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Colchicine in Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence from a recent trial has shown that the antiinflammatory effects of colchicine reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with recent myocardial infarction, but evidence of such a risk reduction in patients with chronic coronary disease is limited. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, we assigned patients with chronic coronary disease to receive 0.5 mg of colchicine once daily or matching placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, spontaneous (nonprocedural) myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or ischemia-driven coronary revascularization. The key secondary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, spontaneous myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke. RESULTS: A total of 5522 patients underwent randomization; 2762 were assigned to the colchicine group and 2760 to the placebo group. The median duration of follow-up was 28.6 months. A primary end-point event occurred in 187 patients (6.8%) in the colchicine group and in 264 patients (9.6%) in the placebo group (incidence, 2.5 vs. 3.6 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.83; P<0.001). A key secondary end-point event occurred in 115 patients (4.2%) in the colchicine group and in 157 patients (5.7%) in the placebo group (incidence, 1.5 vs. 2.1 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.92; P = 0.007). The incidence rates of spontaneous myocardial infarction or ischemia-driven coronary revascularization (composite end point), cardiovascular death or spontaneous myocardial infarction (composite end point), ischemia-driven coronary revascularization, and spontaneous myocardial infarction were also significantly lower with colchicine than with placebo. The incidence of death from noncardiovascular causes was higher in the colchicine group than in the placebo group (incidence, 0.7 vs. 0.5 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.31). CONCLUSIONS: In a randomized trial involving patients with chronic coronary disease, the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly lower among those who received 0.5 mg of colchicine once daily than among those who received placebo. (Funded by the National Health Medical Research Council of Australia and others; LoDoCo2 Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12614000093684.).
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“The efficacy of GLP-1 medications is consistent with actions of other antiinflammatory agents, such as IL-1 antagonists and colchicine, in reducing cardiovascular events (63, 64).”
From Antiinflammatory actions of glucagon-like peptide-1–based therapies beyond metabolic benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
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“The CTTC analysis reported that the benefits of lowering LDL-C level were consistent across a wide spectrum of baseline risk varying from less than 5% to 30% or greater.”
From Bempedoic Acid for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Intolerant Patients (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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“The CTTC analysis showed a 22% reduction in major coronary events for each 38.7-mg/dL (1-mmol/L) decrease in LDL-C level and a 15% reduction in vascular death.”
From Bempedoic Acid for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Intolerant Patients (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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“43 However, the OASIS-9/CLEAR SYNERGY clinical trial in patients with acute MI, randomized to colchicine 0.5 mg daily ( n = 3,528) vs . placebo ( n = 3,534) following PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention), 44 showed no difference for colchicine vs . placebo.”
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“In light of the increasing evidence linking inflammation and atherosclerosis, several anti-inflammatory treatments have recently been investigated for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD with positive results [8–10].”
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Drexel, H., Pocock, S., Lewis, B. S., Saely, C. H., Kaski, J. C., Rosano, G. M. C., Tautermann, G., Huber, K., Dopheide, J. F., MADER, A., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab048 · Cited by 12
Marquis‐Gravel, G., Goodman, S. G., Anderson, T. J., Bell, A., Bewick, D. J., Cox, J. L., Grégoire, J. C., Gupta, A. K., Huynh, T. T., Kertland, H. R., et al. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.08.009 · Cited by 12
“11,14,15 In the COPS trial, the number of deaths from any cause was higher with colchicine (n ¼ 8) compared with placebo (n ¼ 1); the numbers of noncardiovascular deaths in the 2 arms were 5 and 0, respectively.”
InfluentialChan, Y., & Ramji, D. P. (2022) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_2 · Cited by 13
Katamine, M., Minami, Y., & Ako, J. (2025) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.rv22044 · Cited by 12
Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome-Gasdermin D Axis to Combat Cardiovascular Diseases
Choi, J. S. Y., Pervin, M., Vince, J. E., Sharma, A., & de Haan, J. B. (2025) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2025.09.006 · Cited by 15
Roles of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease
Yun, H. R., Singh, M. K., Han, S., Ranbhise, J. S., Ha, J., Kim, S. S., & Kang, I. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14101263 · Cited by 13
“…example, interleukin 1 β blockade with canakinumab in CANTOS and colchicine therapy in COLCOT and LoDoCo2, and human plaques exhibit autophagy pathway alterations, with CMA acting protectively, underscoring the translational relevance of autophagy and redox coupling in atherothrom-bosis [168–170].”
Shariat‐Madar, Z., & Mahdi, F. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30224448 · Cited by 15
“…for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) [39], and COLCOT (colchicine cardiovascular outcomes trial) [40] undoubtedly provide significant evidence that chronic inflammation contributes to long-term complications of diabetes, including cardiovascular…”
Atherogenic dyslipidaemia and residual cardiovascular risk: Understanding the link to heart disease
Girón, G. O., Otero, S., Nikolaou, P., Alcover, S., Ramos-Regalado, L., Zaragoza, C., Liberale, L., Borrell-Pagés, M., Padró, T., Suades, R., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.70167 · Cited by 12
“Subsequently, in the COLCOT (Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial) 92 and the LoDoCo2 (Low-dose Colchicine 2 Trial) studies, 93 the anti-inflammatory colchicine reduced CV risk among those with recent MI and those with chronic coronary disease, respectively, confirming the importance of…”
Trained Immunity and Cardiovascular Risk: An Immunological Perspective
Boden, K. A., Chai, J., Kufazvinei, T. T. J., & Choudhury, R. P. (2026) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.70095 · Cited by 15
Wei, D., Tang, L. M., Su, L., Zeng, S., Telushi, A., Lang, X., Zhang, Y., Qin, M., Qiu, L., Zhong, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1013013 · Cited by 11
“The recent immuno-suppressive Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (COLCOT) has shown encouraging results among patients with MI and strongly supported the inflammatory hypothesis of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (9, 10).”
BackgroundResultComplexity of Inflammation in the Trajectory of Vascular Disease: Interleukin 6 and Beyond
Sano, M. (2023) · Annals of Vascular Diseases · doi:10.3400/avd.ra.23-00003 · Cited by 11
Nooti, S., Rai, V., Radwan, M., Thankam, F., Singh, H., Chatzizisis, Y., & Agrawal, D. (2023) · Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.26502/fccm.92920338 · Cited by 10
“Lastly, it is well known that the inflammatory status of an individual can significantly contribute to acute vascular events as evidenced by large phase 3 trials of the anti-inflammatory agent’s paramount in causing major cardiovascular events[11,76,77].”
BackgroundLi, L., Liu, S., Zhang, Z., Zhou, L., Zhang, Z., Xiong, Y., Zhao, H., & Yao, Y. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01932-2 · Cited by 11
“Targeted anti-inflammatory treatments, such as colchicine and other agents, have shown significant benefits in improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD [3–5].”
BackgroundMass cytometry analysis reveals altered immune profiles in patients with coronary artery disease
Kott, K. A., Chan, A. S., Vernon, S. T., Hansen, T., Kim, T., de Dreu, M., Gunasegaran, B., Murphy, A. J., Patrick, E., Psaltis, P. J., et al. (2023) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.1462 · Cited by 14
“…of such a broad anti-inflammatory therapy resulted in an increase in fatal infection that limits clinical utility, promising results have also been reported from studies researching anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine in those with chronic coronary disease 6 and following myocardial infarction.”
ResultMental stress, atheroma, myocardial ischaemia and injury: the link is inflammation
Ong, H. T., & Chen, J. (2023) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2023-101282 · Cited by 12
McCormick, N., Lin, K., Yokose, C., Lu, N., Zhang, Y., & Choi, H. K. (2024) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.25292 · Cited by 11
“46,47 The latter led to its inclusion in European CVD prevention guidelines, 48 together with effective lipid-lowering therapy, and FDA approval for CVD prevention at large.”
BackgroundFiolet, A. T. L., Keusters, W. R., Blokzijl, J., Nidorf, S. M., Eikelboom, J. W., Budgeon, C. A., Tijssen, J. G. P., Römer, T. J., Westendorp, I. C. D., Cornel, J. H., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes · doi:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcae021 · Cited by 11
“14 , 15 Once patients in the model would enter the acute state, the next year they would automatically transfer into the post-state and stay there until death or a new acute event occurred.”
Self-citationChen, T., Zheng, J., Bao, C., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Lü, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Ji, C., Wang, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s490896 · Cited by 11
“18,19,26,27 Unlike other medications, Guanxinning does not appear to reduce the levels of white blood cells or neutrophils.”
BackgroundInfluentialSandner, S. E., Antoniades, C. A., Caliskan, E., Czerny, M., Dayan, V., Fremes, S. E., Glineur, D., Lawton, J. S., Thielmann, M., & Gaudino, M. F. L. (2024) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezae400 · Cited by 14
Colchicine: Repositioning an “ancient” medicine in the 21st century
Nasonov, E. L., & Drapkina, O. M. (2024) · Rheumatology Science and Practice · doi:10.47360/1995-4484-2024-445-464 · Cited by 12
Inflammatory Pathways in Coronary Artery Disease: Which Ones to Target for Secondary Prevention?
Cheng, W.-H., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14030153 · Cited by 11
“In the LoDoCo2 study, a daily low dose of colchicine reduced the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic CAD [151].”
Combining Colchicine and Antiplatelet Therapy to Tackle Atherothrombosis: A Paradigm in Transition?
Giordano, S. A., Camera, M., Brambilla, M., Sarto, G., Spadafora, L., Bernardi, M., Iaconelli, A., D’Amario, D., Biondi‐Zoccai, G., Celia, A. I., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26031136 · Cited by 12
Karakasis, P., Theofilis, P., Lefkou, E. E., Antoniadis, A. P., Patoulias, D., Korantzopoulos, P. G., & Fragakis, N. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26062739 · Cited by 14
“Colchicine, which exhibits inhibitory effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activity and IL-1 β , has demonstrated efficacy in secondary prevention of cardiovascular events [99].”
Pericoronary adipose tissue: potential for pathological diagnosis and therapeutic applications
Hara, T., & Sata, M. (2025) · Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s12928-025-01126-5 · Cited by 11
“…there are also some partially controversial findings, it has recently been reported that drugs that modify inflammatory responses, such as canakinumab [110], an anti-IL-1β therapy, and low-dose colchicine [111–113], reduce coronary artery events in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.”
Yokose, C., McCormick, N., Lu, N., Jiang, B., Tan, K., Chigurupati, S., Rai, S. K., Challener, G. J., Aviña-Zubieta, J. A., Cipolletta, E., et al. (2025) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.43259 · Cited by 11
Colchicine for Cardiovascular Disease
Ridker, P. M. (2025) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.03.536 · Cited by 11
Risk and temporal trends of heart failure subtypes in rheumatoid arthritis
Johnson, T. M., Yang, Y., Roul, P., Frideres, H., Baker, J. F., Sauer, B. C., Cannon, G. W., Kunkel, G. A., Bookani, K. R., Mikuls, T. R., et al. (2025) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2025.152816 · Cited by 12
Parkkila, K., Kiviniemi, A. M., Tulppo, M. P., Perkiömäki, J. S., Kesäniemi, Y. A., & Ukkola, O. H. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248015 · Cited by 11
Colchicine—regeneration of an old drug
Casey, A., Quinn, S., McAdam, B. F., Kennedy, M., & Sheahan, R. G. (2022) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-022-02938-7 · Cited by 11
“5 mg of colchicine once daily or matching placebo [27].”
BackgroundInfluentialBicciato, G., Arnold, M., Gebhardt, A., & Mira, K. (2021) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000001011 · Cited by 11
Cardiovascular Events and Gout Flares
Anderson, J. L., & Knowlton, K. U. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.9165 · Cited by 11
Inflammation contributes to cardiovascular risk in patients receiving statin therapy
Tardif, J., & Samuel, M. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00454-3 · Cited by 11
Donners, S. J. A., Rots, M. L., Toorop, R. J., van der Lugt, A., Bonati, L. H., & de Borst, G. J. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.123.043336 · Cited by 11
van Veelen, A., Küçük, I. T., Fuentes, F. H., Kahsay, Y. A., García‐García, H. M., Delewi, R., Beijk, M. A. M., den Hartog, A. W., Grundeken, M. J., Vis, M. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12185807 · Cited by 12
“Nonetheless, although this aforementioned medical therapy leads to plaque regression and subsequent reduction of clinical events, patients often have important systemic side-effects reducing adherence and still have a residual risk of around 5–10% of MACE according to the large trials [24,25,31].”
BackgroundXiang, Z., Yang, J. M., Yang, J., Zhang, J., Fan, Z., Yang, C., Di, L., Ma, C., Wu, J., & Huang, Y. (2021) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02606-7 · Cited by 12
“5 mg/d may be the optimal balance of efficacy and safety in patients with CHD, and the recommended dose was followed by most of our eligible studies [19, 36].”
BackgroundThe year in cardiovascular medicine 2020: acute coronary syndromes and intensive cardiac care
Ibáñez, B., Roque, D., & Price, S. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1090 · Cited by 11
Ullah, W., Haq, S., Zahid, S., Gowda, S. N., Ottman, P., Saleem, S., Hamzeh, I., Virani, S. S., Alam, M., & Fischman, D. L. (2021) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-021-00485-7 · Cited by 11
Katsanos, A. H., Palaiodimou, L., Price, C., Themistocleous, M. S., Lemmens, R., Michopoulos, I., Georgakis, M. K., Weimar, C., Kelly, P. J., & Tsivgoulis, G. K. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10143110 · Cited by 11
“After excluding two study protocols that did not meet our inclusion criteria, we identified 6 RCTs including a total of 11,870 patients (mean age 63 years, 83% males) with a history of ASCVD.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDregoesc, M. I., Țigu, A. B., Bekkering, S., van der Heijden, C. D. C. C., Bolboaca, S. D., Joosten, L. A. B., Visseren, F. L. J., Netea, M. G., Riksen, N. P., & Iancu, A. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.731325 · Cited by 11
“The nonspecific antiinflammatory drug colchicine also lowered the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events in the recent COLCOT and LoDoCo2 trials (4, 5).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Nidorf, S. M., Fiolet, A. T. L., Mosterd, A., Eikelboom, J. W., Schut, A., Opstal, T. S. J., The, S. H. K., Xu, X.-F., Ireland, M. A., Lenderink, T., Latchem, D., Hoogslag, P., Jerzewski, A., Nierop, P., Whelan, A., Hendriks, R., Swart, H., Schaap, J., Kuijper, A. F. M., van Hessen, M. W. J., Saklani, P., Tan, I., Thompson, A. G., Morton, A., Judkins, C., Bax, W. A., Dirksen, M., Alings, M., Hankey, G. J., Budgeon, C. A., Tijssen, J. G. P., Cornel, J. H., & Thompson, P. L.
- Affiliations
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (AU)
- Gelre Hospitals (NL)
- From GenesisCare Western Australia (S.M.N., X.-F.X., M.A.I., D.L., A.W., R.H., P.S., I.T., A.G.T., A. Morton, P.L.T.), the Heart and Vascular Research Institute (S.M.N., P.L.T.) and the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.J.H., P.L.T.) and the School of Population and Global Health (C.A.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, the Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (C.J.), and the Harry...
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- ORCID
- Nidorf, Stefan M.
- Fiolet, Aernoud T.L.
- Mosterd, Arend
- Eikelboom, John W.
- Schut, Astrid
- Opstal, Tjerk S.J.
- Lenderink, Timo
- Schaap, Jeroen
- Kuijper, Aaf F.M.
- Thompson, Angus G.
- Morton, Allison
- Bax, Willem A.
- Dirksen, Maurits
- Alings, Marco
- Hankey, Graeme J.
- Budgeon, Charley A.
- Tijssen, Jan G.P.
- Cornel, Jan H.
- Thompson, Peter L.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-11-05
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1838-1847
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3081761942
- Cited by
- 2,299
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 446 · 2025: 455 · 2024: 388 · 2023: 345 · 2022: 298 · 2021: 311 · 2020: 55
- FWCI
- 155.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- the National Health Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC project grant APP1088455)
- the Withering Foundation the Netherlands
- the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (Grantnr. 848015014)
- the Netherlands Heart Foundation
- Aspen, Australia
- Teva, Haarlem, Disphar, Baarn and Tiofarma, Oud-Beijerland
- Research Advisory Committee of Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Osborne ParkGroup and Charlies Foundation for Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Keywords
- colchicine, stable coronary artery disease, anti-inflammatory therapy, cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality, coronary revascularization, non-cardiovascular mortality, antiplatelet therapy, statins, coronary artery disease, secondary prevention, cardiovascular risk reduction, cardiovascular risk stratification
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Colchicine, Coronary Disease, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Intention to Treat Analysis
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