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Two Phase 3 Trials of Inclisiran in Patients with Elevated LDL Cholesterol
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Inclisiran inhibits hepatic synthesis of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9. Previous studies suggest that inclisiran might provide sustained reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels with infrequent dosing. METHODS: We enrolled patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ORION-10 trial) and patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk equivalent (ORION-11 trial) who had elevated LDL cholesterol levels despite receiving statin therapy at the maximum tolerated dose. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either inclisiran (284 mg) or placebo, administered by subcutaneous injection on day 1, day 90, and every 6 months thereafter over a period of 540 days. The coprimary end points in each trial were the placebo-corrected percentage change in LDL cholesterol level from baseline to day 510 and the time-adjusted percentage change in LDL cholesterol level from baseline after day 90 and up to day 540. RESULTS: A total of 1561 and 1617 patients underwent randomization in the ORION-10 and ORION-11 trials, respectively. Mean (±SD) LDL cholesterol levels at baseline were 104.7±38.3 mg per deciliter (2.71±0.99 mmol per liter) and 105.5±39.1 mg per deciliter (2.73±1.01 mmol per liter), respectively. At day 510, inclisiran reduced LDL cholesterol levels by 52.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.8 to 55.7) in the ORION-10 trial and by 49.9% (95% CI, 46.6 to 53.1) in the ORION-11 trial, with corresponding time-adjusted reductions of 53.8% (95% CI, 51.3 to 56.2) and 49.2% (95% CI, 46.8 to 51.6) (P<0.001 for all comparisons vs. placebo). Adverse events were generally similar in the inclisiran and placebo groups in each trial, although injection-site adverse events were more frequent with inclisiran than with placebo (2.6% vs. 0.9% in the ORION-10 trial and 4.7% vs. 0.5% in the ORION-11 trial); such reactions were generally mild, and none were severe or persistent. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in LDL cholesterol levels of approximately 50% were obtained with inclisiran, administered subcutaneously every 6 months. More injection-site adverse events occurred with inclisiran than with placebo. (Funded by the Medicines Company; ORION-10 and ORION-11 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT03399370 and NCT03400800.).
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“Randomized controlled trials, including the VICTORION-Mono and VICTORION-Difference trials, as well as ORION -10, -11, and other Phase III trials, have consistently demonstrated that inclisiran reduces LDL-C compared with placebo in primary and secondary prevention settings.5, 6, 7”
From Small Interfering RNA for LDL-Cholesterol Reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The trials showed that patients achieved LDL-C decreases of 52.3% and 49.9% at Day 510 [44].”
From Inclisiran SiRNA therapy for durable LDL-C reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis highlighting a breakthrough in long-term cardiovascular risk management (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The ORION-10 and ORION-11 trials achieved LDL-C reductions greater than 50% among their participants [44].”
From Inclisiran SiRNA therapy for durable LDL-C reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis highlighting a breakthrough in long-term cardiovascular risk management (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The initial injections of inclisiran at Day 1 and 90 followed by biannual maintenance resulted in a long-term average LDL-C reduction of − 44% to − 48% across ORION-1 and ORION-10 and ORION-11 [25, 44].”
From Inclisiran SiRNA therapy for durable LDL-C reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis highlighting a breakthrough in long-term cardiovascular risk management (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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“Clinical observations demonstrate that numerous patients stop taking their daily statin medications or PCSK9 antibody injections irregularly which reduces their ability to prevent cardiovascular diseases [44, 80].”
From Inclisiran SiRNA therapy for durable LDL-C reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis highlighting a breakthrough in long-term cardiovascular risk management (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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“Accordingly, PCSK9 siRNA and monoclonal antibodies blocking the PCSK9/LDLR interaction potently lower LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events (Sabatine et al., 2017; Schwartz et al., 2018; Ray et al., 2020).”
From PCSK9 deficiency alters brain lipid composition without affecting brain development and function (2023) · cites this paper as Ray et al., 2020
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“Accordingly, PCSK9 inhibitory antibodies and siRNA potently reduce LDL cholesterol to unprecedented low levels and are approved for treatment of hypercholesterolemia.”
From PCSK9 deficiency alters brain lipid composition without affecting brain development and function (2023) · cites this paper as Ray et al., 2020
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“targeted PCSK9 inhibition restores hepatic LDLR levels, decreases plasma LDL-C levels and improves cardiovascular outcomes.7,9–11”
From Sirtuin-1 directly binds and deacetylates hepatic PCSK9 thereby promoting the inhibition of LDL receptor degradation (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
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In the citing paper
“The phase 3 ORION-10 and ORION-11 trials evaluated inclisiran compared with placebo across a total of 1561 and 1617 patients with atherosclerosis or an atherosclerotic CVD risk-equivalent, respectively [137]. Compared with placebo, inclisiran reduced LDL-C levels by − 52% and − 50%, respectively.”
From Established and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [137]
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“In addition to monoclonal antibodies that sequester PCSK9 in the circulation and are now prescribed to patients, the small-interfering RNA inclisiran that targets PCSK9 hepatic production has recently been approved, following reports of substantial LDL lowering [50% reduction (95% confidence interval 47–53)] with this drug (11).”
From PCSK9 and the nervous system: a no-brainer? (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
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“In addition to the monoclonal antibodies, an siRNA, inclisiran, which also targets PSCK9, has demonstrated the ability to reduce LDL cholesterol by 49-52% in trials evaluating individuals with established cardiovascular disease or ASCVD risk equivalent (129).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [129]
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In the citing paper
“In addition to the monoclonal antibodies, an siRNA, inclisiran, which also targets PSCK9 and is referred to as a PCSK9 siRNA in this section, has demonstrated the ability to reduce LDL cholesterol by 49–52% in trials evaluating individuals with established CVD or ASCVD risk equivalent (123).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [123]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Inclisiran was noted to decrease LDL by ∼50% in the ORION trials [20]”
From Oral PCSK9 inhibitors for elevated LDL-C: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
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In the citing paper
“The analysis of 11 RCTs for quantitative synthesis included more than 13,000 participants showed inclisiran produces significant LDL-C reduction versus placebo treatment [24, 25, 38–44, 46, 49].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Large-scale research including well-powered trials such as ORION 10 and ORION 11 demonstrates that Inclisiran shows strong potential as a potent lipid-lowering agent [44].”
In the citing paper
“Patients on statins with high LDL-C levels and ASCVD or at least one ASCVD risk equivalent were included in the two phase 3 trials ORION-10 and ORION-11 (Inclisiran for Participants With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Elevated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol), and obtained a further 50% reduction of LDL-C with inclisiran.278”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [278]
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Nankivell, V. A., Vidanapathirana, A. K., Hoogendoorn, A., Tan, J. T. M., Verjans, J. W. H., Psaltis, P. J., Hutchinson, M. R., Gibson, B. C., Lu, Y., Goldys, E. M., et al. (2024) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvae099 · Cited by 44
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Kam, N., Perera, K., Zomer, E., Liew, D., & Ademi, Z. (2020) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-020-00948-w · Cited by 42
Donato, M., Ferri, N., Lupo, M. G., Faggin, E., & Rattazzi, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21218263 · Cited by 44
Reprogramming of mitochondrial proline metabolism promotes liver tumorigenesis
Ding, Z., Ericksen, R. E., Lee, Q. Y., & Han, W. (2021) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-021-02961-5 · Cited by 43
Lp(a): a New Pathway to Target?
Nurmohamed, N. S., Kraaijenhof, J. M., & Stroes, E. S. G. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01060-4 · Cited by 43
Clearance of plasma PCSK9 via the asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated by heterobifunctional ligands
Bagdanoff, J. T., Smith, T. M., Allan, M., O’Donnell, P. H., Nguyen, Z., Moore, E. A., Baird, J., Wang, S., Subramanian, V., Tigani, B., et al. (2023) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.12.003 · Cited by 42
Katzmann, J. L., Cupido, A. J., & Laufs, U. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12010070 · Cited by 41
Kumar, M., Orkaby, A. R., Tighe, C. A., Villareal, D. T., Billingsley, H., Nanna, M. G., Kwak, M. J., Rohant, N., Patel, S., Goyal, P., et al. (2023) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100560 · Cited by 46
Therapeutic Oligonucleotides: An Outlook on Chemical Strategies to Improve Endosomal Trafficking
Mangla, P., Vicentini, Q., & Biscans, A. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12182253 · Cited by 44
Williams, K. J. (2023) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.123.320065 · Cited by 41
PCSK9 inhibitors: current status and emerging frontiers in lipid control
Agnello, F. G., Mauro, M. S., Rochira, C., Landolina, D., Finocchiaro, S., Greco, A., Ammirabile, N., Raffo, C., Mazzone, P. M., Spagnolo, M., et al. (2023) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2023.2288169 · Cited by 43
Драгановна, Т. Е., Shilovskiy, I. P., & Khaitov, M. R. (2023) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297923110111 · Cited by 39
Ilahibaks, N. F., Kluiver, T. A., de Jong, O. G., de Jager, S. C. A., Schiffelers, R. M., Vader, P., Peng, W. C., Lei, Z., & Sluijter, J. P. G. (2024) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12389 · Cited by 42
Novel and Emerging LDL-C Lowering Strategies: A New Era of Dyslipidemia Management
Agnello, F., Ingala, S., Laterra, G., Scalia, L., & Barbanti, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13051251 · Cited by 39
Ebenezer, O., Comoglio, P., Wong, G. K.-S., & Tuszynski, J. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24044019 · Cited by 39
Lipid lowering with inclisiran: a real-world single-centre experience
Padam, P., Barton, L., Wilson, S., David, A., Walji, S., de Lorenzo, F., Ray, K. K., Jones, B., & Cegla, J. (2022) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2022-002184 · Cited by 41
Self-citationHarnessing molecular recognition for localized drug delivery
Liu, R., Zuo, R., & Hudalla, G. A. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.008 · Cited by 37
Pachamuthu, K., Mori, S., Matsuda, S., Erande, N. D., Datta, D., Willoughby, J. L. S., Taneja, N., O′Shea, J., Bisbe, A., Manoharan, R. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01337 · Cited by 41
Emergence of Small Interfering RNA-Based Gene Drugs for Various Diseases
Kurakula, H., Vaishnavi, S., Sharif, M. Y., & Ellipilli, S. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c01703 · Cited by 41
Raygor, V., & Khera, A. (2020) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01331-z · Cited by 39
siRNA drug Leqvio (inclisiran) to lower cholesterol
Migliorati, J. M., Jin, J., & Zhong, X. (2022) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2022.02.003 · Cited by 39
Harnessing RNA Interference for Cholesterol Lowering: The Bench‐to‐Bedside Story of Inclisiran
Wilkinson, M. J., Bajaj, A., Brousseau, M. E., & Taub, P. R. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.032031 · Cited by 37
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Peyot, M., Roubtsova, A., Lussier, R., Chamberland, A., Essalmani, R., Madiraju, S. R. M., Seidah, N. G., Prentki, M., & Prat, A. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158968 · Cited by 39
Luo, Z., Huang, Z., Sun, F., Guo, F., Wang, Y., Kao, S., Yang, G., Huang, J., Li, J., Zhao, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2023.04.010 · Cited by 38
Reijman, M. D., Schweizer, A., Peterson, A. L. H., Bruckert, E., Stratz, C., Defesche, J. C., Hegele, R. A., & Wiegman, A. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac025 · Cited by 37
Surf4, cargo trafficking, lipid metabolism, and therapeutic implications
Shen, Y., Gu, H.-M., Qin, S., & Zhang, D. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjac063 · Cited by 37
Advancements in Serine Protease Inhibitors: From Mechanistic Insights to Clinical Applications
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Genetic Inhibition ofPCSK9and Liver Function
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Inhibitory Antibodies against PCSK9 Reduce Surface CD36 and Mitigate Diet-Induced Renal Lipotoxicity
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Small interfering ribonucleic acid for cholesterol lowering – Inclisiran
Soffer, D. E., Stoekenbroek, R. M., & Plakogiannis, R. (2022) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2022.06.009 · Cited by 37
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PCSK9 and the nervous system: a no-brainer?
Jaafar, A. K., Techer, R., Chemello, K., Lambert, G., & Bourane, S. (2023) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100426 · Cited by 35
“monoclonal antibodies that sequester PCSK9 in the circulation and are now prescribed to patients, the small-interfering RNA inclisiran that targets PCSK9 hepatic production has recently been approved, following reports of substantial LDL lowering [50% reduction (95% confidence interval 47–53)] with this drug (11).”
BackgroundNovel Pharmacological Approaches in the Treatment of Hypertension: A Focus on RNA-Based Therapeutics
Addison, M., Ranasinghe, P. D., & Webb, D. J. (2023) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19430 · Cited by 37
Lipid lowering for prevention of venous thromboembolism: a network meta-analysis
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The emerging landscape of peptide-based inhibitors of PCSK9
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Recent Advances in Gene Therapy for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Update Review
Fu, Q., Hu, L., Shen, T., Yang, R., & Jiang, L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11226773 · Cited by 41
Köenig, W., Conde, L. G., Landmesser, U., Leiter, L. A., Ray, K. K., Schwartz, G. G., Wright, R. S., Han, J., & Raal, F. J. (2022) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-022-07413-0 · Cited by 37
Self-citationLipid-Lowering Drug Therapy: Critical Approach for Implementation in Clinical Practice
Rossi, M., Fabris, E., Barbisan, D., Massa, L., & Sinagra, G. (2021) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-021-00497-3 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Ray, K. K., Wright, R. S., Kallend, D., Koenig, W., Leiter, L. A., Raal, F. J., Bisch, J. A., Richardson, T., Jaros, M., Wijngaard, P. L. J., & Kastelein, J. J. P.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- From the Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London (K.K.R.); the Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.S.W.); the Medicines Company, Zurich, Switzerland (D.K.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, and the Institute of...
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-04-16
- Volume
- 382
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 1507-1519
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3012265841
- Semantic Scholar
- 0c86cfdc39f60ff6dc8854a281c1b95f32bdc692
- Cited by
- 1,665
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 296 · 2025: 290 · 2024: 289 · 2023: 273 · 2022: 231 · 2021: 193 · 2020: 87
- FWCI
- 183.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- The Medicines Company
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- inclisiran, PCSK9 inhibition, LDL cholesterol lowering, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, statin therapy, injection-site adverse events, hypercholesterolemia, lipid-lowering therapy, adverse events, drug safety and efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Proprotein Convertase 9, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticholesteremic Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Injections, Subcutaneous, Cholesterol, LDL, Liver Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, RNA, Small Interfering
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