Neurosciences (M.R.W., V.D., S.A.J., F.C.C., J.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco ...
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Children's National (US)
- San Francisco General Hospital (US)
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Wilson, Michael R.
- Sample, Hannah A.
- Zorn, Kelsey C.
- Yu, Guixia
- Neuhaus, John
- Federman, Scot
- Briggs, Benjamin
- Langelier, Charles
- Douglas, Vanja
- Josephson, S. Andrew
- Chow, Felicia C.
- Fulton, Brent D.
- DeRisi, Joseph L.
- Gelfand, Jeffrey M.
- Naccache, Samia N.
- Bender, Jeffrey
- Murkey, Jamie
- Vijayan, Tara
- Allyn, Paul R.
- Humphries, Romney M.
- Klausner, Jeffrey D.
- Cohen, Stuart H.
- Polage, Christopher R.
- DeBiasi, Roberta L.
- Dallas, Ronald
- Hayden, Randall
- Messacar, Kevin
- Dominguez, Samuel R.
- Miller, Steve
- Chiu, Charles Y.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2019-06-13
- Volume
- 380
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 2327-2340
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC6764751
- OpenAlex
- W2953017819
- Cited by
- 1,067
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 148 · 2025: 152 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 151 · 2022: 164 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 39
- FWCI
- 83.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K08NS096117)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL105704, U54HL119893)
- California Initiative to Advance Precision Medicine
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000004)
- Bowes Foundation
- Charles and Helen Schwab Foundation
- Sandler Foundation
- Rachleff Family Endowment
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub
- George and Judy Marcus Innovation Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Keywords
- metagenomic sequencing, cerebrospinal fluid, infectious meningitis, encephalitis, neuroinvasive infection, pathogen detection, clinical microbiology, telemedicine, physician feedback, pediatric patients, intensive care unit admission
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Child, Child, Preschool, Encephalitis, Female, Humans, Infant, Infections, Length of Stay, Male, Meningitis, Meningoencephalitis, Middle Aged, Myelitis, Prospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Young Adult, Metagenomics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genome, Microbial
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
