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Colchicine in Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence from a recent trial has shown that the antiinflammatory effects of colchicine reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with recent myocardial infarction, but evidence of such a risk reduction in patients with chronic coronary disease is limited. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, we assigned patients with chronic coronary disease to receive 0.5 mg of colchicine once daily or matching placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, spontaneous (nonprocedural) myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or ischemia-driven coronary revascularization. The key secondary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, spontaneous myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke. RESULTS: A total of 5522 patients underwent randomization; 2762 were assigned to the colchicine group and 2760 to the placebo group. The median duration of follow-up was 28.6 months. A primary end-point event occurred in 187 patients (6.8%) in the colchicine group and in 264 patients (9.6%) in the placebo group (incidence, 2.5 vs. 3.6 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.83; P<0.001). A key secondary end-point event occurred in 115 patients (4.2%) in the colchicine group and in 157 patients (5.7%) in the placebo group (incidence, 1.5 vs. 2.1 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.92; P = 0.007). The incidence rates of spontaneous myocardial infarction or ischemia-driven coronary revascularization (composite end point), cardiovascular death or spontaneous myocardial infarction (composite end point), ischemia-driven coronary revascularization, and spontaneous myocardial infarction were also significantly lower with colchicine than with placebo. The incidence of death from noncardiovascular causes was higher in the colchicine group than in the placebo group (incidence, 0.7 vs. 0.5 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.31). CONCLUSIONS: In a randomized trial involving patients with chronic coronary disease, the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly lower among those who received 0.5 mg of colchicine once daily than among those who received placebo. (Funded by the National Health Medical Research Council of Australia and others; LoDoCo2 Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12614000093684.).
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“The efficacy of GLP-1 medications is consistent with actions of other antiinflammatory agents, such as IL-1 antagonists and colchicine, in reducing cardiovascular events (63, 64).”
From Antiinflammatory actions of glucagon-like peptide-1–based therapies beyond metabolic benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
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“The CTTC analysis reported that the benefits of lowering LDL-C level were consistent across a wide spectrum of baseline risk varying from less than 5% to 30% or greater.”
From Bempedoic Acid for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Intolerant Patients (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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“The CTTC analysis showed a 22% reduction in major coronary events for each 38.7-mg/dL (1-mmol/L) decrease in LDL-C level and a 15% reduction in vascular death.”
From Bempedoic Acid for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Intolerant Patients (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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IRF5 siRNA Nanoimmunotherapy: Restoring Macrophage Efferocytosis in Atherosclerosis
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BackgroundInfluentialDiabetes- versus smoking-related thrombo-inflammation in peripheral artery disease
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Review of Current Management of Myocardial Infarction
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Cellular Senescence, Inflammaging and Cardiovascular Disease
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BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe role and transformative potential of IL-19 in atherosclerosis
Chen, W., Xing, J., Liu, X., Wang, S., & Xing, D. (2021) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.09.001 · Cited by 23
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“In addition, a randomized-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of colchicine in chronic coronary disease did not reveal difference in efficacy between males and females.(38) Therefore, female gout patients, who have higher rates of predisposing comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus than male pati…”
BackgroundMetabolomics of Arterial Stiffness
Paapstel, K., & Kals, J. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12050370 · Cited by 23
“Recent large-scale RCTs have partially addressed residual inflammatory CV risk by targeting tubuline polymerization [1,2] and neutralizing interleukin-1β [3] and interleukin-6 [4].”
BackgroundTufaro, V., Serruys, P. W. J. C., Räber, L., Bennett, M. R., Torii, R., Gu, S. Z., Onuma, Y., Mathur, A., Baumbach, A., & Bourantas, C. V. (2022) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac051 · Cited by 22
Immune Cell Activation in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease
Garcia, J. N., Wanjalla, C. N., Mashayekhi, M., & Hasty, A. H. (2022) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-022-01222-4 · Cited by 25
Goodchild, T. T., Li, Z., & Lefer, D. J. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci165868 · Cited by 22
“Recent, large-scale clinical trials of antiinflammatory therapy for atherosclerosis (4, 5) showed clinical benefit in reducing cardiovascular events, though the increase in infections noted in these trials will require a more targeted approach to antiinflammatory therapy.”
BackgroundSilverio, A., Cancro, F. P., Esposito, L., Bellino, M., D’Elia, D., Verdoia, M., Vassallo, M. G., Ciccarelli, M., Vecchione, C., Galasso, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12062161 · Cited by 29
“Anti-inflammatory therapies have been proposed as potential game changers in the future management of patients with established ASCVD, and NLRP3 inflammasome and its products could be targets for future drugs.”
BackgroundInfluentialEmpagliflozin Reduces Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Heart Failure
Gotzmann, M., Henk, P., Stervbo, U., Blazquez‐Navarro, A., Mügge, A., Babel, N., & Westhoff, T. H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12134458 · Cited by 21
“In recent years, there have been prospective randomized trials demonstrating that anti-inflammatory therapy leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease [19,20].”
BackgroundHDAC9 Inhibition as a Novel Treatment for Stroke
Markus, H. S. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.123.044862 · Cited by 24
Akl, E., Sahami, N., Labos, C., Genest, J. J., Zgheib, A., Piazza, N., & Jolly, S. S. (2024) · Journal of Interventional Cardiology · doi:10.1155/2024/8646351 · Cited by 24
“[10, 24].”
BackgroundNew pharmacological agents and novel cardiovascular pharmacotherapy strategies in 2023
Tamargo, J. L., Agewall, S., Borghi, C., Ceconi, C., Cerbai, E., Dan, G. A., Ferdinándy, P., Grove, E. L., Rocca, B., Magavern, E. F., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae013 · Cited by 25
“Anti-inflammatory Therapies in Atherosclerosis – Where are we going?”
Punnanithinont, N., Kambalapalli, S., Iskander, B., Ichikawa, K., Krishnan, S., Lakshmanan, S., Roy, S. K., & Budoff, M. J. (2024) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-024-01267-7 · Cited by 24
“(HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.57–0.83, p 0.001) [30].”
InfluentialHays, A. G., Schär, M., Barditch‐Crovo, P., Bagchi, S., Bonanno, G., Meyer, J., Afework, Y., Streeb, V., Stradley, S., Kelly, S., et al. (2021) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002845 · Cited by 23
“001) but increased the risk of death from non-cardiovascular causes [28].”
BackgroundSamuel, M., & Tardif, J. (2021) · Future Cardiology · doi:10.2217/fca-2021-0027 · Cited by 23
Adipose tissue lymphocytes and obesity
Gao, F., Litchfield, B., & Wu, H. (2023) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging · doi:10.20517/jca.2023.38 · Cited by 22
“Several large clinical trials have shown the efficacy of therapies targeting inflammation in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases over the past few years [111–113] .”
BackgroundMoving from lipids to leukocytes: inflammation and immune cells in atherosclerosis
Annink, M. E., Kraaijenhof, J. M., Stroes, E. S. G., & Kroon, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1446758 · Cited by 22
“Similar results were obtained using low doses of the anti-in fl ammatory drug colchicine (Nidorf et al., 2020).”
ResultMohammadnia, N., van Broekhoven, A., Bax, W. A., Eikelboom, J. W., Mosterd, A., Fiolet, A. T. L., Tijssen, J. G. P., Thompson, P. L., de Kleijn, D. P. V., Tsimikas, S., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae355 · Cited by 21
Self-citationHofbauer, T. M., Mangold, A., Ondracek, A. S., Panzenboeck, A., Scherz, T., Müller, J., Distelmaier, K., Seidl, V., Kastl, S., Müller‐Nurasyid, M., et al. (2021) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-021-00864-w · Cited by 22
“Recent large-scale studies employing colchicine, an inhibitor of NET formation [41] lowering event rates after MI [44] and in chronic coronary artery disease [37] lend support to this idea.”
BackgroundAnti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapies in Atherosclerosis
Deroissart, J., Porsch, F., Köller, T., & Binder, C. J. (2021) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2021_505 · Cited by 24
“However, an increase in death from non-cardiovascular diseases was observed in the colchicine treated group, which further justifies the need for more targeted therapies that limit undesirable side effects (Nidorf et al. 2019, 2020; Pradhan 2021).”
BackgroundCausal Associations of Urate With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization
Lukkunaprasit, T., Rattanasiri, S., Ongphiphadhanakul, B., McKay, G. J., Attia, J., & Thakkinstian, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.687279 · Cited by 21
Pepe, M., Napoli, G., Carulli, E., Moscarelli, M., Forleo, C., Nestola, P. L., Biondi‐Zoccai, G., Giordano, A., & Favale, S. (2021) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.007 · Cited by 23
Repurposing Colchicine for Heart Disease
Bouabdallaoui, N., & Tardif, J. (2021) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052120-020445 · Cited by 22
Colchicine — From rheumatology to the new kid on the block: Coronary syndromes and COVID-19
Surma, S., Basiak, M., Romańczyk, M., Filipiak, K. J., & Okopień, B. (2021) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.a2021.0123 · Cited by 21
“[31] and involving 5522 patients with chronic coronary disease, the effectiveness of colchicine administration on the risk of cardiovascular events was analyzed.”
BackgroundInflammation as a Mechanism and Therapeutic Target in Peripheral Artery Disease
Chan, N., Xu, K., de Vries, T. A. C., Eikelboom, J. W., & Hirsh, J. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2022.01.026 · Cited by 22
Self-citationResolution-promoting autacoids demonstrate promising cardioprotective effects against heart diseases
Hiram, R. (2022) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-022-07230-6 · Cited by 24
Pan, Z., Cheng, J., Yang, W., Chen, L., & Wang, J. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175068 · Cited by 21
van Broekhoven, A., Mohammadnia, N., Silvis, M. J. M., Los, J., Fiolet, A. T. L., Opstal, T. S. J., Mosterd, A., Eikelboom, J. W., Nidorf, S. M., Budgeon, C. A., et al. (2022) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-022-01209-8 · Cited by 21
“In Dutch patients enrolled in the LoDoCo2 study, myalgia was more commonly reported in participants taking colchicine compared with placebo [2], but in most cases was mild and did not lead to permanent discontinuation.”
BackgroundMethodResultSelf-citationGreco, A., Finocchiaro, S., Angiolillo, D. J., & Capodanno, D. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2023.2171788 · Cited by 22
“Trials investigating colchicine in stable coronary artery disease patients showed significant reductions in ischemic events; however, there were signals for increased non-cardiovascular death with colchicine [123, 124].”
BackgroundKim, S. H., Lee, K. Y., & Chang, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24065556 · Cited by 21
Insights into the Role of Inflammation in the Management of Atherosclerosis
Rocha, V. Z., Rached, F. H., & Miname, M. H. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s276982 · Cited by 22
“By showing that use of Canakinumab, an anti-inflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) immunity pathway, resulted in a significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular events compared to placebo, CANTOS provided solid proof on the role of inflammation in the management of atherosclerotic disease(6) and p…”
BackgroundResultYu, Y., Zhou, M., Long, X., Yin, S., Hu, G., Yang, X., Jian, W., & Yu, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1147360 · Cited by 24
“, 2020), significantly reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with CAD (Nidorf et al., 2020; Kurup et al., 2021), and is expected to be a new drug for second-level prevention of CAD (Roubille and Tardif, 2020; Slomski, 2020).”
BackgroundInflammation and cholesterol at the crossroads of vascular risk
Verma, S., Mazer, C. D., & Connelly, K. A. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.011 · Cited by 21
Chen, T., Liu, G., & Yu, B. (2023) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-023-02254-9 · Cited by 23
“On the contrary, several recent large-scale RCTs including LoDoCo, LoDoCo2, and COLCOT have confirmed that colchicine is effective in the treatment of CAD [17–19].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialJia, X., Rifai, M. A., Hussain, A., Martin, S. S., Agarwala, A., & Virani, S. S. (2020) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-020-00895-z · Cited by 22
McEwan, T., & Robinson, P. C. (2020) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.11.007 · Cited by 21
“05) Nirdorf, et al.[40] Chronic coronary disease Colchicine, 0.”
BackgroundChoi, H. K., Neogi, T., Stamp, L. K., Terkeltaub, R. A., & Dalbeth, N. (2021) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.41638 · Cited by 21
“Given the cardiovascularprotective effect of lowdose colchicine (6,7), these participants could have experienced the cardiovascular benefits, at least while exposed to colchicine.”
BackgroundBrambilla, M., Becchetti, A., Rovati, G. E., Cosentino, N., Conti, M., Canzano, P., Giesen, P. L. A., Loffreda, A., Bonomi, A., Cattaneo, M., et al. (2023) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.123.319099 · Cited by 20
Plasma C-reactive protein is associated with a pro-inflammatory and adverse plaque phenotype
Kraaijenhof, J. M., Mol, B. M., Nurmohamed, N. S., Dzobo, K. E., Kroon, J., Hovingh, G. K., Mokrý, M., de Borst, G. J., Stroes, E. S. G., & de Kleijn, D. P. V. (2024) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118532 · Cited by 20
Selonsertib in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Heerspink, H. J. L., Perkovic, V., Tuttle, K. R., Pérgola, P. E., Mahaffey, K. W., Patel, U. D., Ishida, J. H., Kuo, A., Fang, C., Kustra, R. P., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.0000000000000444 · Cited by 21
Tucker, B., Tucker, W. J., Chung, J. S., Figtree, G. A., KEECH, A. C., & Patel, S. V. (2025) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf302 · Cited by 20
Hartley, A., Rostamian, S., Kaura, A., Chrysostomou, P., Welsh, P. I., Ariti, C. A., Sattar, N. A., Sever, P., & Khamis, R. (2025) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105786 · Cited by 27
“9 Subsequent studies have con fi rmed the role of other immune modulating drugs in treating coronary artery disease, 10,11 which is now re fl ected in international guidelines, where the use of Colchicine, a broad-spectrum anti-in-fl ammatory agent, is recommended for cardiovascular risk reduction…”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Nidorf, S. M., Fiolet, A. T. L., Mosterd, A., Eikelboom, J. W., Schut, A., Opstal, T. S. J., The, S. H. K., Xu, X.-F., Ireland, M. A., Lenderink, T., Latchem, D., Hoogslag, P., Jerzewski, A., Nierop, P., Whelan, A., Hendriks, R., Swart, H., Schaap, J., Kuijper, A. F. M., van Hessen, M. W. J., Saklani, P., Tan, I., Thompson, A. G., Morton, A., Judkins, C., Bax, W. A., Dirksen, M., Alings, M., Hankey, G. J., Budgeon, C. A., Tijssen, J. G. P., Cornel, J. H., & Thompson, P. L.
- Affiliations
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (AU)
- Gelre Hospitals (NL)
- From GenesisCare Western Australia (S.M.N., X.-F.X., M.A.I., D.L., A.W., R.H., P.S., I.T., A.G.T., A. Morton, P.L.T.), the Heart and Vascular Research Institute (S.M.N., P.L.T.) and the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.J.H., P.L.T.) and the School of Population and Global Health (C.A.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, the Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (C.J.), and the Harry...
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- ORCID
- Nidorf, Stefan M.
- Fiolet, Aernoud T.L.
- Mosterd, Arend
- Eikelboom, John W.
- Schut, Astrid
- Opstal, Tjerk S.J.
- Lenderink, Timo
- Schaap, Jeroen
- Kuijper, Aaf F.M.
- Thompson, Angus G.
- Morton, Allison
- Bax, Willem A.
- Dirksen, Maurits
- Alings, Marco
- Hankey, Graeme J.
- Budgeon, Charley A.
- Tijssen, Jan G.P.
- Cornel, Jan H.
- Thompson, Peter L.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-11-05
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1838-1847
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3081761942
- Cited by
- 2,299
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 446 · 2025: 455 · 2024: 388 · 2023: 345 · 2022: 298 · 2021: 311 · 2020: 55
- FWCI
- 155.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- the National Health Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC project grant APP1088455)
- the Withering Foundation the Netherlands
- the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (Grantnr. 848015014)
- the Netherlands Heart Foundation
- Aspen, Australia
- Teva, Haarlem, Disphar, Baarn and Tiofarma, Oud-Beijerland
- Research Advisory Committee of Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Osborne ParkGroup and Charlies Foundation for Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Keywords
- colchicine, stable coronary artery disease, anti-inflammatory therapy, cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality, coronary revascularization, non-cardiovascular mortality, antiplatelet therapy, statins, coronary artery disease, secondary prevention, cardiovascular risk reduction, cardiovascular risk stratification
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Colchicine, Coronary Disease, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Intention to Treat Analysis
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